# Central Great Barrier Reef, Porites spp. trace metals 1983-1998 CE #----------------------------------------------------------------------- # World Data Service for Paleoclimatology, Boulder # and # NOAA Paleoclimatology Program #----------------------------------------------------------------------- # Template Version 4.0 # Encoding: UTF-8 # NOTE: Please cite original publication, NOAA Landing Page URL, dataset and publication DOIs (where available), and date accessed when using downloaded data. # If there is no publication information, please cite investigator, study title, NOAA Landing Page URL, and date accessed. # # Description/Documentation lines begin with '#' followed by a space # Data lines have no '#' # # NOAA_Landing_Page: https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/access/paleo-search/study/39021 # Landing_Page_Description: NOAA Landing Page of this file's parent study, which includes all study metadata. # # Study_Level_JSON_Metadata: https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/pub/data/metadata/published/paleo/json/noaa-coral-39021.json # Study_Level_JSON_Description: JSON metadata of this data file's parent study, which includes all study metadata. # # Data_Type: Corals and Sclerosponges # # Dataset_DOI: 10.25921/p7g3-qc81 # # Science_Keywords: #--------------------------------------- # Resource_Links # # Data_Download_Resource: https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/coral/west_pacific/great_barrier/fallon2003/fallon2003-myrmidon2-metals.txt # Data_Download_Description: NOAA Template File; Myrmidon2 Trace Metals Data # #--------------------------------------- # Contribution_Date # Date: 2024-02-12 #--------------------------------------- # File_Last_Modified_Date # Date: 2025-06-30 #--------------------------------------- # Title # Study_Name: Central Great Barrier Reef, Porites spp. trace metals 1983-1998 CE #--------------------------------------- # Investigators # Investigators: Fallon, S.J. (https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8064-5903); McCulloch, M.T. (https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1538-1558); Alibert, C. (https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9113-7365) #--------------------------------------- # Description_Notes_and_Keywords # Description: Contributed as part of the Great Barrier Reef Coral Skeletal Records Database (GBRCD). # Provided Keywords: Great Barrier Reef, Coral Geochemistry, Sea Surface Temperature, LA-ICP-MS #--------------------------------------- # Publication # Authors: Fallon, S.J., McCulloch, M.T., Alibert, C. # Published_Date_or_Year: 2003 # Published_Title: Examining water temperature proxies in Porites corals from the Great Barrier Reef: a cross-shelf comparison # Journal_Name: Coral Reefs # Volume: 22 # Edition: # Issue: 4 # Pages: 389–404 # Report_Number: # DOI: 10.1007/s00338-003-0322-5 # Online_Resource: # Full_Citation: # Abstract: Cores from colonies of the coral species Porites sp. were collected from inshore, mid-shelf, and outer reef localities (central Great Barrier Reef) to test the robustness of the major elemental sea surface temperature (SST) proxies (B/Ca, Mg/Ca, Sr/Ca, U/Ca) to the influence of inshore processes. Time series analyses of Sr/Ca, U/Ca, B/Ca, and Mg/Ca are compared to sea surface temperature (SST) in order to provide calibrations for these elements. This study shows that there are significant variations between the corals with respect to some of the proxies. In some cases, variations of ~6 °C are observed for a single U/Ca value. This magnitude of variation is also seen in the Mg/Ca proxy and, to a smaller extent, in the B/Ca–SST relationship. In two of the