# Porites Coral Sr/Ca and SST Data from the Northern Ryukyu Islands from 1578-2009 CE #----------------------------------------------------------------------- # World Data Service for Paleoclimatology, Boulder # and # NOAA Paleoclimatology Program #----------------------------------------------------------------------- # Template Version 4.0 # Encoding: UTF-8 # NOTE: Please cite original publication, NOAA Landing Page URL, dataset and publication DOIs (where available), and date accessed when using downloaded data. # If there is no publication information, please cite investigator, study title, NOAA Landing Page URL, and date accessed. # # Description/Documentation lines begin with '#' followed by a space # Data lines have no '#' # # NOAA_Landing_Page: https://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/paleo/study/34372 # Landing_Page_Description: NOAA Landing Page of this file's parent study, which includes all study metadata. # # Study_Level_JSON_Metadata: https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/pub/data/metadata/published/paleo/json/noaa-coral-34372.json # Study_Level_JSON_Description: JSON metadata of this data file's parent study, which includes all study metadata. # # Data_Type: Corals and Sclerosponges # # Dataset_DOI: 10.25921/thst-h013 # # Science_Keywords: Sea Surface Temperature Reconstruction #--------------------------------------- # Resource_Links # # Data_Download_Resource: https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/coral/west_pacific/kawakubo2017/kawakubo2017-sst-annual.txt # Data_Download_Description: NOAA Template File; Ryukyu Islands annual Sr/Ca and SST Data # #--------------------------------------- # Contribution_Date # Date: 2021-10-12 #--------------------------------------- # File_Last_Modified_Date # Date: 2022-03-10 #--------------------------------------- # Title # Study_Name: Porites Coral Sr/Ca and SST Data from the Northern Ryukyu Islands from 1578-2009 CE #--------------------------------------- # Investigators # Investigators: Kawakubo, Y.; Alibert, C.; Yokoyama, Y. #--------------------------------------- # Description_Notes_and_Keywords # Description: #--------------------------------------- # Publication # Authors: Kawakubo, Y., C. Alibert, and Y. Yokoyama # Published_Date_or_Year: 2017 # Published_Title: A Reconstruction of Subtropical Western North Pacific SST Variability Back to 1578, Based on a Porites Coral Sr/Ca Record from the Northern Ryukyus, Japan # Journal_Name: Paleoceanography # Volume: 32 # Edition: # Issue: # Pages: 1352-1370 # Report_Number: # DOI: 10.1002/2017pa003203 # Online_Resource: # Full_Citation: # Abstract: We present a seasonal reconstruction of sea surface temperature (SST) from 1578 to 2008, based on a Porites coral Sr/Ca record from the northern Ryukyus, within the Kuroshio southern recirculation gyre. Interannual SST anomalies are generally ~0.5°C, making Sr/Ca-derived SST reconstructions a challenging task. Replicate measurements along adjacent coral growth axes, enabled by the laser ablation inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry technique used here, give evidence of rather large uncertainties. Nonetheless, derived winter SST anomalies are significantly correlated with the Western Pacific atmospheric pattern which has a dominant influence on winter temperature in East Asia. Annual mean SSTs show interdecadal variations, notably cold intervals between 1670 and 1700 during the Maunder Minimum (MM) and between 1766 and 1788 characterized by a negative phase of the North Atlantic Oscillation. Cold summers in 1783 and 1784 coincide with the long-lasting Laki eruption that had a profound impact on the Northern Hemisphere