# Orpheus Island, Great Barrier Reef, Porites lobata coral d18O and Sr/Ca 1970-1994 CE #----------------------------------------------------------------------- # World Data Service for Paleoclimatology, Boulder # and # NOAA Paleoclimatology Program #----------------------------------------------------------------------- # Template Version 4.0 # Encoding: UTF-8 # NOTE: Please cite original publication, NOAA Landing Page URL, dataset and publication DOIs (where available), and date accessed when using downloaded data. # If there is no publication information, please cite investigator, study title, NOAA Landing Page URL, and date accessed. # # Description/Documentation lines begin with '#' followed by a space # Data lines have no '#' # # NOAA_Landing_Page: https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/access/paleo-search/study/39022 # Landing_Page_Description: NOAA Landing Page of this file's parent study, which includes all study metadata. # # Study_Level_JSON_Metadata: https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/pub/data/metadata/published/paleo/json/noaa-coral-39022.json # Study_Level_JSON_Description: JSON metadata of this data file's parent study, which includes all study metadata. # # Data_Type: Corals and Sclerosponges # # Dataset_DOI: 10.25921/kd46-zt48 # # Science_Keywords: hydrology, Other Reconstruction #--------------------------------------- # Resource_Links # # Data_Download_Resource: https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/coral/west_pacific/great_barrier/gagan1998/gagan1998-or1.txt # Data_Download_Description: NOAA Template File; OR-1 d18O, Sr/Ca Data # #--------------------------------------- # Contribution_Date # Date: 2024-02-12 #--------------------------------------- # File_Last_Modified_Date # Date: 2025-06-30 #--------------------------------------- # Title # Study_Name: Orpheus Island, Great Barrier Reef, Porites lobata coral d18O and Sr/Ca 1970-1994 CE #--------------------------------------- # Investigators # Investigators: Gagan, Michael; Ayliffe, Linda; Hopley, David; Cali, Joseph; Mortimer, Graham; Chappell, John; McCulloch, Malcolm (https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1538-1558); Head, John #--------------------------------------- # Description_Notes_and_Keywords # Description: Contributed as part of the Great Barrier Reef Coral Skeletal Records Database (GBRCD). # Provided Keywords: Great Barrier Reef, Coral Geochemistry, Sea Surface Temperature, Groundwater Discharge #--------------------------------------- # Publication # Authors: Gagan, M.K., Ayliffe, L.K., Hopley, D., Cali, J.A., Mortimer, G.E., Chappell, J., McCulloch, M.T. and Head, M.J. # Published_Date_or_Year: 1998 # Published_Title: Temperature and Surface-Ocean Water Balance of the Mid-Holocene Tropical Western Pacific # Journal_Name: Science # Volume: 279 # Edition: # Issue: 5353 # Pages: 1014-1018 # Report_Number: # DOI: 10.1126/science.279.5353.1014 # Online_Resource: # Full_Citation: # Abstract: Skeletal Sr/Ca and 18O/16O ratios in corals from the