# Xisha Islands, Northern South China Sea Modern and Fossil Coral Sr/Ca Data from 1149-1205 CE and 1980-2007 CE #----------------------------------------------------------------------- # World Data Service for Paleoclimatology, Boulder # and # NOAA Paleoclimatology Program # National Centers for Environmental Information (NCEI) #----------------------------------------------------------------------- # Template Version 3.0 # Encoding: UTF-8 # NOTE: Please cite Publication, and Online_Resource and date accessed when using these data. # If there is no publication information, please cite Investigators, Title, and Online_Resource and date accessed. # # Online_Resource: https://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/paleo/study/31712 # Description: NOAA Landing Page # Online_Resource: https://www1.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/coral/ (assigned by WDC Paleo) # Description: NOAA Location of the template # # Original_Source_URL: # Description: # # Description/Documentation lines begin with # # Data lines have no # # # Data_Type: Corals and Sclerosponges # # Dataset_DOI: # # Parameter_Keywords: trace metals #-------------------- # Contribution_Date # Date: 2020-10-27 #-------------------- # File_Last_Modified_Date # Date: 2021-4-22 #-------------------- # Title # Study_Name: Xisha Islands, Northern South China Sea Modern and Fossil Coral Sr/Ca Data from 1149-1205 CE and 1980-2007 CE #-------------------- # Investigators # Investigators: Jiang, Leilei; Yu, Kefu; Tao, Shichen; Wang, Shaopeng; Han, Tao；Jiang, Wei #-------------------- # Description_Notes_and_Keywords # Description: Modern and fossil coral Sr/Ca data from Xisha Islands, South China Sea, northwestern tropical Pacific # Provided Keywords: Medieval Climate Anomaly #-------------------- # Publication # Authors: Jiang, Leilei; Yu, Kefu; Tao, Shichen; Wang, Shaopeng; Han, Tao；Jiang, Wei # Published_Date_or_Year: 2021 # Published_Title: ENSO Variability During the Medieval Climate Anomaly as Recorded by Porites Corals from the Northern South China Sea # Journal_Name: Paleoceanograohy and Paleoclimatology # Volume: 36 # Edition: # Issue: # Pages: # Report_Number: e2020PA004173 # DOI: 10.1029/2020PA004173 # Online_Resource: # Full_Citation: # Abstract: The El Niño–Southern Oscillation (ENSO) dominates interannual climate variability worldwide and has important environmental and socio-economic consequences. However, determining the evolution of ENSO variability and its long-term response to climate forcing remains an ongoing challenge owing to the limited instrumental records. In this study, we quantified ENSO variability via an empirically calibrated threshold and sliding variance windows using monthly sea-surface temperature (SST) anomalies based on Porites coral Sr/Ca records from the Xisha Islands in the northern South China Sea. Instrumental SST anomalies from the Xisha Islands correctly captured increasing ENSO variability in the twentieth century, with ENSO detection skills similar to those for Niño3.4 regions. Coral Sr/Ca-SST anomalies can also serve as sensitive and robust proxies for ENSO variability. Sub-fossil coral Sr/Ca-SST anomalies indicated intensified ENSO variability at the end of the Medieval Climate Anomaly (MCA) from 1149 to 1205 ± 4.9 (2σ) Common Era (CE). Combining our records with other ENSO-sensitive proxy reconstructions from the tropical Pacific, we observed fluctuating ENSO variability during the MCA and intensified ENSO variability for the late MCA. Considering the fewer and low intensity fluctuations associated with external climate forcing and the absence of a coherent temporal correspondence of ENSO activity with solar