climate, including the severe “Tenmei” famine in Japan. The decades between 1855 and 1900 are significantly cooler than the first half of the twentieth century, while those between 1700 and 1765, following the MM, are warmer than average. SST variability in the Ryukyus is only marginally influenced by the Pacific Decadal Oscillation, so that external forcing remains the main driver of low-frequency temperature changes. However, the close connection between the Kuroshio extension (KE) and its recirculation gyre suggests that decadal SST anomalies associated with the KE front also impact the Ryukyus, and there is a possible additional role for feedback of the Kuroshio-Oyashio variability to the large-scale atmosphere at decadal timescale. #--------------------------------------- # Funding_Agency # Funding_Agency_Name: # Grant: #--------------------------------------- # Site_Information # Site_Name: Ryukyu Islands, Kikai Island, Japan # Location: Western Pacific Ocean # Northernmost_Latitude: 28.3 # Southernmost_Latitude: 28.3 # Easternmost_Longitude: 130 # Westernmost_Longitude: 130 # Elevation_m: #--------------------------------------- # Data_Collection # Collection_Name: Ryukyus Sr/Ca SST annual Kawakubo2017 # First_Year: 1579 # Last_Year: 2008 # Time_Unit: year Common Era # Core_Length_m: # Parameter_Keywords: trace metals # Notes: #--------------------------------------- # Chronology_Information # Chronology: #--------------------------------------- # Variables # PaST_Thesaurus_Download_Resource: https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/access/paleo-search/skos/past-thesaurus.rdf # PaST_Thesaurus_Download_Description: Paleoenvironmental Standard Terms (PaST) Thesaurus terms, definitions, and relationships in SKOS format. # # Data variables follow that are preceded by "##" in columns one and two. # Variables list, one per line, shortname-tab-var components: what, material, error, units, seasonality, data type, detail, method, C or N for Character or Numeric data) # ## year_CE age,,,year Common Era,,corals and sclerosponges; climate reconstructions,,,N,age for annual values ## SST-SrCa_ann sea surface temperature,strontium/calcium,,degree Celsius,annual,corals and sclerosponges; climate reconstructions,averaged,,N,averaged annual SST ## SST-SrCa_ann_anom sea surface temperature,strontium/calcium,,degree Celsius,annual,corals and sclerosponges; climate reconstructions,anomalized,,N, #------------------------ # Data: # Data lines follow (have no #) # Data line format - tab-delimited text, variable short name as header # Missing_Values: NA year_CE SST-SrCa_ann SST-SrCa_ann_anom 2008 26.7033898 2.203389831 2007 26.0677966 1.567796610 2006 26.3813559 1.881355932 2005 25.0762712 0.576271186 2004 25.5084746 1.008474576 2003 26.3050847 1.805084746 2002 26.0889831 1.588983051 2001 27.1440678 2.644067797 2000 27.2033898 2.703389831 1999 25.6610169 1.161016949 1998 28.1588689 3.658868891 1997 26.9758319 2.475831906 1996 25.0615776 0.561577591 1995 24.8499661 0.349966051 1994 24.5874085 0.087408461 1993 24.4841397 -0.015860302 1992 22.8505521 -1.649447932 1991 20.0847458 -4.415254237 1990 21.9957627 -2.504237288 1989 25.1864407 0.686440678 1988 23.7033898 -0.796610169 1987 23.0423729 -1.457627119 1986 21.8983051 -2.601694915 1985 22.7415254 -1.758474576 1984 24.1610169 -0.338983051 1983 25.3728814 0.872881356 1982 25.7288136 1.228813559 1981 24.1059322 -0.394067797 1980 24.9364407 0.436440678 1979 23.5466102 -0.953389831 1978 23.1016949 -1.398305085 1977 21.6525424 -2.847457627 1976 23.1016949 -1.398305085 1975 24.3940678 -0.105932203 1974 25.1906780 0.690677966 1973 25.8220339 1.322033898 1972 25.1228814 0.622881356 1971 23.6059322 -0.894067797 1970 