corals, both Mg/Ca and U/Ca do not follow a seasonal signal. The Mg/Ca and U/Ca ratios for two inshore corals are significantly different than the offshore corals (lower and higher, respectively). The other two proxies (B/Ca and Sr/Ca) do not display any inshore vs. offshore variations except for one inshore site that did not have a clear seasonal signal for either of these proxies. The Sr/Ca–SST relationship is the most robust, with a temperature variation of ~2 °C for a single Sr/Ca value, which is within error for this technique. #--------------------------------------- # Publication # Authors: Fallon, S.J. # Published_Date_or_Year: 2000 # Published_Title: Environmental Records from Corals and Coralline Sponges # Journal_Name: # Volume: # Edition: # Issue: # Pages: # Report_Number: # DOI: 10.25911/5d778a502c764 # Online_Resource: # Full_Citation: Fallon, S.J. (2000), ‘Environmental Records from Corals and Coralline Sponges’, PhD Thesis, Australian National University, https://doi.org/10.25911/5d778a502c764. # Abstract: This research centers on the extraction of environmental information stored in the calcium carbonate skeletons of corals (Porites) and coralline sponges (Astrosclera willeyana). Elemental variations are measured in these samples using laser ablation inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry. During this project, techniques were refined and developed to quantitatively measure major (B, Mg, Sr, Ba, U) and minor (Mn, Zn, Pb, REE’s) elemental abundances in corals and coralline sponges. This method was used to extract seasonal records from a high latitude coral living at its limits of cold-water tolerance in Japan. Seasonal cycles of major elements (B, Mg, Sr, U) were calibrated against in situ instrumental temperature monitors. Calibrations were in good agreement with other published reports. This coral also recorded wind-induced upwelling (both annual and El Nin~o related) by increases in the Ba/Ca ratio. The trace element annual patterns and slow growth rate also indicated that this coral had very slow/no extension during the cold winter months when water temperature was below 18 oC. Cores from Porites sp. coral colonies were also collected from inshore, mid-shelf and outer reef localities (central Great Barrier Reef) to test the robustness of the major elemental SST and runoff proxies (B/Ca, Mg/Ca, Sr/Ca, Ba/Ca, U/Ca). The inshore reefs selected for this study are heavily influenced by river runoff whereas the mid-reef and outer-reef locations are not. It is shown that Ba/Ca provides an excellent proxy for river runoff. Time series analyses of Sr/Ca, U/Ca, B/Ca and Mg/Ca are compared to in situ sea surface temperature (SST) and/or IGOSS NMC weekly satellite SST to provide calibrations for these elements. Previous workers have noted differences in the calibration of Sr/Ca vs. SST; this LA-ICP-MS dataset shows a slight variation between different corals. This suggests small-scale intra- coral variability. Both the U/Ca and Mg/Ca have calibrations within error for mid-shelf and outer reef corals but the calibrations differ for the inshore corals. Sr/Ca and B/Ca appear to be the most robust of the elemental temperature proxies in terms of recording water temperature. Measurements of coral manganese suggest a seasonal cycle closely linked to solar radiation and wind. Increased solar radiation may increase the dissolved seawater Mn that result in corals having elevated concentrations of Mn during the summer. The use of corals as recorders of marine pollution was examined on the island of Misima in Papua New Guinea where open-cut gold mining commenced in 1989. This mining caused increased sedimentation affecting the nearby