Great Barrier Reef, Australia, indicate that the tropical ocean surface ~5350 years ago was 1°C warmer and enriched in 18O by 0.5 per mil relative to modern seawater. The results suggest that the temperature increase enhanced the evaporative enrichment of 18O in seawater. Transport of part of the additional atmospheric water vapor to extratropical latitudes may have sustained the 18O/16O anomaly. The reduced glacial-Holocene shift in seawater 18O/16O ratio produced by the mid-Holocene 18O enrichment may help to reconcile the different temperature histories for the last deglaciation given by coral Sr/Ca thermometry and foraminiferal oxygen-isotope records. #--------------------------------------- # Publication # Authors: Gagan, M.K., Ayliffe, L.K., Opdyke, B.N., Hopley, D., Scott-Gagan, H. and Cowley, J. # Published_Date_or_Year: 2002 # Published_Title: Coral oxygen isotope evidence for recent groundwater fluxes to the Australian Great Barrier Reef # Journal_Name: Geophysical Research Letters # Volume: 29 # Edition: # Issue: 20 # Pages: # Report_Number: # DOI: 10.1029/2002GL015336 # Online_Resource: # Full_Citation: # Abstract: High-resolution measurements of Sr/Ca and 18O/16O in mid-Holocene and modern Porites corals were used to derive a history of freshwater fluxes to the Australian Great Barrier Reef (GBR). Interannual variations in dry-season seawater 18O/16O evident in the coral record for the late 20th century, but not 6200 years ago, correlate with variations in groundwater recharge of coastal aquifers. The results suggest that a delay in groundwater recharge following the post-glacial sea-level rise, and recent deforestation for agriculture, may have lead to higher land-sea hydraulic gradients and greater groundwater discharge to the GBR today. Oxygen-isotope mass balance calculations show that ~3% in-mixing of CO2-enriched groundwater could raise the partial pressure of CO2 in coastal seawater by ~90 µatm following strong summer monsoons. Consequently, modern nearshore corals in the GBR may now be subjected to lower aragonite saturation states, which could reduce coral calcification and contribute to recent reef degradation. #--------------------------------------- # Publication # Authors: Gagan, M.K., Chivas, A.R. and Isdale, P.J. # Published_Date_or_Year: 1994 # Published_Title: High-resolution isotopic records from corals using ocean temperature and mass-spawning chronometers # Journal_Name: Earth and Planetary Science Letters # Volume: 121 # Edition: # Issue: 3-4 # Pages: 549-558 # Report_Number: # DOI: 10.1016/0012-821X(94)90090-6 # Online_Resource: # Full_Citation: # Abstract: We present a 6-year-long (1978–1984) d18O and d13C record from a Great Barrier Reef (Pandora Reef) Porites lutea coral based on near-weekly sample intervals. A sampling technique was designed to minimise any smoothing or distortion of the isotopic record due to complex coral growth, calyx architecture, and calcification at depth within the tissue layer. The arrival-time of the mid-winter minimum sea-surface temperature