# South China Sea d18O and hurricane data from 1568 to 1965 CE #----------------------------------------------------------------------- # World Data Service for Paleoclimatology, Boulder # and # NOAA Paleoclimatology Program #----------------------------------------------------------------------- # Template Version 4.0 # Encoding: UTF-8 # NOTE: Please cite original publication, NOAA Landing Page URL, dataset and publication DOIs (where available), and date accessed when using downloaded data. # If there is no publication information, please cite investigator, study title, NOAA Landing Page URL, and date accessed. # # Description/Documentation lines begin with '#' followed by a space # Data lines have no '#' # # NOAA_Landing_Page: https://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/paleo/study/34792 # Landing_Page_Description: NOAA Landing Page of this file's parent study, which includes all study metadata. # # Study_Level_JSON_Metadata: https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/pub/data/metadata/published/paleo/json/noaa-coral-34792.json # Study_Level_JSON_Description: JSON metadata of this data file's parent study, which includes all study metadata. # # Data_Type: Corals and Sclerosponges # # Dataset_DOI: https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5706493 # # Science_Keywords: Hurricanes and Tropical Cyclones Reconstruction #--------------------------------------- # Resource_Links # # Data_Download_Resource: https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/coral/south_china_sea/tao2021/tao2021_d18o-ch5.txt # Data_Download_Description: NOAA Template File; CH5 Coral d18O Data # #--------------------------------------- # Contribution_Date # Date: 2021-12-03 #--------------------------------------- # File_Last_Modified_Date # Date: 2021-12-03 #--------------------------------------- # Title # Study_Name: South China Sea d18O and hurricane data from 1568 to 1965 CE #--------------------------------------- # Investigators # Investigators: Tao, Shichen; Liu,Kam-biu; Yu, Kefu; Shi, Qi; Yan, Hongqiang; Zhang, Huiling;Wang, Luo; Huang, Zhongzhou;Chen, Tegu #--------------------------------------- # Description_Notes_and_Keywords # Description: Beijiao Reef (BJ): 17.0837, 111.5329, ~0 m; Chenghang Island (CH): 16.4471, 111.7067, ~0 m; Huangyan Island (HYD): 15.1045, 117.8015, ~0 m; Lingyang Reef (LYJ): 16.4761, 111.5730, ~0 m; Ganquan Island (GQ): 16.5048, 111.5876, ~0 m # Provided Keywords: Tropical Cyclones, Poleward Shift, Past millennium, Coral d18O, Coral blocks, Northwest Pacific #--------------------------------------- # Publication # Authors: Shichen Tao, Kam-biu Liu, Kefu Yu, Qi Shi, Hongqiang Yan, Huiling Zhang, Luo Wang, Zhongzhou Huang, Tegu Chen # Published_Date_or_Year: 2021 # Published_Title: Poleward Shift in Tropical Cyclone Tracks in the Northwest Pacific during Warm Periods: Past and Future # Journal_Name: Paleoceanography and Paleoclimatology # Volume: 36 # Edition: # Issue: # Pages: e2021PA004367 # Report_Number: # DOI: https://doi.org/10.1029/2021PA004367 # Online_Resource: https://agupubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1029/2021PA004367 # Full_Citation: # Abstract: We used the top age of storm-relocated coral blocks (SRCBs) from Xisha Islands and Huangyan Island, South China Sea (SCS), Northwestern Pacific region (NWP), in combination with existing paleotempestology records and instrumental climatic data, to reconstruct the spatio-temporal changes in