fringing coral reef to varying degrees, causing coral mortality (complete suffocation) in some areas. This sediment is made up of completely weathered quartz feldspar, greenstone and schist. These rocks have distinct chemical constituents (rare earth elements [REE], zinc and lead etc.), which are entering the near-shore environment in considerably higher than normal concentrations. Eight coral colonies (2 from high sedimentation, 2 transitional, 2 minor and 2 unaffected control sites) were analyzed for Mn, Y, La, Ce, Zn and Pb. All sites show low steady “background” levels prior to the commencement of mining. After mine construction began in 1988, all sites aside from the control show dramatic increases of Mn, Y, La, and Ce associated with the increased sedimentation. Zn and Pb increase after 1989 when ore processing began. The concentration of these elements in these corals decreases as the distance from the mine increases. Rare earth elements (REE) measured in two corals suggest a pattern different from “normal” seawater. When the coral REE pattern is compared to seawater an enrichment of the light and middle REE’s appear. The heavy REE’s are depleted relative to the seawater pattern. This suggests the nearshore seawater REE’s are influenced by island weathering. Coralline sponges have been proposed as a new source of tropical paleoclimatic information. Profiles of d13C in coralline sponges have documented (better and more accurately than corals) the atmospheric increase of Due to their very slow growth rates ~0.2 mm yr-1 sponges are better suited to recording and providing long-term environmental information rather than annual information. These sponges appear to smooth the record stored in their skeleton by adding secondary aragonite near the base of the living tissue layer. This smoothing limits their use as annual environmental recorders but still enables their use for decadal or longer environmental fluctuations. Smoothed records of Sr/Ca from five sponges around the Southwest Pacific C associated with increased fossil fuel consumption. suggest that these sponges are able to capture 5 yr. and longer seawater temperature anomalies over the past 50-200 years. The temperature sensitivity of Sr/Ca in sponges is 7 to 12 times larger than corals with ~0.7-0.9 mmol/mol DSr/Ca per oC for sponges compared to ~0.07 mmol/mol DSr/Ca per oC for corals. #--------------------------------------- # Funding_Agency # Funding_Agency_Name: Australian National Universitys # Grant: #--------------------------------------- # Site_Information # Site_Name: Myrmidon Reef # Location: Great Barrier Reef, Australia # Northernmost_Latitude: -18.29 # Southernmost_Latitude: -18.29 # Easternmost_Longitude: 147.36 # Westernmost_Longitude: 147.36 # Elevation_m: -8 #--------------------------------------- # Data_Collection # Collection_Name: Myrmidon2 trace metals Fallon2003 # First_Year: 1988 # Last_Year: 1996 # Time_Unit: year Common Era # Core_Length_m: # Parameter_Keywords: trace metals # Notes: Porites lutea #--------------------------------------- # Chronology_Information # Chronology: #--------------------------------------- # Variables # PaST_Thesaurus_Download_Resource: https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/access/paleo-search/skos/past-thesaurus.rdf # PaST_Thesaurus_Download_Description: Paleoenvironmental Standard Terms (PaST) Thesaurus terms, definitions, and relationships in SKOS format. # # Data variables follow that are preceded by "##" in columns one and two. # Variables list, one per line, shortname-tab-var components: what, material, error, units, seasonality, data type, detail, method, C or N for Character or Numeric data) # ## Distance