# Ogasawara Coral Data and Salinity Reconstruction #----------------------------------------------------------------------- # World Data Center for Paleoclimatology, Boulder # and # NOAA Paleoclimatology Program #----------------------------------------------------------------------- # NOTE: Please cite Publication, and Online_Resource and date accessed when using these data. # If there is no publication information, please cite Investigators, Title, and Online_Resource and date accessed. # # Online_Resource: https://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/paleo/study/8608 # # Original_Source_URL: http://www1.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/coral/west_pacific/ogasawara2009.txt # # Description/Documentation lines begin with # # Data lines have no # # # Archive: Corals and Sclerosponges #-------------------- # Contribution_Date # Date: 2010-08-01 #-------------------- # Title # Study_Name: Ogasawara Coral Data and Salinity Reconstruction #-------------------- # Investigators # Investigators: Felis, T.; Suzuki, A.; Kuhnert, H.; Dima, M.; Lohmann, G.; Kawahata, H. #-------------------- # Description_and_Notes # Description: Two annually resolved reconstructions of d18O seawater (salinity) variations in the surface waters of the western subtropical North Pacific Ocean were generated by combining the annual average coral d18O record with the Sr/Ca and U/Ca records, respectively. Core OGA-02-1 was drilled vertically through a living Porites coral at Miyanohama on the north coast of Chichijima in the Ogasawara Islands (Japan), located in the southwestward return flow of the Kuroshio recirculation system. The massive colony, growing at 5.6 m water depth on the island's northern side (27� 6.355� N, 142� 11.645� E), is directly exposed to open-ocean conditions. The core is without gap over its total length of 1.74 m. Individual segments fit seamlessly. The bimonthly resolved records of d18O, Sr/Ca, and U/Ca generated from the coral skeleton show clear annual cycles that can be counted back to the year 1873. This age model is corroborated by the skeletal pattern of annual density-band pairs as revealed by X-radiographs. #-------------------- # Publication # Authors: Felis, T.; Suzuki, A.; Kuhnert, H.; Dima, M.; Lohmann, G.; Kawahata, H. # Published_Date_or_Year: 2009 # Published_Title: Subtropical coral reveals abrupt early-twentieth-century freshening in the western North Pacific Ocean. # Journal_Name: Geology # Volume: 37 # Edition: # Issue: 6 # Pages: 527-530 # DOI: 10.1130/G25581A.1 # Online_Resource: # Full_Citation: Felis, T., A. Suzuki, H. Kuhnert, M. Dima, G. Lohmann, and H. Kawahata. 