# Xisha Islands, Northern South China Sea Modern and Fossil Coral Sr/Ca Data from 1149-1205 CE and 1980-2007 CE #----------------------------------------------------------------------- # World Data Service for Paleoclimatology, Boulder # and # NOAA Paleoclimatology Program # National Centers for Environmental Information (NCEI) #----------------------------------------------------------------------- # Template Version 3.0 # Encoding: UTF-8 # NOTE: Please cite Publication, and Online_Resource and date accessed when using these data. # If there is no publication information, please cite Investigators, Title, and Online_Resource and date accessed. # # Online_Resource: https://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/paleo/study/31712 # Description: NOAA Landing Page # Online_Resource: https://www1.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/coral/ (assigned by WDC Paleo) # Description: NOAA Location of the template # # Original_Source_URL: # Description: # # Description/Documentation lines begin with # # Data lines have no # # # Data_Type: Corals and Sclerosponges # # Dataset_DOI: # # Parameter_Keywords: trace metals #-------------------- # Contribution_Date # Date: 2020-10-27 #-------------------- # File_Last_Modified_Date # Date: 2021-4-22 #-------------------- # Title # Study_Name: Xisha Islands, Northern South China Sea Modern and Fossil Coral Sr/Ca Data from 1149-1205 CE and 1980-2007 CE #-------------------- # Investigators # Investigators: Jiang, Leilei; Yu, Kefu; Tao, Shichen; Wang, Shaopeng; Han, Tao; Jiang, Wei #-------------------- # Description_Notes_and_Keywords # Description: Modern and fossil coral Sr/Ca data from Xisha Islands, South China Sea, northwestern tropical Pacific # Provided Keywords: Medieval Climate Anomaly #-------------------- # Publication # Authors: Jiang, Leilei; Yu, Kefu; Tao, Shichen; Wang, Shaopeng; Han, Tao; Jiang, Wei # Published_Date_or_Year: 2021 # Published_Title: ENSO Variability During the Medieval Climate Anomaly as Recorded by Porites Corals from the Northern South China Sea # Journal_Name: Paleoceanograohy and Paleoclimatology # Volume: 36 # Edition: # Issue: # Pages: # Report_Number: e2020PA004173 # DOI: 10.1029/2020PA004173 # Online_Resource: # Full_Citation: # Abstract: The El Niño–Southern Oscillation (ENSO) dominates interannual climate variability worldwide and has important environmental and socio-economic consequences. However, determining the evolution of ENSO variability and its long-term response to climate forcing remains an ongoing challenge owing to the limited instrumental records. In this study, we quantified ENSO variability via an empirically calibrated threshold and sliding variance windows using monthly sea-surface temperature (SST) anomalies based on Porites coral Sr/Ca records from the Xisha Islands in the northern South China Sea. Instrumental SST anomalies from the Xisha Islands correctly captured increasing ENSO variability in the twentieth century, with ENSO detection skills similar to those for Niño3.4 regions. Coral Sr/Ca-SST anomalies can also serve as sensitive and robust proxies for ENSO variability. Sub-fossil coral Sr/Ca-SST anomalies indicated intensified ENSO variability at the end of the Medieval Climate Anomaly (MCA) from 1149 to 1205 ± 4.9 (2σ) Common Era (CE). Combining our records with other ENSO-sensitive proxy reconstructions from the tropical Pacific, we observed fluctuating ENSO variability during the MCA and intensified ENSO variability for the late MCA. Considering the fewer and low intensity fluctuations associated with external climate forcing and the absence of a coherent temporal correspondence of ENSO activity with solar irradiance and volcanic eruption during the MCA, we hypothesized that the internal dynamics of the climate system play a prominent role in modulating ENSO variability and its evolution, which is supported by unforced climate model simulations and coral reconstructions across the tropical Pacific. #------------------ # Funding_Agency # Funding_Agency_Name: # Grant: #------------------ # Site_Information # Site_Name: Xisha Islands, South China Sea # Location: Pacific Ocean>Western Pacific>South China Sea # Country: China # Northernmost_Latitude: 16.51 # Southernmost_Latitude: 16.51 # Easternmost_Longitude: 111.59 # Westernmost_Longitude: 111.59 # Elevation: -6 #------------------ # Data_Collection # Collection_Name: GQ-2 Sr/Ca-Age Jiang2020 # Earliest_Year: 1149 # Most_Recent_Year: 1205 # Time_Unit: AD # Core_Length: # Notes: Core collected in 2008 #------------------ # Species # Species_Name: # Common_Name: # Tree_Species_Code: #------------------ # Chronology_Information # Chronology: # #---------------- # Variables # # variables format: shortname what,material,error,units,seasonality,data_type,detail,method,data_format,additional_information) # ## age_AD age,,,year Common Era,,Corals and Sclerosponges,,,N, ## Sr/Ca strontium/calcium,Porites lutea,,millimole per mole,Monthly,Corals and Sclerosponges,,inductively-coupled plasma atomic emission spectroscopy,N,Age model determined using a Analysserieses software that identified peaks/troughs in the geochemical data and interpolated to monthly resolution # #---------------- # Data: # Data lines follow (have no #) # Data line format - tab-delimited text, variable short name as header # Missing_Values: NA age_AD Sr/Ca 1149.0000 9.1558 1149.0833 9.1197 1149.1667 9.0270 1149.2500 8.9409 1149.3333 8.7795 1149.4167 8.8258 1149.5000 8.8368 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