depth,,,millimeter,,corals and sclerosponges,,,N,Distance from top of coral ## age_CE age,,,year Common Era,,corals and sclerosponges,,,N, ## B/Ca Boron/Calcium,Porites lutea,,mole per mole,,corals and sclerosponges,,inductively-coupled plasma mass spectrometry,N,laser ablation inductively-coupled mass spectrometry ## Mg/Ca Magnesium/Calcium,Porites lutea,,mole per mole,,corals and sclerosponges,,inductively-coupled plasma mass spectrometry,N,laser ablation inductively-coupled mass spectrometry ## Sr/Ca Strontium/Calcium,Porites lutea,,mole per mole,,corals and sclerosponges,,inductively-coupled plasma mass spectrometry,N,laser ablation inductively-coupled mass spectrometry ## Ba/Ca Barium/Calcium,Porites lutea,,mole per mole,,corals and sclerosponges,,inductively-coupled plasma mass spectrometry,N,laser ablation inductively-coupled mass spectrometry ## U/Ca Uranium/Calcium,Porites lutea,,mole per mole,,corals and sclerosponges,,inductively-coupled plasma mass spectrometry,N,laser ablation inductively-coupled mass spectrometry ## Mn Manganese,Porites lutea,,microgram per gram,,corals and sclerosponges,,inductively-coupled plasma mass spectrometry,N,laser ablation inductively-coupled mass spectrometry #------------------------ # Data: # Data lines follow (have no #) # Data line format - tab-delimited text, variable short name as header # Missing_Values: NA Distance age_CE B/Ca Mg/Ca Sr/Ca Ba/Ca U/Ca Mn 0.0000 1996.3288 0.0004125999 0.0045689120 0.0086998027 0.0000087472 0.0000009787 0.1675390000 0.2571 1996.2880 0.0003951639 0.0046638052 0.0086876664 0.0000087170 0.0000009871 0.1358989000 0.5142 1996.2473 0.0004112070 0.0045004707 0.0087105749 0.0000075548 0.0000010495 0.1487590000 0.7713 1996.2065 0.0004318678 0.0043568286 0.0086108182 0.0000066250 0.0000010206 0.1859740000 1.0284 1996.1658 0.0004359283 0.0044031930 0.0088291700 0.0000046055 0.0000010049 0.1567745749 1.2855 1996.1250 0.0004309880 0.0043679301 0.0088152540 0.0000038617 0.0000009964 0.1596617403 1.5426 1996.0843 0.0004115168 0.0041219042 0.0086234810 0.0000041609 0.0000009931 0.1625489057 1.7997 1996.0435 0.0004441429 0.0040399929 0.0087467790 0.0000039950 0.0000010511 0.1164811745 2.0568 1996.0028 0.0004335315 0.0039295404 0.0088437545 0.0000036007 0.0000010925 0.1204424321 2.3139 1995.9620 0.0004106431 0.0036554046 0.0087391557 0.0000032217 0.0000010821 0.1263853375 2.5709 1995.9186 0.0004222081 0.0036373010 0.0088344310 0.0000029695 0.0000011025 0.0972115894 2.8280 1995.8753 0.0004311078 0.0037806477 0.0088939476 0.0000027377 0.0000010528 0.1026415099 3.0851 1995.8319 0.0004424367 0.0038642416 0.0088403551 0.0000032624 0.0000010554 0.1167937377 3.3422 1995.7885 0.0004521243 0.0038804622 0.0087796486 0.0000032351 0.0000011346 0.1289579435 3.5993 1995.7451 0.0004482890 0.0037741168 0.0088241946 0.0000028194 0.0000011031 0.1172139708 3.8564 1995.7018 0.0004513024 0.0037824877 0.0089672711 0.0000034026 0.0000010475 0.1022237796 4.1135 1995.6584 0.0004800955 0.0039566408 0.0089840630 0.0000038371 0.0000011141 0.1182953771 4.3706 1995.6150 0.0005124450 0.0037704141 0.0090651088 0.0000032789 0.0000011732 0.1279860400 4.6277 1995.5817 0.0005113073 0.0040223775 0.0090326091 0.0000034975 0.0000011141 0.1511662967 4.8848 1995.5483 0.0004989958 0.0043534840 0.0090666299 0.0000040720 0.0000010137 0.1543836370 5.1419 1995.5150 0.0004882163 0.0044309017 0.0090412296 0.0000048202 0.0000009734 0.1687400395 5.3990 1995.4817 0.0004826120 0.0042837850 0.0090033290 0.0000049259 0.0000010582 0.1661414870 5.6561 1995.4483 0.0004719473 0.0041307902 0.0089061230 0.0000040814 0.0000010422 0.1532985166 5.9132 1995.4150 0.0004598512 0.0041895433 0.0088138380 0.0000032627 0.0000010116 0.1514742727 6.1703 