22.9237288 -1.576271186 1969 23.4745763 -1.025423729 1968 22.4618644 -2.038135593 1967 23.8855932 -0.614406780 1966 25.2245763 0.724576271 1965 23.7690678 -0.730932203 1964 23.1618133 -1.338186721 1963 23.9491525 -0.550847458 1962 22.1842176 -2.315782399 1961 22.4110169 -2.088983051 1960 24.0423729 -0.457627119 1959 23.6186441 -0.881355932 1958 24.1355932 -0.364406780 1957 24.5618644 0.061864407 1956 23.5169492 -0.983050847 1955 24.8559322 0.355932203 1954 24.8050847 0.305084746 1953 23.4915254 -1.008474576 1952 25.7330508 1.233050847 1951 23.7436441 -0.756355932 1950 24.7754237 0.275423729 1949 25.0381356 0.538135593 1948 24.8833407 0.383340714 1947 25.4878531 0.987853107 1946 27.0211864 2.521186441 1945 25.1271186 0.627118644 1944 26.1817797 1.681779661 1943 25.7751092 1.275109230 1942 25.8220339 1.322033898 1941 25.5338983 1.033898305 1940 24.9087189 0.408718858 1939 23.7796610 -0.720338983 1938 27.2033898 2.703389831 1937 24.8559322 0.355932203 1936 23.9237288 -0.576271186 1935 24.1525424 -0.347457627 1934 23.8559322 -0.644067797 1933 24.8135593 0.313559322 1932 24.0728763 -0.427123705 1931 24.5436875 0.043687476 1930 23.2483303 -1.251669687 1929 22.5782554 -1.921744615 1928 24.2203358 -0.279664246 1927 26.3206084 1.820608412 1926 24.9443761 0.444376110 1925 25.3503344 0.850334403 1924 25.3349382 0.834938232 1923 25.0362570 0.536256971 1922 24.1199176 -0.380082383 1921 25.9344969 1.434496939 1920 24.7078276 0.207827635 1919 25.8203575 1.320357465 1918 24.9624907 0.462490745 1917 24.4808526 -0.019147383 1916 23.2287861 -1.271213935 1915 23.6001026 -0.899897426 1914 22.6081237 -1.891876291 1913 24.2238197 -0.276180333 1912 24.6868724 0.186872446 1911 23.5471253 -0.952874706 1910 24.6579188 0.157918753 1909 24.4200461 -0.079953867 1908 24.7445386 0.244538567 1907 23.2669492 -1.233050847 1906 22.9830508 -1.516949153 1905 22.7353334 -1.764666557 1904 22.3420026 -2.157997391 1903 22.5696830 -1.930317032 1902 22.2379295 -2.262070507 1901 23.8783954 -0.621604586 1900 23.8063165 -0.693683483 1899 22.3241597 -2.175840266 1898 23.0945470 -1.405452984 1897 24.0098679 -0.490132070 1896 23.5409009 -0.959099070 1895 22.6610169 -1.838983051 1894 21.6019856 -2.898014420 1893 24.4237288 -0.076271186 1892 23.0211864 -1.478813559 1891 24.2584746 -0.241525424 1890 25.9915254 1.491525424 1889 24.3771186 -0.122881356 1888 24.9249518 0.424951776 1887 24.3084746 -0.191525424 1886 25.5677966 1.067796610 1885 23.4025424 -1.097457627 1884 23.8050847 -0.694915254 1883 22.0508475 -2.449152542 1882 24.1576271 -0.342372881 1881 23.2330508 -1.266949153 1880 24.2881356 -0.211864407 1879 25.2711864 0.771186441 1878 24.0550847 -0.444915254 1877 23.8133286 -0.686671426 1876 23.1673729 -1.332627119 1875 23.0593220 -1.440677966 1874 21.6419966 -2.858003359 1873 23.0361191 -1.463880924 1872 23.0422558 -1.457744211 1871 24.6609247 0.160924667 1870 25.4500520 0.950052005 1869 24.0758896 -0.424110385 1868 23.8185552 -0.681444813 1867 24.1836343 -0.316365674 1866 23.2581270 -1.241873024 1865 24.2944569 -0.205543069 1864 23.0714773 -1.428522702 1863 23.0655083 -1.434491665 1862 22.7996648 -1.700335156 1861 22.3169464 -2.183053646 1860 22.4127142 -2.087285836 1859 22.2920471 -2.207952931 1858 23.7824163 -0.717583695 1857 21.0941330 -3.405866974 1856 23.2269946 -1.273005371 1855 23.3161008 -1.183899191 1854 25.4990559 0.999055880 1853 24.5217117 0.021711689 1852 23.8830382 -0.616961768 1851 25.9886275 1.488627467 1850 25.2984626 0.798462600 1849 24.8666748 0.366674835 1848 25.7034652 1.203465243 1847 24.1063044 -0.393695605 1846 24.1600486 -0.339951443 1845 24.2886189 -0.211381128 1844 24.5830081 0.083008076 1843 23.4009457 -1.099054285 1842 24.4690728 -0.030927192 1841 25.5046323 1.004632269 1840 