irradiance and volcanic eruption during the MCA, we hypothesized that the internal dynamics of the climate system play a prominent role in modulating ENSO variability and its evolution, which is supported by unforced climate model simulations and coral reconstructions across the tropical Pacific. #------------------ # Funding_Agency # Funding_Agency_Name: # Grant: #------------------ # Site_Information # Site_Name: Xisha Islands, South China Sea # Location: Pacific Ocean>Western Pacific>South China Sea # Country: China # Northernmost_Latitude: 16.84 # Southernmost_Latitude: 16.84 # Easternmost_Longitude: 112.33 # Westernmost_Longitude: 112.33 # Elevation: -6 #------------------ # Data_Collection # Collection_Name: YXN-1 Sr/Ca-Age Jiang2020 # Earliest_Year: 1980 # Most_Recent_Year: 2007 # Time_Unit: AD # Core_Length: # Notes: Core collected in 2008 #------------------ # Species # Species_Name: # Common_Name: # Tree_Species_Code: #------------------ # Chronology_Information # Chronology: # #---------------- # Variables # # variables format: shortname what,material,error,units,seasonality,data_type,detail,method,data_format,additional_information) # ## age_AD age,,,year Common Era,,Corals and Sclerosponges,,,N, ## Sr/Ca strontium/calcium,Porites lutea,,millimole per mole,Monthly,Corals and Sclerosponges,,inductively-coupled plasma atomic emission spectroscopy,N,Age model determined using a Analysserieses software that identified peaks/troughs in the geochemical data and interpolated to monthly resolution # #---------------- # Data: # Data lines follow (have no #) # Data line format - tab-delimited text, variable short name as header # Missing_Values: NA age_AD Sr/Ca 1980.0000 8.9610 1980.0833 8.9073 1980.1667 8.7976 1980.2500 8.7069 1980.3333 8.6239 1980.4167 8.6376 1980.5000 8.7181 1980.5833 8.5955 1980.6667 8.7486 1980.7500 8.7923 1980.8333 8.7488 1980.9167 8.9254 1981.0000 8.9472 1981.0833 8.9226 1981.1667 8.7813 1981.2500 8.7068 1981.3333 8.6963 1981.4167 8.6712 1981.5000 8.7448 1981.5833 8.7494 1981.6667 8.7513 1981.7500 8.7861 1981.8333 8.8229 1981.9167 8.9298 1982.0000 8.9692 1982.0833 8.8634 1982.1667 8.7579 1982.2500 8.7702 1982.3333 8.6726 1982.4167 8.6702 1982.5000 8.6366 1982.5833 8.6731 1982.6667 8.7363 1982.7500 8.7583 1982.8333 8.7671 1982.9167 8.8229 1983.0000 8.9521 1983.0833 8.8631 1983.1667 8.8433 1983.2500 8.7400 1983.3333 8.6600 1983.4167 8.6562 1983.5000 8.7069 1983.5833 8.7014 1983.6667 8.6123 1983.7500 8.7153 1983.8333 8.8149 1983.9167 8.9155 1984.0000 8.9900 1984.0833 8.8741 1984.1667 8.7273 1984.2500 8.7124 1984.3333 8.6998 1984.4167 8.6522 1984.5000 8.6951 1984.5833 8.6910 1984.6667 8.7410 1984.7500 8.8155 1984.8333 8.9105 1984.9167 8.9928 1985.0000 9.0085 1985.0833 8.8956 1985.1667 8.9065 1985.2500 8.7969 1985.3333 8.7816 1985.4167 8.6378 1985.5000 8.6709 1985.5833 8.7439 1985.6667 8.7436 1985.7500 8.8685 1985.8333 8.8839 1985.9167 8.9028 1986.0000 9.0509 1986.0833 9.0401 1986.1667 8.8590 1986.2500 8.7742 1986.3333 8.6885 1986.4167 8.7210 1986.5000 8.7658 1986.5833 8.6659 1986.6667 8.7786 1986.7500 8.7860 1986.8333 8.8276 1986.9167 8.8599 1987.0000 8.9112 1987.0833 8.8950 1987.1667 8.8044 1987.2500 8.7545 1987.3333 8.7325 1987.4167 8.6900 1987.5000 8.7126 1987.5833 8.7815 1987.6667 8.7911 1987.7500 8.7136 1987.8333 8.8680 1987.9167 8.9716 1988.0000 8.9483 1988.0833 8.8878 1988.1667 8.7678 1988.2500 8.6134 1988.3333 8.6532 1988.4167 8.6509 1988.5000 8.6800 1988.5833 8.7040 1988.6667 8.6815 1988.7500 8.7318 1988.8333 8.8950 1988.9167 9.0105 1989.0000 8.9872 1989.0833 8.9249 1989.1667 8.8869 1989.2500 8.7783 1989.3333 8.6820 1989.4167 8.7935 1989.5000 8.7564 1989.5833 8.7214 1989.6667 8.6564 1989.7500 8.7468 