1995.3817 0.0004538129 0.0042180310 0.0088917987 0.0000037695 0.0000010161 0.1428303421 6.4274 1995.3483 0.0004548332 0.0042986778 0.0089123274 0.0000032587 0.0000010009 0.1665150420 6.6845 1995.3150 0.0004472602 0.0040776230 0.0089406421 0.0000031942 0.0000010457 0.1762283176 6.9416 1995.2817 0.0004419338 0.0042956753 0.0087771418 0.0000033382 0.0000010093 0.1668882638 7.1987 1995.2483 0.0004224180 0.0044925518 0.0087017669 0.0000027853 0.0000009686 0.1778948866 7.4558 1995.2150 0.0004338629 0.0043926981 0.0087880035 0.0000026439 0.0000009974 0.1708177805 7.7128 1995.1817 0.0004248495 0.0042402852 0.0087222067 0.0000029588 0.0000009584 0.1495838574 7.9699 1995.1483 0.0004104613 0.0039407350 0.0086839961 0.0000029162 0.0000010045 0.1734404537 8.2270 1995.1150 0.0004066956 0.0037909638 0.0088601438 0.0000031307 0.0000010645 0.1432540619 8.4841 1995.0550 0.0004241781 0.0036330726 0.0087906889 0.0000026264 0.0000010799 0.1386381690 8.7412 1994.9950 0.0004447849 0.0036697423 0.0087969471 0.0000025993 0.0000011050 0.1602266894 8.9983 1994.9350 0.0004640421 0.0035583183 0.0090545197 0.0000028708 0.0000012530 0.1401984242 9.2554 1994.8750 0.0004737647 0.0035461298 0.0090767061 0.0000030558 0.0000012388 0.1283277414 9.5125 1994.8150 0.0004908384 0.0035936864 0.0091069046 0.0000028225 0.0000012535 0.1223168801 9.7696 1994.7550 0.0005047448 0.0037187383 0.0091058501 0.0000026388 0.0000011894 0.1288082538 10.0267 1994.6950 0.0005138933 0.0037223164 0.0090681365 0.0000025280 0.0000011313 0.1295340006 10.2838 1994.6350 0.0005208724 0.0038347518 0.0092044871 0.0000029679 0.0000011500 0.1259539245 10.5409 1994.5891 0.0004930040 0.0041523233 0.0090976543 0.0000033002 0.0000010755 0.1333699442 10.7980 1994.5432 0.0004837587 0.0042214806 0.0091565645 0.0000031256 0.0000010682 0.1415054293 11.0551 1994.4972 0.0004861265 0.0041345325 0.0090224993 0.0000032850 0.0000010477 0.1411427802 11.3122 1994.4513 0.0004835377 0.0038958281 0.0090684541 0.0000033653 0.0000011964 0.1490834007 11.5693 1994.4054 0.0004823779 0.0040005448 0.0090266309 0.0000028557 0.0000011361 0.1150691652 11.8264 1994.3595 0.0004633553 0.0041395282 0.0089339866 0.0000027489 0.0000010062 0.1513581480 12.0835 1994.3135 0.0004705229 0.0042031988 0.0089634238 0.0000027368 0.0000010290 0.1381259238 12.3406 1994.2676 0.0004822015 0.0041559058 0.0088989875 0.0000026330 0.0000010217 0.1322416800 12.5977 1994.2217 0.0004558126 0.0040818881 0.0089379267 0.0000026253 0.0000010768 0.1417086611 12.8547 1994.1758 0.0004305060 0.0040873068 0.0088070429 0.0000024099 0.0000009807 0.1560380189 13.1118 1994.1298 0.0004453373 0.0041215583 0.0087720548 0.0000023482 0.0000010072 0.1611344718 13.3689 1994.0839 0.0004344980 0.0039993116 0.0087162324 0.0000022353 0.0000010074 0.1822150697 13.6260 1994.0380 0.0004177006 0.0040094012 0.0089075030 0.0000022173 0.0000010236 0.1870583511 13.8831 1993.9842 0.0004335771 0.0039127686 0.0087993974 0.0000024301 0.0000010816 0.1801282201 14.1402 1993.9304 0.0004287704 0.0039986243 0.0086954325 0.0000022898 0.0000010197 0.1955020982 14.3973 1993.8766 0.0004352708 0.0040832651 0.0087080776 0.0000029487 0.0000009797 0.1873488241 14.6544 1993.8228 0.0004731097 0.0043758874 0.0089673018 0.0000032856 0.0000010069 0.1483485740 14.9115 1993.7690 0.0004618635 0.0040921216 0.0088717825 0.0000028949 0.0000010316 0.1365370973 15.1686 1993.7152 0.0004876329 0.0042193551 0.0089663338 0.0000028831 0.0000010628 0.1243104857 15.4257 1993.6614 0.0004911315 0.0039842710 0.0089975868 0.0000029831 0.0000011101 0.1340778309 15.6828 1993.6076 0.0004789980 0.0037244031 0.0089804322 0.0000028346 0.0000011703 0.1400203668 15.9399 1993.5538 0.0004893688 0.0036522807 0.0091033263 0.0000030306 0.0000011520 