tropical cyclone (TC) activity over the past millennium, and to project its future trends in the NWP. We found a positive correlation between the frequencies of TCs, typhoons, and super-typhoons and the NINO3.4 on the interannual timescale during 1945-2019. TCs latitude has a significant positive correlation with SST, with a northward migration rate of 80 ± 11 km per decade, equivalent to a northward migration rate of 606 ± 82 km per 1ºC increase during 1951-2019. Coral d18O can well indicate the month of paleo-TCs occurrence. The frequency of SRCBs (and by inference, TCs) is relatively low during relatively warm periods (RWP) but high during relatively cold periods (RCP) in the SCS. The spatio-temporal pattern inferred from paleotempestology records further supports the notion of North-South migration in TC activity as revealed by the instrumental record in this study. TC activity mainly affected relatively low latitudes (e.g., Philippines, Vietnam, and Hainan, Guangdong, Taiwan) during the RCP (AD 1450-1900), but it migrated from low latitudes towards higher latitudes during the RWP (AD 1000-1450), affecting locations such as Zhejiang, Jiangsu, and Shandong, southwestern Japan, the Korean Peninsula, and even Northeast China. Fujian and northern Guangdong may be in a transition zone of paleo-TC activity between the North and the South in the past millennium. As global warming continues, the mean tracks and landfall locations of TCs will continue to migrate northward in this region. #--------------------------------------- # Funding_Agency # Funding_Agency_Name: # Grant: #--------------------------------------- # Site_Information # Site_Name: Chenghang Island - ch5 # Location: The South China Sea # Northernmost_Latitude: 16.4471 # Southernmost_Latitude: 16.4471 # Easternmost_Longitude: 111.7067 # Westernmost_Longitude: 111.7067 # Elevation_m: 0 #--------------------------------------- # Data_Collection # Collection_Name: CH5_d18O_Tao2021 # First_Year: 1568 # Last_Year: 1573 # Time_Unit: year Common Era # Core_Length_m: # Parameter_Keywords: oxygen isotopes # Notes: #--------------------------------------- # Chronology_Information # Chronology: # The results of U-Th dating (with 2σ error) of samples of fossil Porites corals #Sample U (ppm) ±2o 232Th (×10-9 g/g) ±2o 230Th/232Th ±2o 230Th/238U ±2o 234U/238U ±2o Uncorrected 230Th Age ±o? Corrected 230Th Age ±2o Age (AD) ±2o Initial 234 U/238 U ±2o Top age (AD) ±o #BJ-1 2.7193 0.0019 0.238 0 56.79 0.7 0.00164 0.00002 1.1456 0.0007 155.8 1.9 154 2 1862 2 1.1457 0.0007 1892 2 #BJ-2-1 2.8214 0.001 0.317 0.001 38 0.49 0.00141 0.000018 1.1448 0.0011 134.1 1.7 131 2 1885 2 1.1449 0.0011 1906 2 #CH-4-1 2.3785 0.0008 0.06 0 430.02 4.08 0.0038 0.000033 1.147 0.0013 364.8 3.2 364 3 1650 3 1.1472 0.0013 1674 3 #CH-5 2.4526 0.0009 0.58 0.001 63.04 0.43 0.0049 0.000033 1.1467 0.0008 471.5 3.2 465 4 1549 4 1.1469 0.0008 1573 4 #HYD-1 2.5067 0.0014 0.131 0.001 221 2.2 0.00381 0.000031 1.1461 0.0011 362.8 3 361 3 1655 3 1.1463 0.0011 1729 3 #HYD-2 2.0099 0.0009 0.053 0 518.1 7 0.00449 0.000053 1.1447 0.001 428.6 5.1 428 5 1588 5 1.1449 0.001 1680 5 #HYD-3 2.5216 0.0009 0.1 0.001 408.2 4.6 0.00535 0.000054 1.1456 0.0007 510.7 5.1 510 5 1506 5 1.1458 0.0007 1576 5 #HYD-5-1 2.3164 0.0008 0.244 0 40.4 0.7 0.0014 0.000023 1.1457 0.0009 133.2 2.2 130 3 1886 3 1.1458 0.0009 1913 3 #HYD-6-2 2.4837 0.001 0.28 0.001 224.3 1.1 0.008343 0.000037 1.146 0.0008 797 4 794 2 1221 4 1.1464 0.0008 1261 4 #LYJ-7 2.7335 0.0008 0.47 