1989.8333 8.9203 1989.9167 8.9274 1990.0000 8.8792 1990.0833 8.8855 1990.1667 8.8972 1990.2500 8.8407 1990.3333 8.7264 1990.4167 8.7268 1990.5000 8.6903 1990.5833 8.7179 1990.6667 8.7636 1990.7500 8.8616 1990.8333 8.8689 1990.9167 8.9085 1991.0000 8.8415 1991.0833 8.9009 1991.1667 8.8013 1991.2500 8.7897 1991.3333 8.7139 1991.4167 8.7277 1991.5000 8.7005 1991.5833 8.7424 1991.6667 8.7175 1991.7500 8.7972 1991.8333 8.8037 1991.9167 8.8813 1992.0000 8.9418 1992.0833 8.8908 1992.1667 8.7841 1992.2500 8.7732 1992.3333 8.7099 1992.4167 8.7427 1992.5000 8.7432 1992.5833 8.7361 1992.6667 8.6868 1992.7500 8.8146 1992.8333 8.8813 1992.9167 8.9279 1993.0000 8.9127 1993.0833 8.9365 1993.1667 8.7749 1993.2500 8.7247 1993.3333 8.6930 1993.4167 8.7197 1993.5000 8.7362 1993.5833 8.6828 1993.6667 8.7108 1993.7500 8.8541 1993.8333 8.7936 1993.9167 8.8663 1994.0000 8.9201 1994.0833 8.8865 1994.1667 8.7662 1994.2500 8.6885 1994.3333 8.6337 1994.4167 8.6180 1994.5000 8.6892 1994.5833 8.6549 1994.6667 8.7084 1994.7500 8.8096 1994.8333 8.7875 1994.9167 8.8986 1995.0000 8.8083 1995.0833 8.9616 1995.1667 8.8317 1995.2500 8.6939 1995.3333 8.7649 1995.4167 8.6559 1995.5000 8.7076 1995.5833 8.6808 1995.6667 8.7892 1995.7500 8.8316 1995.8333 8.8449 1995.9167 8.8568 1996.0000 8.9418 1996.0833 9.0310 1996.1667 8.8955 1996.2500 8.7674 1996.3333 8.7352 1996.4167 8.7480 1996.5000 8.7280 1996.5833 8.8105 1996.6667 8.7824 1996.7500 8.7551 1996.8333 8.7910 1996.9167 8.8007 1997.0000 8.8974 1997.0833 8.8467 1997.1667 8.8635 1997.2500 8.7696 1997.3333 8.6802 1997.4167 8.7020 1997.5000 8.6819 1997.5833 8.6715 1997.6667 8.7587 1997.7500 8.7162 1997.8333 8.8056 1997.9167 8.8019 1998.0000 8.8112 1998.0833 8.7755 1998.1667 8.8069 1998.2500 8.7594 1998.3333 8.6886 1998.4167 8.7132 1998.5000 8.6594 1998.5833 8.6900 1998.6667 8.7042 1998.7500 8.7273 1998.8333 8.7660 1998.9167 8.8297 1999.0000 8.8704 1999.0833 8.9310 1999.1667 8.8496 1999.2500 8.7633 1999.3333 8.7662 1999.4167 8.8127 1999.5000 8.7209 1999.5833 8.8606 1999.6667 8.7546 1999.7500 8.8688 1999.8333 8.8869 1999.9167 8.8773 2000.0000 8.9168 2000.0833 8.9597 2000.1667 8.8715 2000.2500 8.7881 2000.3333 8.7506 2000.4167 8.7351 2000.5000 8.7825 2000.5833 8.7290 2000.6667 8.7493 2000.7500 8.7712 2000.8333 8.8140 2000.9167 8.7900 2001.0000 8.8282 2001.0833 8.9348 2001.1667 8.8692 2001.2500 8.7925 2001.3333 8.6998 2001.4167 8.7399 2001.5000 8.6652 2001.5833 8.6943 2001.6667 8.6605 2001.7500 8.6863 2001.8333 8.7196 2001.9167 8.7886 2002.0000 8.7144 2002.0833 8.8662 2002.1667 8.7816 2002.2500 8.7357 2002.3333 8.7095 2002.4167 8.6585 2002.5000 8.5898 2002.5833 8.6661 2002.6667 8.7971 2002.7500 8.8062 2002.8333 8.8098 2002.9167 8.8397 2003.0000 8.8657 2003.0833 8.7968 2003.1667 8.8295 2003.2500 8.7992 2003.3333 8.6545 2003.4167 8.6936 2003.5000 8.5617 2003.5833 8.6007 2003.6667 8.6848 2003.7500 8.7189 2003.8333 8.7605 2003.9167 8.8599 2004.0000 8.9538 2004.0833 8.8212 2004.1667 8.7502 2004.2500 8.6999 2004.3333 8.6372 2004.4167 8.6584 2004.5000 8.7302 2004.5833 8.6370 2004.6667 8.6752 2004.7500 8.7321 2004.8333 8.8493 2004.9167 8.8055 2005.0000 8.9436 2005.0833 8.9002 2005.1667 8.8399 2005.2500 8.7531 2005.3333 8.6569 2005.4167 8.6779 2005.5000 8.6664 2005.5833 8.6096 2005.6667 8.7471 2005.7500 8.7436 2005.8333 8.7174 2005.9167 8.8040 2006.0000 8.9070 2006.0833 8.8904 2006.1667 8.8064 2006.2500 8.7287 2006.3333 8.7320 2006.4167 8.6730 2006.5000 8.7665 2006.5833 8.7716 2006.6667 8.8068 2006.7500 8.8954 2006.8333 8.8577 2006.9167 8.8563 2007.0000 8.9379 2007.0833 8.9126 2007.1667 8.8190 2007.2500 8.7407 2007.3333 8.7398 2007.4167 8.6480 2007.5000 8.6810 2007.5833 8.7456 2007.6667 8.6575 2007.7500 8.7044 2007.8333 8.8023 2007.9167 8.8867