is very consistent (±2 weeks) near Pandora Reef and provides an annual time-marker offering more precision than the traditional density band chronometer. The improved chronology and high-resolution record demonstrate that signal distortion in Porites, due to calcification within the tissue layer and variable intra-annual coral extension, is generally negligible. Also confirmed is that the arrival-time of monsoonal floods is precisely preserved (±1 week) within the skeleton of Porites. The sensitivity of weekly sampling allows the detection of a subtle warm-to-cool sea-surface temperature anomaly which preceded, by more than one year, a similar temperature anomaly associated with the 1982–83 El Nin˜o in the east Pacific. Sharply higher d13C values coincide with the time of the annual coral mass-spawning event in the Great Barrier Reef. Recognition of this mass-spawning signal should simplify the interpretation of coral d13C records and provides an additional, precise time-marker with which to adjust chronologies when intra-annual coral extension is not constant. #--------------------------------------- # Funding_Agency # Funding_Agency_Name: Australian National Greenhouse Advisory Committee # Grant: #--------------------------------------- # Site_Information # Site_Name: Orpheus Island # Location: Great Barrier Reef, Australia # Northernmost_Latitude: -18.567 # Southernmost_Latitude: -18.567 # Easternmost_Longitude: 146.483 # Westernmost_Longitude: 146.483 # Elevation_m: -2 #--------------------------------------- # Data_Collection # Collection_Name: OR-1 d18O, Sr/Ca Gagan1998 # First_Year: 1970 # Last_Year: 1994 # Time_Unit: year Common Era # Core_Length_m: # Parameter_Keywords: oxygen isotopes, trace metals # Notes: Porites lobata. Gap in record 1977-1988. #--------------------------------------- # Chronology_Information # Chronology: #--------------------------------------- # Variables # PaST_Thesaurus_Download_Resource: https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/access/paleo-search/skos/past-thesaurus.rdf # PaST_Thesaurus_Download_Description: Paleoenvironmental Standard Terms (PaST) Thesaurus terms, definitions, and relationships in SKOS format. # # Data variables follow that are preceded by "##" in columns one and two. # Variables list, one per line, shortname-tab-var components: what, material, error, units, seasonality, data type, detail, method, C or N for Character or Numeric data) # ## age_CE age,,,year Common Era,,corals and sclerosponges,,isotope ratio mass spectrometry,N, ## d18O delta 18O,Porites lobata,,per mil,,corals and sclerosponges,,isotope ratio mass spectrometry,N, ## d18Osw delta 18O,sea water; Porites lobata,,per mil,,corals and sclerosponges,,isotope ratio mass spectrometry,N,Seawater d18O reconstruction. ## Sr/Ca Strontium/Calcium,Porites lobata,,millimole per mole,,corals and sclerosponges,,isotope ratio mass spectrometry,N, #------------------------ # Data: # Data lines follow (have no #) # Data line format - tab-delimited text, variable short name as header # Missing_Values: NA age_CE d18O d18Osw Sr/Ca 1994.96 -4.71 0.13 8.951 1994.92 -4.609 0.17 8.97 1994.88 -4.586 0.14 8.99 1994.84 -4.584 0.15 8.985 1994.8 -4.559 0.09 9.015 1994.76 -4.389 -0.01 9.113 1994.72 -4.128 -0.06 9.224 1994.68 -3.977 -0.05 9.276 1994.64 -3.972 -0.06 9.279 1994.6 -4.06 -0.11 9.265 1994.56 -4.164 -0.17 9.251 1994.52 -4.281 -0.11 9.189 1994.48 -4.348 -0.03 9.137 1994.44 -4.456 -0.1 9.122 1994.4 -4.514 -0.07 9.089 1994.36 -4.619 -0.03 9.038 1994.32 -4.809 -0.07 8.985 1994.28 -4.929 -0.07 8.944 1994.24 -5.009 -0.05 8.907 1994.2 -5.044 -0.07 8.9 1994.16 -5.014 -0.08 8.917 1994.12 -4.955 0 8.907 1994.08 -4.91 0.12 8.88 1994.04 -4.823 0.21 8.88 1994 -4.687 0.19 8.936 1993.96 -4.602 0.09 9.002 1993.92 -4.596 0.03 9.025 1993.88 -4.572 0.03 9.036 1993.84 -4.556 0 9.051 1993.8 -4.505 0.05 9.051 1993.76 -4.407 0.08 9.075 1993.72 -4.32 0 9.135 1993.68 -4.198 -0.03 9.187 1993.64 -4.087 -0.03 9.23 1993.6 -4.033 -0.06 9.26 1993.56 -3.981 -0.03 9.265 1993.519 -3.991 0.08 9.225 1993.478 -4.148 0.04 9.18 1993.437 -4.371 -0.02 9.124 1993.396 -4.451 0.01 9.086 1993.356 -4.46 -0.01 9.089 1993.315 -4.536 -0.02 9.065 1993.274 -4.661 -0.03 9.024 1993.233 -4.813 -0.1 8.994 1993.192 -4.903 -0.06 8.949 1993.152 -4.938 -0.03 8.926 1993.111 -4.807 0.04 8.947 1993.07 -4.772 0.06 8.951 1993.029 -4.89 -0.02 8.938 1992.988 -4.911 0.01 8.919 1992.947 -4.853 0.05 8.926 1992.907 -4.796 0.03 8.954 1992.866 -4.691 -0.06 9.023 1992.825 -4.457 -0.04 9.1 1992.784 -4.433 -0.03 9.104 1992.743 -4.394 0 9.108 1992.703 -4.313 -0.03 9.148 1992.662 -4.268 -0.03 9.165 1992.621 -4.205 -0.04 9.19 1992.58 -4.088 -0.02 9.223 1992.542 -4.028 0 9.24 1992.503 -4.081 -0.04 9.236 1992.465 -4.233 -0.05 9.184 1992.426 -4.371 -0.01 9.121 1992.388 -4.495 0 9.073 1992.349 -4.579 0 9.043 1992.311 -4.605 0.01 9.03 1992.272 -4.678 0.02 8.999 1992.234 -4.811 0.03 8.949 1992.196 -4.837 0.07 8.926 1992.157 -4.867 0.03 8.93 1992.119 -4.872 -0.01 8.939 1992.08 -4.837 -0.02 8.956 1992.042 -4.835 -0.03 8.961 1992.003 -4.84 -0.01 8.953 1991.965 -4.856 -0.05 8.961 1991.926 -4.831 -0.09 8.984 1991.888 -4.769 -0.16 9.031 1991.849 -4.644 -0.09 9.05 1991.811 -4.532 0.02 9.051 1991.772 -4.506 0 9.067 1991.734 -4.516 -0.06 9.084 1991.696 -4.426 -0.09 9.129 1991.657 -4.283 -0.1 9.184 1991.619 -4.144 -0.11 9.237 1991.58 -3.999 -0.12 9.291 1991.538 -3.95 -0.16 9.325 1991.495 -4.069 -0.12 9.266 1991.452 -4.226 -0.07 9.192 1991.41 -4.338 -0.1 9.164 1991.367 -4.535 -0.17 9.119 1991.325 -4.752 -0.23 9.062 1991.282 -4.932 -0.23 8.998 1991.24 -5.104 -0.24 8.942 1991.197 -5.284 -0.39 8.931 1991.155 -5.602 -0.68 8.921 1991.112 -5.884 -0.86 8.884 1991.07 -6.052 -1.04 8.888 1991.027 -5.925 -1.09 8.951 1990.984 -5.361 -0.71 9.016 1990.942 -4.926 -0.32 9.034 1990.899 -4.784 -0.14 9.02 1990.857 -4.729 -0.14 9.038 1990.814 -4.678 -0.22 9.087 1990.772 -4.568 -0.27 9.141 1990.729 -4.394 -0.26 9.2 1990.687 -4.211 -0.16 9.232 1990.644 -4.121 0 9.206 1990.601 -4.116 -0.02 9.214 1990.56 -4.079 -0.09 9.253 1990.519 -4.072 -0.1 9.26 1990.478 -4.193 -0.06 9.203 1990.437 -4.357 -0.1 9.158 1990.396 -4.559 -0.24 9.136 1990.356 -4.79 -0.27 9.063 1990.315 -4.867 -0.2 9.011 1990.274 -4.937 -0.16 8.973 1990.233 -4.995 -0.15 8.946 1990.192 -4.95 0 8.911 1990.152 -4.969 0.05 8.885 1990.111 -4.974 -0.02 8.908 1990.07 -4.999 -0.12 8.934 1990.029 -5.034 -0.15 8.935 1989.988 -4.986 -0.17 8.957 1989.947 -4.886 -0.27 9.028 1989.907 -4.837 -0.27 9.047 1989.866 -4.807 -0.22 9.04 1989.825 -4.709 -0.09 9.029 1989.784 -4.684 -0.04 9.019 1989.743 -4.637 -0.2 9.091 1989.703 -4.432 -0.19 9.162 1989.662 -4.202 -0.11 9.216 1989.621 -4.002 -0.01 9.253 1989.58 -3.947 0.01 9.266 1989.542 -4.078 -0.11 9.259 1989.505 -4.205 -0.19 9.242 1989.467 -4.329 -0.14 9.183 1989.429 -4.551 -0.13 9.099 1989.391 -4.771 -0.18 9.037 1989.354 -4.95 -0.26 9.001 1989.316 -5.04 -0.3 8.984 1989.278 -5.055 -0.28 8.972 1989.241 -5.03 -0.27 8.977 1989.203 -5.029 -0.26 8.973 1989.165 -5.089 -0.24 8.947 1989.127 -5.106 -0.26 8.946 1989.09 -5.086 -0.26 8.954 1989.052 -5.071 -0.24 8.952 1989.014 -5.076 -0.25 8.953 1988.976 -5.043 -0.24 8.961 1988.939 -4.943 -0.26 9.004 1988.901 -4.79 -0.21 9.043 1988.863 -4.705 -0.11 9.036 1988.825 -4.692 -0.05 9.021 1988.788 -4.692 -0.08 9.029 1988.75 -4.619 -0.01 9.031 1988.712 -4.449 0.04 9.075 1988.674 -4.227 0.01 9.166 NA NA NA NA 1977.802 -4.546 -0.18 9.117 1977.765 -4.478 -0.2 9.149 1977.728 -4.393 -0.21 9.182 1977.691 -4.255 -0.22 9.236 1977.654 -4.034 -0.14 9.288 1977.617 -3.881 -0.01 9.296 1977.58 -3.803 -0.11 9.358 1977.536 -3.856 -0.29 9.405 1977.491 -3.991 -0.33 9.372 1977.447 -4.175 -0.31 9.298 1977.402 -4.427 -0.26 9.191 1977.358 -4.592 -0.26 9.13 1977.313 -4.718 -0.28 9.094 1977.269 -4.91 -0.37 9.055 1977.225 -5.146 -0.5 9.02 1977.18 -5.313 -0.56 8.981 1977.136 -5.289 -0.47 8.956 1977.091 -5.116 -0.38 8.985 1977.047 -4.946 -0.43 9.063 1977.002 -4.881 -0.41 9.079 1976.958 -4.906 -0.26 9.019 1976.913 -4.905 -0.23 9.008 1976.869 -4.811 -0.32 9.073 1976.825 -4.671 -0.37 9.143 1976.78 -4.539 -0.34 9.179 1976.736 -4.461 -0.25 9.175 1976.691 -4.353 -0.25 9.213 1976.647 -4.154 -0.23 9.278 1976.602 -4.015 -0.15 9.298 1976.562 -3.94 -0.13 9.318 1976.526 -3.958 -0.27 9.36 1976.489 -4.133 -0.42 9.352 1976.453 -4.349 -0.38 9.26 1976.416 -4.538 -0.36 9.185 1976.38 -4.676 -0.38 9.144 1976.344 -4.784 -0.36 9.098 1976.307 -5.021 -0.51 9.065 1976.271 -5.311 -0.56 8.981 1976.235 -5.495 -0.48 8.887 1976.198 -5.573 -0.51 8.869 1976.162 -5.545 -0.5 8.877 1976.126 -5.541 -0.54 8.89 1976.089 -5.496 -0.54 8.907 1976.053 -5.374 -0.47 8.927 1976.016 -5.309 -0.48 8.952 1975.98 -5.227 -0.51 8.993 1975.944 -5.126 -0.48 9.02 1975.907 -5.016 -0.38 9.022 1975.871 -4.857 -0.3 9.049 1975.835 -4.699 -0.25 9.087 1975.798 -4.596 -0.2 9.108 1975.762 -4.54 -0.1 9.092 1975.726 -4.428 -0.13 9.142 1975.689 -4.275 -0.17 9.21 1975.653 -4.203 -0.12 9.22 1975.616 -4.145 -0.12 9.239 1975.58 -4.117 -0.12 9.249 1975.538 -4.012 -0.02 9.253 1975.495 -3.907 0.02 9.274 1975.452 -3.95 0.01 9.262 1975.41 -4.2 0.13 9.133 1975.367 -4.489 0.08 9.045 1975.325 -4.67 -0.1 9.044 1975.282 -4.816 -0.11 8.996 1975.24 -4.921 -0.12 8.964 1975.197 -4.974 -0.2 8.971 1975.155 -4.946 -0.23 8.994 1975.112 -4.926 -0.33 9.037 1975.069 -4.911 -0.35 9.047 1975.027 -4.896 -0.28 9.03 1974.984 -4.857 -0.26 9.035 1974.942 -4.807 -0.33 9.077 1974.899 -4.735 -0.35 9.111 1974.857 -4.654 -0.28 9.115 1974.814 -4.634 -0.18 9.087 1974.772 -4.612 -0.16 9.087 1974.729 -4.534 -0.23 9.139 1974.687 -4.449 -0.23 9.17 1974.644 -4.308 -0.28 9.238 1974.601 -4.144 -0.23 9.281 1974.562 -4.071 -0.2 9.295 1974.527 -4.13 -0.27 9.3 1974.491 -4.285 -0.25 9.236 1974.455 -4.458 -0.24 9.172 1974.419 -4.669 -0.26 9.103 1974.384 -4.856 -0.24 9.03 1974.348 -5.056 -0.39 9.013 1974.312 -5.216 -0.49 8.988 1974.277 -5.291 -0.44 8.946 1974.241 -5.404 -0.61 8.965 1974.205 -5.5 -0.74 8.979 1974.169 -5.691 -0.81 8.936 1974.134 -6.03 -1.11 8.92 1974.098 -6.176 -1.27 8.924 1974.062 -5.77 -0.88 8.931 1974.027 -5.637 -0.78 8.941 1973.991 -5.28 -0.47 8.958 1973.955 -4.885 -0.2 9.005 1973.919 -4.672 -0.14 9.059 1973.884 -4.521 0.01 9.06 1973.848 -4.476 0.08 9.051 1973.812 -4.403 0.07 9.081 1973.777 -4.31 0.03 9.128 1973.741 -4.228 0.01 9.163 1973.705 -4.169 0.02 9.183 1973.669 -4.114 0.05 9.191 1973.634 -4.067 0.08 9.196 1973.598 -4.076 -0.01 9.227 1973.559 -4.036 -0.02 9.244 1973.516 -4.08 0.01 9.216 1973.474 -4.226 0.04 9.155 1973.431 -4.306 0 9.141 1973.389 -4.354 -0.03 9.135 1973.346 -4.476 -0.07 9.104 1973.304 -4.616 -0.2 9.099 1973.261 -4.67 -0.12 9.051 1973.218 -4.815 -0.07 8.982 1973.176 -4.937 -0.14 8.966 1973.133 -4.917 -0.27 9.017 1973.091 -4.886 -0.33 9.049 1973.048 -4.861 -0.28 9.041 1973.006 -4.862 -0.22 9.02 1972.963 -4.807 -0.16 9.019 1972.921 -4.766 -0.2 9.047 1972.878 -4.755 -0.29 9.084 1972.835 -4.651 -0.32 9.131 1972.793 -4.548 -0.39 9.192 1972.75 -4.433 -0.5 9.273 1972.708 -4.31 -0.5 9.317 1972.665 -4.219 -0.4 9.312 1972.623 -4.091 -0.23 9.297 1972.58 -3.948 -0.12 9.311 1972.541 -3.843 -0.18 9.37 1972.502 -3.768 -0.18 9.394 1972.462 -3.872 -0.2 9.366 1972.423 -4.098 -0.27 9.312 1972.384 -4.443 -0.37 9.223 1972.345 -4.869 -0.48 9.11 1972.305 -5.223 -0.65 9.045 1972.266 -5.608 -0.99 9.029 1972.227 -5.353 -0.72 9.024 1972.188 -5.185 -0.57 9.028 1972.149 -5.376 -0.68 9 1972.109 -5.511 -0.72 8.967 1972.07 -5.499 -0.69 8.961 1972.031 -5.201 -0.42 8.969 1971.992 -5.006 -0.27 8.986 1971.953 -4.844 -0.28 9.047 1971.913 -4.782 -0.33 9.089 1971.874 -4.782 -0.34 9.09 1971.835 -4.733 -0.26 9.08 1971.796 -4.685 -0.16 9.063 1971.757 -4.675 -0.23 9.088 1971.717 -4.603 -0.34 9.155 1971.678 -4.46 -0.29 9.19 1971.639 -4.288 -0.18 9.212 1971.6 -4.062 -0.15 9.279 1971.563 -3.926 -0.15 9.33 1971.53 -4.065 -0.13 9.272 1971.497 -4.297 -0.12 9.186 1971.463 -4.494 -0.18 9.137 1971.43 -4.604 -0.18 9.098 1971.397 -4.646 -0.25 9.107 1971.363 -4.691 -0.37 9.136 1971.33 -4.745 -0.41 9.129 1971.297 -4.783 -0.37 9.103 1971.263 -4.9 -0.38 9.064 1971.23 -5.057 -0.41 9.019 1971.197 -5.129 -0.38 8.981 1971.163 -5.084 -0.27 8.958 1971.13 -5.018 -0.2 8.955 1971.097 -4.983 -0.09 8.931 1971.063 -4.979 -0.07 8.924 1971.03 -4.981 -0.11 8.939 1970.997 -4.974 -0.08 8.931 1970.963 -4.957 -0.13 8.952 1970.93 -4.895 -0.25 9.017 1970.897 -4.769 -0.28 9.075