2009. Subtropical coral reveals abrupt early-twentieth-century freshening in the western North Pacific Ocean. Geology, Vol. 37, No. 6, pp. 527-530, June 2009. doi:10.1130/G25581A.1 # Abstract: Instrumental climate observations provide robust records of global land and ocean temperatures during the twentieth century. Unlike for temperature, continuous salinity observations in the surface ocean are scarce prior to 1970, and the magnitude of salinity changes during the twentieth century is largely unknown. Surface ocean salinity is a major component in climate dynamics, as it influences ocean circulation and water mass formation. Here we present an annually resolved reconstruction of salinity variations in the surface waters of the western subtropical North Pacific Ocean since 1873, based on bimonthly records of d18O, Sr/Ca, and U/Ca in a coral from the Ogasawara Islands. The reconstruction indicates that an abrupt regime shift toward fresher surface ocean conditions occurred between 1905 and 1910. Observational atmospheric data suggest that the abrupt freshening was associated with a weakening of the winds that drive the Kuroshio Current system and the associated subtropical gyre circulation. We note that the abrupt early-twentieth-century freshening in the western subtropical North Pacific precedes abrupt climate change in the northern North Atlantic by a few years. The potential for abrupt regime shifts in surface ocean salinity should be considered in climate predictions for the coming decades. #------------------ # Funding_Agency # Funding_Agency_Name: Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft through DFG Research Center/Cluster of Excellence "The Ocean in the Earth System", University of Bremen, Germany # Grant: #------------------ # Funding_Agency # Funding_Agency_Name: Ministry of the Environment, Japan # Grant: #------------------ # Funding_Agency # Funding_Agency_Name: Alexander von Humboldt Foundation, Germany # Grant: #------------------ # Site_Information # Site_Name: Miyanohama (Chichijima) reef, Ogasawara Islands, Japan # Location: Asia>Eastern Asia>Japan # Country: Japan # Northernmost_Latitude: 27.106 # Southernmost_Latitude: 27.106 # Easternmost_Longitude: 142.194 # Westernmost_Longitude: 142.194 # Elevation: -5.6 m #------------------ # Data_Collection # Collection_Name: 09japa01b # Earliest_Year: 1873 # Most_Recent_Year: 1994 # Time_Unit: AD # Core_Length: 1.74 m # Notes: #------------------ # Species # Species_Name: Porites sp. # Common_Name: #------------------ # Chronology_Information # Chronology: # #---------------- # Variables # # Data variables follow that are preceded by "##" in columns one and two. # Data line variables format: Variables list, one per line, shortname-tab-longname-tab-longname components (9 components: what, material, error, units, seasonality, archive, detail, method, C or N for Character or Numeric data) # ##age age, , ,years AD, , , , ,N ##d18O delta 18O, Porites sp., , permil VPDB, , Corals and Sclerosponges, , ,N ##Sr/Ca Strontium/Calcium, Porites sp., ,mmol/mol, ,Corals and Sclerosponges, , ,N ##U/Ca Uranium/Calcium, Porites sp., ,�mol/mol, ,Corals and Sclerosponges, , ,N ##d18O_Sr/Ca delta 