0.1315399319 16.1970 1993.5000 0.0005310434 0.0041172745 0.0091697628 0.0000030667 0.0000011013 0.1322434710 16.4541 1993.4720 0.0005138542 0.0040769601 0.0091590770 0.0000034299 0.0000011037 0.1322998483 16.7112 1993.4441 0.0004972280 0.0041249152 0.0090814932 0.0000032018 0.0000010782 0.1444878006 16.9683 1993.4161 0.0005123864 0.0040742485 0.0091541452 0.0000029486 0.0000011048 0.1219043816 17.2254 1993.3881 0.0005084723 0.0042917884 0.0090737825 0.0000029896 0.0000010321 0.1290153735 17.4825 1993.3602 0.0004888528 0.0042389813 0.0089818844 0.0000030781 0.0000010468 0.1294093846 17.7396 1993.3322 0.0004964267 0.0042115319 0.0091030438 0.0000030647 0.0000010005 0.1229505319 17.9966 1993.3042 0.0004671627 0.0040585201 0.0089703195 0.0000027379 0.0000010001 0.1443202345 18.2537 1993.2762 0.0004712531 0.0039527376 0.0089280776 0.0000029835 0.0000010113 0.1587316849 18.5108 1993.2483 0.0004447343 0.0040328534 0.0088769570 0.0000027553 0.0000010107 0.2154415460 18.7679 1993.2203 0.0004233221 0.0039660157 0.0088920483 0.0000026028 0.0000010316 0.2117957018 19.0250 1993.1923 0.0004145261 0.0039714243 0.0088985394 0.0000026624 0.0000009964 0.2068126565 19.2821 1993.1644 0.0003979501 0.0041484610 0.0087931431 0.0000033114 0.0000009795 0.1882516508 19.5392 1993.1364 0.0004069757 0.0045644761 0.0087527850 0.0000032016 0.0000009766 0.1787401179 19.7963 1993.1084 0.0004210319 0.0041023087 0.0088369121 0.0000029764 0.0000010608 0.1861719684 20.0534 1993.0805 0.0004237767 0.0042000232 0.0087420091 0.0000027194 0.0000009750 0.1445039699 20.3105 1993.0525 0.0004214996 0.0041069534 0.0088633461 0.0000031015 0.0000009775 0.1537541559 20.5676 1993.0245 0.0004265902 0.0039259743 0.0088210398 0.0000026306 0.0000010139 0.2113388054 20.8247 1992.9965 0.0004409068 0.0039615379 0.0088417258 0.0000025666 0.0000010146 0.1484215842 21.0818 1992.9686 0.0004143001 0.0037961107 0.0087446318 0.0000027636 0.0000010442 0.1452708435 21.3389 1992.9406 0.0004018596 0.0036318867 0.0087580771 0.0000024105 0.0000010495 0.1292118915 21.5960 1992.9126 0.0003902406 0.0035473036 0.0087840161 0.0000028783 0.0000010808 0.1209900392 21.8531 1992.8847 0.0004205844 0.0039931049 0.0088971127 0.0000036747 0.0000010901 0.1279234922 22.1102 1992.8567 0.0004366267 0.0042208887 0.0088036445 0.0000038985 0.0000010474 0.1274573642 22.3673 1992.8287 0.0004406659 0.0040762576 0.0088813266 0.0000039080 0.0000010965 0.1259062409 22.6244 1992.8008 0.0004456022 0.0043676289 0.0088649795 0.0000034618 0.0000010004 0.1261725702 22.8815 1992.7728 0.0004576897 0.0041672065 0.0088776227 0.0000034930 0.0000010397 0.1413756812 23.1385 1992.7448 0.0004643605 0.0042613875 0.0088316681 0.0000031668 0.0000010106 0.1801669330 23.3956 1992.7168 0.0004594712 0.0040503962 0.0088566596 0.0000030409 0.0000010022 0.1647588835 23.6527 1992.6889 0.0004824027 0.0037613616 0.0090339695 0.0000029219 0.0000010788 0.1801358645 23.9098 1992.6609 0.0004830737 0.0037963658 0.0088861091 0.0000027832 0.0000010558 0.1370744696 24.1669 1992.6329 0.0004871923 0.0038160426 0.0089419214 0.0000027502 0.0000010372 0.1641891925 24.4240 1992.6050 0.0004987813 0.0036995729 0.0089879110 0.0000028440 0.0000010606 0.1445468268 24.6811 1992.5770 0.0005176916 0.0037605449 0.0089443411 0.0000028467 0.0000010830 0.2104403148 24.9382 1992.5225 0.0004983550 0.0036261817 0.0089935483 0.0000028353 0.0000011065 0.3192998206 25.1953 1992.4680 0.0004758919 0.0035899342 0.0090057801 0.0000028428 0.0000011124 0.1636228372 25.4524 1992.4135 0.0004772614 0.0039543420 0.0089734959 0.0000029296 0.0000010504 0.1454317571 25.7095 1992.3590 0.0004498307 0.0041191533 0.0089130338 0.0000026358 0.0000010013 0.1520205679 25.9666 1992.3045 0.0004602190 0.0040048869 0.0089019312 