23.9267874 -0.573212643 1839 25.0073235 0.507323538 1838 23.2855229 -1.214477108 1837 23.5717303 -0.928269702 1836 22.9214780 -1.578522016 1835 23.1420037 -1.357996333 1834 24.9109662 0.410966211 1833 24.0173354 -0.482664578 1832 24.0442788 -0.455721184 1831 23.7080071 -0.791992900 1830 23.6199379 -0.880062078 1829 24.1391992 -0.360800812 1828 24.5704660 0.070466020 1827 24.9541502 0.454150228 1826 23.8685317 -0.631468299 1825 24.5918689 0.091868898 1824 22.3410753 -2.158924679 1823 24.8618180 0.361817954 1822 24.9422245 0.442224531 1821 24.4176132 -0.082386801 1820 24.3732011 -0.126798887 1819 24.1052709 -0.394729113 1818 24.6050599 0.105059853 1817 24.6919468 0.191946834 1816 25.4032719 0.903271923 1815 24.4761609 -0.023839073 1814 24.4631178 -0.036882207 1813 25.6011793 1.101179275 1812 24.0915666 -0.408433410 1811 24.5631844 0.063184354 1810 22.9128234 -1.587176590 1809 22.9510117 -1.548988290 1808 24.7831103 0.283110345 1807 23.5395108 -0.960489218 1806 23.4327921 -1.067207927 1805 26.2886714 1.788671380 1804 25.3479236 0.847923592 1803 26.1257911 1.625791146 1802 23.8240464 -0.675953585 1801 24.6043244 0.104324404 1800 25.2359809 0.735980919 1799 24.6454643 0.145464328 1798 25.3785477 0.878547712 1797 25.2066113 0.706611327 1796 23.3579523 -1.142047657 1795 25.3724264 0.872426398 1794 24.1839246 -0.316075405 1793 24.6255112 0.125511195 1792 25.8683925 1.368392517 1791 25.9351774 1.435177369 1790 24.2080028 -0.291997158 1789 25.2951816 0.795181619 1788 25.0081561 0.508156133 1787 23.8988733 -0.601126689 1786 23.3302322 -1.169767794 1785 22.6543693 -1.845630691 1784 22.7812194 -1.718780574 1783 23.0172951 -1.482704898 1782 24.0613572 -0.438642839 1781 25.4415837 0.941583703 1780 22.6581814 -1.841818627 1779 24.3215942 -0.178405780 1778 24.5189187 0.018918661 1777 24.2279403 -0.272059748 1776 23.4692113 -1.030788687 1775 22.0690507 -2.430949345 1774 23.8044512 -0.695548760 1773 22.2754894 -2.224510639 1772 23.1114863 -1.388513658 1771 25.5005803 1.000580278 1770 24.4572272 -0.042772797 1769 23.2289038 -1.271096193 1768 23.6269304 -0.873069633 1767 23.4362961 -1.063703882 1766 23.7356474 -0.764352559 1765 25.1499691 0.649969088 1764 25.7276468 1.227646847 1763 26.5309388 2.030938834 1762 26.1502620 1.650262012 1761 25.7166554 1.216655364 1760 28.0540873 3.554087267 1759 24.8439535 0.343953454 1758 24.5033399 0.003339866 1757 24.6827395 0.182739528 1756 25.2680927 0.768092723 1755 26.1004213 1.600421267 1754 27.5888951 3.088895068 1753 25.5031758 1.003175777 1752 25.8386829 1.338682875 1751 27.0920021 2.592002146 1750 26.5585683 2.058568271 1749 27.3258185 2.825818488 1748 25.4695964 0.969596405 1747 25.2034324 0.703432386 1746 25.6932539 1.193253865 1745 26.1802032 1.680203231 1744 26.7721647 2.272164665 1743 27.3494641 2.849464109 1742 26.5901544 2.090154444 1741 25.1379201 0.637920051 1740 23.4193696 -1.080630401 1739 23.6705729 -0.829427130 1738 23.7836269 -0.716373132 1737 25.3982202 0.898220179 1736 25.1471143 0.647114299 1735 24.0881491 -0.411850887 1734 25.5423664 1.042366366 1733 24.9452288 0.445228804 1732 24.0902777 -0.409722342 1731 24.2449917 -0.255008269 1730 24.8515411 0.351541079 1729 26.4994810 1.999481011 1728 25.9836404 1.483640434 1727 25.4961888 0.996188841 1726 27.1213965 2.621396471 1725 25.8476514 1.347651361 1724 25.9300428 1.430042778 1723 26.3273458 1.827345761 1722 24.6346916 0.134691561 1721 24.6386740 0.138674021 1720 24.9312551 0.431255132 1719 24.8336031 0.333603102 1718 25.1898133 0.689813350 1717 24.7770181 0.277018088 1716 25.9055326 1.405532560 1715 25.9145968 1.414596808 1714 25.1578735 0.657873531 1713 26.2512756 1.751275559 1712 26.8416403 2.341640335 1711 25.8698579 1.369857850 1710 26.5304615 2.030461468 1709 