0.001 46.39 0.31 0.0026 0.000017 1.1472 0.0009 251.6 1.6 247 3 1767 3 1.1474 0.0009 1792 3 #LYJ-9 2.6647 0.0009 0.17 0 40 0.46 0.000827 0.000009 1.1464 0.0012 79 1 77 1 1938 1 1.1465 0.0012 1962 1 #LYJ-10 2.7077 0.0006 0.55 0.001 36.53 0.34 0.0025 0.000023 1.1474 0.0009 234.2 2.2 229 3 1785 3 1.1475 0.0009 1859 3 #LYJ-12 2.388 0.0009 0.1 0 51.27 0.84 0.0007 0.000012 1.145 0.0008 70.2 1.1 69 1 1945 1 1.1451 0.0008 1965 1 #LYJ-13 2.5349 0.0009 0.39 0.001 18.4 0.28 0.0009 0.000014 1.1471 0.0008 87.8 1.3 84 2 1930 2 1.1472 0.0008 1963 2 #LYJ-14 2.5587 0.0012 0.19 0 30.52 0.83 0.000757 0.00002 1.1474 0.001 72 2 70 2 1945 2 1.1475 0.001 1965 2 #GQ-2 2.4855 0.0008 0.33 0 193.61 1.1 0.008571 0.000047 1.1466 0.0009 818 5 815 5 1200 5 1.1469 0.001 1257 5 # Ratios are activity ratios calculated from atomic ratios using decay constants of Cheng et al. (2000). All values have been corrected for laboratory procedural blanks. Uncorrected 230Th age (a) was calculated using Isoplot/EX 3.0 program (Ludwig, 2003), where a denotes year. NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN # Cheng, H., Edwards, R. L., Hoff, J., Gallup, C. D., Richards, D. A., & Asmerom, Y. (2000). The half-lives of uranium-234 and thorium-230, Chemical Geology, 169(1), 17-33. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0009-2541(99)00157-6 NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN # Ludwig, K. R. (2003). User`s Manual for Isoplot/Ex, Version 3.00. A Geochronological Toolkit for Microsoft Excel, Berkeley Geochronology Center Special Publication, 4(2), 1-70. NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN # #--------------------------------------- # Variables # PaST_Thesaurus_Download_Resource: https://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/paleo/skos/past-thesaurus.rdf # PaST_Thesaurus_Download_Description: Paleoenvironmental Standard Terms (PaST) Thesaurus terms, definitions, and relationships in SKOS format. # # Data variables follow that are preceded by "##" in columns one and two. # Variables list, one per line, shortname-tab-var components: what, material, error, units, seasonality, data type, detail, method, C or N for Character or Numeric data) # ## Age age,,,year Common Era,,corals and sclerosponges ,,inductively-coupled plasma mass spectrometry,N, ## d18O delta 18O,porites sp.,,per mil,,corals and sclerosponges ,,inductively-coupled plasma mass spectrometry,N, #------------------------ # Data: # Data lines follow (have no #) # Data line format - tab-delimited text, variable short name as header # Missing_Values: NA Age d18O 1573.458 NA 1573.375 NA 1573.292 -5.037 1573.208 -4.894 1573.125 -4.795 1573.042 -4.742 1572.958 -4.847 1572.875 -4.996 1572.792 -5.171 1572.708 -5.343 1572.625 -5.474 1572.542 -5.519 1572.458 -5.778 1572.375 -5.665 1572.292 -5.531 1572.208 -5.393 1572.125 -5.159 1572.042 -4.865 1571.958 -4.912 1571.875 -5.018 1571.792 -5.169 1571.708 -5.349 1571.625 -5.444 1571.542 -5.485 1571.458 -5.522 1571.375 -5.606 1571.292 -5.755 1571.208 -5.495 1571.125 -5.069 1571.042 -4.720 1570.958 -4.835 1570.875 -5.044 1570.792 -5.197 1570.708 -5.297 1570.625 -5.407 1570.542 -5.544 1570.458 -5.622 1570.375 -5.386 1570.292 -5.209 1570.208 -5.045 1570.125 -4.795 1570.042 -4.658 1569.958 -5.020 1569.875 -5.293 1569.792 -5.346 1569.708 -5.437 1569.625 -5.557 1569.542 -5.631 1569.458 -5.669 1569.375 -5.540 1569.292 -5.427 1569.208 -5.335 1569.125 -5.248 1569.042 -5.163 1568.958 -5.181 1568.875 -5.198 1568.792 NA 1568.708 NA