18O, seawater, ,permil, , Corals and Sclerosponges, anomalized, coral d18O and Sr/Ca, N ##d18O_U/Ca delta 18O, seawater, ,permil, , Corals and Sclerosponges, anomalized, coral d18O and U/Ca, N ##d13C delta 13C, Porites sp., ,permil VPDB, , Corals and Sclerosponges, , ,N ##ext growth rate, Porites sp., , cm/year, , Corals and Sclerosponges, , ,N # #---------------- # Data: # Data lines follow (have no #) # Data line format - tab-delimited text, variable short name as header # Missing Values: NAN # age d18O Sr/Ca U/Ca d18O_Sr/Ca d18O_U/Ca d13C ext 1873 -3.90 9.15 1.23 0.44 0.56 -1.67 0.800 1874 -3.99 9.15 1.24 0.35 0.44 -1.52 0.750 1875 -3.91 9.15 1.27 0.43 0.44 -1.26 0.875 1876 -4.13 9.12 1.26 0.25 0.25 -1.57 0.750 1877 -4.04 9.14 1.30 0.31 0.24 -1.02 0.675 1878 -4.28 9.07 1.24 0.18 0.15 -1.48 0.700 1879 -4.24 9.09 1.24 0.19 0.19 -1.59 0.875 1880 -4.22 9.11 1.23 0.18 0.24 -2.02 0.700 1881 -4.04 9.11 1.22 0.36 0.44 -1.97 1.050 1882 -4.18 9.14 1.27 0.17 0.17 -1.44 1.050 1883 -4.12 9.14 1.29 0.23 0.18 -1.33 1.075 1884 -4.13 9.06 1.25 0.34 0.28 -1.30 0.950 1885 -4.05 9.11 1.26 0.35 0.33 -1.38 0.925 1886 -4.12 9.08 1.24 0.32 0.31 -1.48 0.900 1887 -4.04 9.12 1.28 0.34 0.29 -1.57 1.150 1888 -4.23 9.08 1.24 0.21 0.20 -1.50 1.050 1889 -4.33 8.99 1.22 0.25 0.15 -1.44 1.025 1890 -4.33 9.03 1.20 0.19 0.20 -1.51 1.300 1891 -4.17 9.04 1.21 0.33 0.34 -1.47 1.000 1892 -4.04 9.03 1.23 0.48 0.42 -1.16 1.025 1893 -3.95 9.10 1.25 0.46 0.46 -1.04 0.800 1894 -4.03 9.13 1.27 0.34 0.32 -0.98 0.800 1895 -4.13 9.19 1.31 0.14 0.12 -1.15 1.100 1896 -4.11 9.08 1.26 0.33 0.27 -1.25 1.100 1897 -4.11 9.04 1.26 0.39 0.27 -1.39 1.150 1898 -4.06 9.08 1.27 0.38 0.29 -1.03 1.050 1899 -4.08 9.04 1.26 0.42 0.30 -0.87 0.925 1900 -4.30 9.01 1.22 0.25 0.18 -1.49 1.125 1901 -4.26 8.97 1.21 0.35 0.25 -1.74 0.875 1902 -4.21 9.07 1.27 0.25 0.14 -1.84 0.950 1903 -4.16 9.01 1.24 0.39 0.27 -1.47 1.050 1904 -4.27 9.01 1.19 0.28 0.29 -1.61 0.900 1905 -4.15 9.02 1.21 0.38 0.36 -1.73 1.075 1906 -4.11 9.05 1.28 0.38 0.22 -1.67 1.200 1907 -4.31 9.10 1.24 0.10 0.12 -1.78 1.125 1908 -4.27 9.10 1.25 0.14 0.14 -1.96 1.150 1909 -4.45 9.06 1.25 0.02 -0.04 -1.59 1.200 1910 -4.55 9.04 1.22 -0.05 -0.07 -1.61 0.950 1911 -4.56 9.09 1.25 -0.13 -0.15 -1.57 1.000 1912 -4.44 9.12 1.25 -0.06 -0.03 -1.97 1.275 1913 -4.34 9.13 1.26 0.03 0.04 -2.05 1.450 1914 -4.39 9.11 1.25 0.01 0.02 -1.96 1.275 1915 -4.46 9.14 1.27 -0.11 -0.11 -1.96 1.450 1916 -4.50 9.11 1.26 -0.10 -0.12 -1.91 1.175 1917 -4.45 9.12 1.27 -0.07 -0.10 -1.81 1.275 1918 -4.49 9.08 1.25 -0.05 -0.08 -1.67 1.350 1919 -4.49 9.10 1.26 -0.08 -0.11 -1.92 1.275 1920 -4.39 9.14 1.27 -0.04 -0.04 -2.09 1.400 1921 -4.31 9.18 1.27 -0.02 0.04 -2.15 1.525 1922 -4.33 9.16 1.28 -0.01 0.00 -2.20 1.275 1923 -4.58 9.03 1.23 -0.06 -0.12 -1.87 1.300 1924 -4.58 9.05 1.24 -0.09 -0.15 -2.03 1.300 1925 -4.42 9.15 1.29 -0.08 -0.12 -2.12 1.200 1926 -4.43 9.14 1.29 -0.08 -0.13 -2.02 1.200 1927 -4.40 9.15 1.30 -0.06 -0.12 -2.03 1.100 1928 -4.30 9.17 1.31 0.01 -0.05 -2.09 1.300 1929 -4.47 9.08 1.24 -0.03 -0.04 -2.01 1.200 1930 -4.42 9.09 1.26 0.01 -0.04 -2.00 1.500 1931 -4.42 9.07 1.24 0.04 0.01 -2.07 1.250 1932 -4.49 9.06 1.26 -0.02 -0.11 -1.99 1.325 1933 -4.45 9.13 1.28 -0.08 -0.12 -2.03 1.325 1934 -4.32 9.17 1.31 -0.01 -0.07 -1.72 1.275 1935 -4.35 9.18 1.32 -0.06 -0.12 -1.63 1.225 1936 -4.38 9.16 1.29 -0.06 -0.08 -1.81 1.150 1937 -4.32 9.19 1.30 -0.05 -0.04 -1.82 1.375 1938 -4.31 9.19 1.31 -0.04 -0.06 -2.29 1.525 1939 -4.24 9.19 1.32 0.03 -0.01 -2.15 1.250 1940 -4.26 9.15 1.29 0.08 0.04 -1.73 1.175 1941 -4.37 9.13 1.26 0.00 0.01 -1.89 1.175 1942 -4.41 9.08 1.26 0.03 -0.03 -2.23 1.400 1943 -4.44 9.16 1.29 -0.12 -0.14 -2.28 1.500 1944 -4.23 9.19 1.30 0.04 0.05 -2.30 1.400 1945 -4.45 9.16 1.28 -0.13 -0.12 -2.17 0.950 1946 -4.25 9.17 1.30 0.06 0.03 -2.48 1.575 1947 -4.41 9.11 1.26 -0.01 -0.03 -2.44 1.200 1948 -4.37 9.09 1.25 0.06 0.04 -2.51 1.425 1949 -4.37 9.04 1.22 0.13 0.11 -2.51 1.125 1950 -4.41 9.11 1.25 -0.01 0.00 -2.30 1.400 1951 -4.45 9.06 1.25 0.02 -0.04 -2.33 1.425 1952 -4.42 9.06 1.25 0.05 -0.01 -2.27 1.250 1953 -4.38 9.07 1.24 0.08 0.05 -2.33 1.350 1954 -4.65 8.99 1.18 -0.07 -0.07 -2.22 1.175 1955 -4.53 9.02 1.20 0.00 0.00 -2.30 1.375 1956 -4.40 9.09 1.25 0.03 0.01 -2.27 1.300 1957 -4.26 9.10 1.25 0.15 0.15 -2.36 1.350 1958 -4.34 9.07 1.20 0.12 0.19 -2.32 1.500 1959 -4.28 9.06 1.20 0.19 0.25 -2.41 1.175 1960 -4.33 9.11 1.22 0.07 0.15 -2.44 1.250 1961 -4.26 9.08 1.21 0.18 0.25 -2.08 1.400 1962 -4.35 9.06 1.21 0.12 0.16 -1.69 1.200 1963 -4.30 9.06 1.21 0.17 0.21 -1.84 1.200 1964 -4.27 9.10 1.25 0.14 0.14 -2.13 1.400 1965 -4.45 9.10 1.24 -0.04 -0.02 -2.32 1.350 1966 -4.42 9.11 1.30 -0.02 -0.14 -2.03 1.325 1967 -4.41 9.13 1.32 -0.04 -0.18 -1.87 1.200 1968 -4.41 9.07 1.28 0.05 -0.08 -1.99 1.225 1969 -4.39 9.11 1.27 0.01 -0.04 -2.08 1.250 1970 -4.44 9.04 1.23 0.06 0.02 -1.88 1.075 1971 -4.50 9.09 1.26 -0.07 -0.12 -2.03 1.050 1972 -4.39 9.07 1.26 0.07 -0.01 -2.04 1.250 1973 -4.47 9.02 1.22 0.06 0.01 -1.90 1.075 1974 -4.58 9.00 1.20 -0.02 -0.05 -2.01 1.225 1975 -4.41 9.13 1.28 -0.04 -0.08 -2.04 1.025 1976 -4.55 9.08 1.25 -0.11 -0.14 -2.23 1.275 1977 -4.46 9.12 1.27 -0.08 -0.11 -2.60 1.500 1978 -4.38 9.06 1.22 0.09 0.10 -2.31 1.400 1979 -4.37 9.07 1.21 0.09 0.14 -2.40 1.100 1980 -4.45 9.11 1.25 -0.05 -0.04 -2.23 1.150 1981 -4.31 9.17 1.27 0.00 0.04 -2.23 1.225 1982 -4.31 9.24 1.37 -0.11 -0.21 -2.15 1.175 1983 -4.45 9.15 1.29 -0.11 -0.15 -2.45 1.625 1984 -4.25 9.20 1.29 0.01 0.05 -1.83 0.975 1985 -4.31 9.19 1.31 -0.04 -0.06 -2.34 1.525 1986 -4.21 9.17 1.28 0.10 0.12 -2.25 1.275 1987 -4.25 9.15 1.26 0.09 0.13 -2.28 1.375 1988 -4.38 9.18 1.26 -0.09 0.00 -2.55 1.425 1989 -4.29 9.22 1.32 -0.06 -0.06 -2.88 1.625 1990 -4.47 9.06 1.26 0.00 -0.09 -2.42 1.100 1991 -4.48 9.12 1.28 -0.10 -0.15 -2.94 1.525 1992 -4.36 9.11 1.22 0.04 0.12 -3.11 1.350 1993 -4.53 8.96 1.16 0.09 0.10 -2.97 1.275 1994 -4.53 9.07 1.22 -0.07 -0.05 -2.98 1.650