25.5138288 1.013828785 1708 26.6300089 2.130008881 1707 25.0920775 0.592077508 1706 25.5532913 1.053291346 1705 27.2751147 2.775114694 1704 26.7424581 2.242458091 1703 26.5579426 2.057942580 1702 24.8033284 0.303328364 1701 25.3545204 0.854520378 1700 24.7658584 0.265858385 1699 23.6067944 -0.893205644 1698 23.7077173 -0.792282721 1697 25.1016698 0.601669833 1696 24.6682650 0.168264988 1695 25.1783705 0.678370526 1694 25.0716676 0.571667620 1693 22.0877889 -2.412211072 1692 24.2222662 -0.277733750 1691 23.3538171 -1.146182900 1690 23.5449013 -0.955098737 1689 24.2555907 -0.244409263 1688 24.7717246 0.271724561 1687 23.7266536 -0.773346411 1686 25.5626216 1.062621605 1685 23.3286175 -1.171382478 1684 22.5679737 -1.932026339 1683 22.7164710 -1.783529013 1682 22.3531451 -2.146854885 1681 24.2811612 -0.218838758 1680 24.0986328 -0.401367202 1679 23.6411428 -0.858857233 1678 24.3987194 -0.101280557 1677 24.0143533 -0.485646709 1676 24.4166663 -0.083333665 1675 24.8997893 0.399789308 1674 24.9068271 0.406827060 1673 23.9229639 -0.577036067 1672 25.1396024 0.639602389 1671 25.0224688 0.522468826 1670 23.3485396 -1.151460427 1669 22.9760649 -1.523935133 1668 24.0739347 -0.426065326 1667 24.5189771 0.018977071 1666 24.8508217 0.350821670 1665 24.7281684 0.228168408 1664 25.6132429 1.113242859 1663 25.1395782 0.639578204 1662 25.9817331 1.481733135 1661 25.4964974 0.996497413 1660 25.4852275 0.985227471 1659 23.8313862 -0.668613752 1658 23.8717016 -0.628298420 1657 24.0063475 -0.493652458 1656 24.2477684 -0.252231571 1655 25.9422505 1.442250500 1654 25.6886616 1.188661624 1653 25.3260851 0.826085064 1652 25.8392441 1.339244074 1651 25.7879605 1.287960550 1650 26.2615036 1.761503566 1649 25.2459351 0.745935127 1648 25.3842825 0.884282458 1647 25.3935708 0.893570782 1646 25.1171558 0.617155821 1645 25.1872512 0.687251235 1644 25.0824924 0.582492360 1643 24.2462433 -0.253756706 1642 25.8496900 1.349689981 1641 25.7802903 1.280290342 1640 25.5896950 1.089695031 1639 25.0052717 0.505271651 1638 25.2750757 0.775075699 1637 25.8061335 1.306133511 1636 26.3461353 1.846135317 1635 25.8332943 1.333294290 1634 26.2059672 1.705967182 1633 25.4910531 0.991053060 1632 24.0597271 -0.440272949 1631 24.4415224 -0.058477620 1630 24.8178249 0.317824927 1629 24.8472197 0.347219658 1628 23.0332030 -1.466796967 1627 24.8620348 0.362034827 1626 23.7475229 -0.752477140 1625 24.9998339 0.499833873 1624 23.4709503 -1.029049698 1623 25.0639073 0.563907297 1622 24.5354284 0.035428404 1621 25.5596110 1.059611043 1620 26.1460043 1.646004305 1619 24.9086785 0.408678488 1618 24.6299416 0.129941581 1617 24.5391009 0.039100929 1616 25.1252031 0.625203092 1615 24.4107651 -0.089234919 1614 22.9339697 -1.566030338 1613 23.6238235 -0.876176483 1612 23.3952758 -1.104724238 1611 23.7556577 -0.744342276 1610 24.9112378 0.411237764 1609 24.4479036 -0.052096353 1608 23.9755461 -0.524453915 1607 24.1757694 -0.324230556 1606 25.1625505 0.662550476 1605 24.2920087 -0.207991310 1604 24.0484828 -0.451517222 1603 24.4367149 -0.063285104 1602 24.0706369 -0.429363088 1601 23.8813225 -0.618677483 1600 23.9648319 -0.535168064 1599 22.8459236 -1.654076410 1598 24.1197930 -0.380207046 1597 24.1283116 -0.371688386 1596 26.0211537 1.521153714 1595 25.3551479 0.855147934 1594 25.9118575 1.411857458 1593 24.2895865 -0.210413453 1592 24.9760611 0.476061127 1591 25.7006659 1.200665862 1590 25.4706981 0.970698090 1589 24.9012137 0.401213704 1588 24.1052096 -0.394790371 1587 23.9326949 -0.567305096 1586 23.4355741 -1.064425929 1585 23.7573066 -0.742693448 1584 24.1281524 -0.371847602 1583 24.3346304 -0.165369597 1582 23.0127625 -1.487237486 1581 24.4685345 -0.031465506 1580 22.8250702 -1.674929815 1579 22.9103583 -1.589641713