0.0000025849 0.0000010651 0.1279141042 26.2237 1992.2500 0.0004581840 0.0039062970 0.0089024556 0.0000027216 0.0000010763 0.1248069342 26.4808 1992.1955 0.0004387998 0.0034918943 0.0088402518 0.0000025770 0.0000011657 0.1503767568 26.7379 1992.1410 0.0004312389 0.0033601896 0.0087207192 0.0000025280 0.0000011654 0.1318997566 26.9950 1992.0865 0.0004198980 0.0033736881 0.0088002426 0.0000028705 0.0000011479 0.1705493612 27.2521 1992.0320 0.0004156525 0.0036315357 0.0088568988 0.0000039843 0.0000011274 0.3417364035 27.5092 1991.9775 0.0004328588 0.0036756295 0.0089273703 0.0000066116 0.0000011708 0.1484799862 27.7663 1991.9230 0.0004424812 0.0034824730 0.0089089834 0.0000048592 0.0000011741 0.1722554273 28.0234 1991.8685 0.0004849285 0.0037436818 0.0090173163 0.0000032130 0.0000011572 0.1763174014 28.2804 1991.8140 0.0004679540 0.0036423161 0.0089987958 0.0000027372 0.0000011618 0.1679363082 28.5375 1991.7595 0.0004828500 0.0037091105 0.0089986340 0.0000028355 0.0000011546 0.1350295320 28.7946 1991.7050 0.0004987901 0.0036822702 0.0091138849 0.0000032450 0.0000012038 0.1123118336 29.0517 1991.6505 0.0004831022 0.0035404599 0.0091494734 0.0000030241 0.0000011803 0.1300111549 29.3088 1991.5960 0.0005119444 0.0038247508 0.0089863864 0.0000027137 0.0000011468 0.1288384522 29.5659 1991.5520 0.0005099390 0.0037939790 0.0089781365 0.0000025140 0.0000010864 0.1908451386 29.8230 1991.5080 0.0004943992 0.0035885956 0.0090771096 0.0000024829 0.0000011842 0.1599932986 30.0801 1991.4640 0.0004944955 0.0037816668 0.0090346269 0.0000026842 0.0000011712 0.1627555125 30.3372 1991.4200 0.0004676464 0.0038867986 0.0089559803 0.0000026725 0.0000010871 0.1582765177 30.5943 1991.3760 0.0004645608 0.0044051627 0.0089125608 0.0000029698 0.0000010188 0.1741811986 30.8514 1991.3320 0.0004395112 0.0043522033 0.0089533709 0.0000027023 0.0000010299 0.1760305669 31.1085 1991.2880 0.0004360193 0.0042178512 0.0088367612 0.0000024868 0.0000010338 0.1646861810 31.3656 1991.2615 0.0004533161 0.0042187234 0.0089882748 0.0000025484 0.0000010583 0.1763083977 31.6227 1991.2349 0.0004491498 0.0042207906 0.0088700860 0.0000023271 0.0000009540 0.1943475331 31.8798 1991.2084 0.0004402707 0.0040671974 0.0087933811 0.0000021798 0.0000009831 0.1677478643 32.1369 1991.1818 0.0004327473 0.0038451614 0.0088326657 0.0000020003 0.0000009976 0.1598773866 32.3940 1991.1553 0.0004391738 0.0037287304 0.0087508753 0.0000021408 0.0000010179 0.1791808233 32.6511 1991.1288 0.0004193009 0.0034150180 0.0088287386 0.0000022555 0.0000010386 0.1780912354 32.9082 1991.1022 0.0004216009 0.0039858594 0.0087592289 0.0000023538 0.0000009937 0.1604336027 33.1653 1991.0757 0.0004390466 0.0041174773 0.0087929363 0.0000024635 0.0000009930 0.1504169585 33.4223 1991.0492 0.0004270037 0.0039106319 0.0088433963 0.0000034164 0.0000010351 0.1676809458 33.6794 1991.0226 0.0004182524 0.0037893441 0.0088824058 0.0000038688 0.0000010680 0.2722653705 33.9365 1990.9961 0.0004009351 0.0039557557 0.0087120115 0.0000034989 0.0000009868 0.1394500878 34.1936 1990.9695 0.0004115747 0.0036033941 0.0088298852 0.0000036292 0.0000010656 0.1782175795 34.4507 1990.9430 0.0004030756 0.0034883121 0.0087641823 0.0000031969 0.0000010442 0.1664956899 34.7078 1990.8707 0.0004495010 0.0036553411 0.0089699574 0.0000032184 0.0000011059 0.1904383966 34.9649 1990.7983 0.0004720758 0.0035820087 0.0089913086 0.0000036735 0.0000011773 0.1617849050 35.2220 1990.7260 0.0004525586 0.0036044476 0.0089946418 0.0000029315 0.0000011309 0.1211733682 35.4791 1990.6537 0.0004807962 0.0035573841 0.0089888259 0.0000028529 0.0000011075 0.1470651630 35.7362 1990.5813 0.0004848881 0.0035312301 0.0089012394 0.0000026803 0.0000011347 0.1530273144 35.9933 1990.5090 0.0004904592 0.0036394530 0.0090261353 0.0000028717 0.0000011567 0.2125069001 36.2504 1990.4796 0.0004859003 0.0039853370 0.0089865172 0.0000025209 0.0000010295 0.1555317222 36.5075 1990.4501 0.0004781095 0.0037914107 0.0090086713 0.0000026347 0.0000011033 0.1812099498 36.7646 1990.4207 0.0004659110 0.0038282395 0.0090692420 0.0000027166 0.0000010934 0.1815350333 37.0217 1990.3913 0.0004596523 0.0037966199 0.0090369186 0.0000027883 0.0000010807 0.1632535659 37.2788 1990.3618 0.0004664891 0.0038262445 0.0090236121 0.0000029093 0.0000011227 0.1587676874 37.5359 1990.3324 0.0004423652 0.0038676058 0.0089280976 0.0000027237 0.0000010197 0.1700635572 37.7930 1990.3029 0.0004351086 0.0038559516 0.0087258598 0.0000025411 0.0000009346 0.1461142949 38.0501 1990.2735 0.0004535198 0.0040892300 0.0089161391 0.0000025738 0.0000009440 0.1557496460 38.3072 1990.2441 0.0004320186 0.0040104946 0.0087353706 0.0000026112 0.0000009433 0.1554975130 38.5642 1990.2146 0.0004083420 0.0040707437 0.0087199280 0.0000025740 0.0000009398 0.1565024788 38.8213 1990.1852 0.0004098470 0.0041621772 0.0086637537 0.0000023448 0.0000009236 0.1323027637 39.0784 1990.1558 0.0004321708 0.0038538095 0.0086579046 0.0000024728 0.0000009782 0.1227875144 39.3355 1990.1263 0.0003952228 0.0038945353 0.0087467788 0.0000025304 0.0000009938 0.1322229858 39.5926 1990.0969 0.0003851256 0.0038570450 0.0087748949 0.0000026122 0.0000010255 0.1345345996 39.8497 1990.0674 0.0003916180 0.0041656849 0.0086900025 0.0000027310 0.0000009740 0.1410143878 40.1068 1990.0380 0.0003749407 0.0035993476 0.0088514698 0.0000025118 0.0000010576 0.1490660868 40.3639 1990.0028 0.0004011600 0.0037888454 0.0086845121 0.0000027834 0.0000010367 0.1494732062 40.6210 1989.9675 0.0004084893 0.0034583465 0.0087542354 0.0000020695 0.0000010953 0.1353145425 40.8781 1989.9323 0.0004343843 0.0034824603 0.0089357152 0.0000023241 0.0000011616 0.1421220868 41.1352 1989.8970 0.0004446171 0.0036393416 0.0089064706 0.0000027240 0.0000011201 0.1586512972 41.3923 1989.8618 0.0004352770 0.0032975815 0.0088462295 0.0000026878 0.0000011740 0.1503053778 41.6494 1989.8265 0.0004397425 0.0035390440 0.0088217416 0.0000033545 0.0000010892 0.1499152541 41.9065 1989.7913 0.0004608779 0.0037387019 0.0090325366 0.0000041220 0.0000011040 0.1439285708 42.1636 1989.7560 0.0004599890 0.0039838504 0.0089358945 0.0000031562 0.0000010966 0.1600245708 42.4207 1989.7208 0.0004696369 0.0037462030 0.0089699625 0.0000024329 0.0000011204 0.1623184899 42.6778 1989.6855 0.0005062029 0.0037324115 0.0090666466 0.0000023485 0.0000012000 0.1771855978 42.9349 1989.6503 0.0004927379 0.0037331946 0.0090198730 0.0000024117 0.0000011788 0.1789830586 43.1920 1989.6150 0.0005183733 0.0039576519 0.0090731645 0.0000021084 0.0000010413 0.1811565395 43.4491 1989.4900 0.0004873813 0.0039728218 0.0089820668 0.0000020522 0.0000010425 0.1791509394 43.7061 1989.3650 0.0004697386 0.0038910497 0.0090501492 0.0000024704 0.0000010729 0.1925479637 43.9632 1989.2400 0.0004789317 0.0039294604 0.0090427934 0.0000024673 0.0000011164 0.1554605171 44.2203 1989.1150 0.0004755194 0.0040616029 0.0090456236 0.0000025273 0.0000010319 0.1649359176 44.4774 1988.9900 0.0004718455 0.0039878420 0.0088732183 0.0000026581 0.0000010362 0.1425244701 44.7345 1988.8650 0.0004471219 0.0041936280 0.0088838140 0.0000028763 0.0000010039 0.1167448476 44.9916 1988.7400 0.0004479819 0.0040745599 0.0088977395 0.0000033455 0.0000010742 0.1457866558 45.2487 1988.6150 0.0004453665 0.0038440594 0.0089452941 0.0000036767 0.0000010949 0.1528946000 45.5058 1988.4900 0.0004494844 0.0044198793 0.0087860220 0.0000030444 0.0000009329 0.1452684000 45.7629 1988.3650 0.0004482217 0.0043040632 0.0088063818 0.0000029581 0.0000009845 0.1358241000