# ****************************************************************
# ** Please acknowledge the contributors and the International  **
# ** Multiproxy Paleofire Database when using these data.       **
# ****************************************************************
#
# Site name: Archuleta Mesa Plot A0
# Investigators: Peter M. Brown and Rosalind Wu
#
# Dating Method  : Crossdated
# Collectors     : Peter M. Brown, Rosalind Wu
# Species name   : Pinus ponderosa, Juniperus scopulorum, Pinus edulis
# Common name    : ponderosa pine, Rocky Mountain juniper, pinyon pine
# Country        : United States
# State          : Colorado
# National Forest: San Juan National Forest
# Ranger district: Pagosa
# UTM easting    : 0298384 (NAD83, 13)
# UTM northing   : 4116479 (NAD83, 13)
# Elevation      : 2237 m
# Slope          : 5 deg
# Aspect         : 197 deg
# Sample Storage Location: Rocky Mountain Tree-Ring Research, Inc., 
# Ft. Collins, CO
#
# Fire scar data from this site are available in FHX2 format at:
# ftp://ftp.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/firehistory/firescar/northamerica/usach001.fhx
# along with associated metadata at:
# ftp://ftp.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/firehistory/firescar/northamerica/usach001.txt
#
# Methods: See Brown and Wu 2005. Increment cores were removed from 10 cm
# height above ground level on living trees and cross sections were cut
# from logs and snags such that one surface was 10 cm above the estimated
# root-shoot boundary. Sampled cores were no more than a field estimated
# 10 yr from pith to minimize pith offset when assessing pith date. On
# increment cores and cross sections that did not include pith but inside
# ring curvature was visible, pith dates were estimated using overlaid
# concentric circles of varying diameters that take into account both
# average inside ring widths and an estimated distance to pith. Pith dates
# at 10 cm height were corrected to germination dates by subtracting
# 5 yr, the average time we estimated for seedlings to grow from germination
# to 10 cm height (P. M. Brown, unpublished data).
#
# Reference: P.M. Brown & R. Wu. 2005. Climate and disturbance forcing of
# episodic tree recruitment in a southwestern ponderosa pine landscape.
# Ecology 86:3030-3038.
#
# Abstract: Strong but relatively short (annual to decadal length) climate 
# change can have broad-scale and long-lasting effects on forest communities. 
# Climate impacts forests through direct effects on tree demography (mortality 
# and overstory recruitment) and indirect effects on disturbance regimes. 
# Here, we compare multicentury chronologies of tree recruitment from a 
# 307-ha ponderosa pine forest in southwestern Colorado to reconstructions
# of fire years, hydroclimate, and the El Nino-Southern Oscillation (ENSO).
# Few trees predate a regional multiyear megadrought centered in the 1580s. A
# prolonged pluvial in the early 1600s resulted in a pulse of tree recruitment
# that corresponds to recruitment seen over much of the Southwest. Other cohorts
# in the early 1700s and mid-1800s established during multidecadal fire-
# quiescent periods. These periods correspond to shifts in ENSO that apparently
# resulted in dampening of interannual wet/dry oscillations responsible for
# fuel buildup and drying. Fires, mediated by stochastic climate variation,
# acted as a density independent regulation on tree populations since
# establishment was not limited by overstory tree density, but rather by
# fire-caused mortality of seedlings and saplings during periods of more
# frequent fires. Even-aged cohorts in ponderosa pine forests likely have
# little if anything to do with episodic mortality caused by more severe
# fires, but rather relate mainly to episodic recruitment opportunities.
# Fire cessation after Euro-American settlement in the late 1800s resulted
# in an increase in tree density and changes in forest composition, which
# are major factors that have contributed to recent severe wildfires in other
# Southwestern forests. Our results document clear linkages between synoptic
# climate forcing, fires, and recruitment episodes, and highlight the
# importance of regional historical processes on contemporary forest
# composition and structure.
#
# Comments: The first 2 letters of the tree ID represents the species: PP=Pinus
# ponderosa, JS=Juniperus scopulorum, PE=Pinus edulis.
#

	1	Tree ID
	2	Year
	3	Feature
PPA001,1852,pith
PPA001,2002,bark
PPA002,1850,pith
PPA002,2002,bark
PPA004,1907,pith
PPA004,2002,bark
PPA005,1611,pith
PPA005,1789,fire scar undetermined
PPA005,1851,fire scar undetermined
PPA005,1852,last ring
JSA007,1907,pith
JSA007,2002,bark
JSA008,1906,pith
JSA008,2002,bark
JSA009,1917,pith
JSA009,2002,bark
JSA010,1950,pith
JSA010,2002,bark
PEA012,1914,pith
PEA012,2002,bark
PEA014,1915,pith
PEA014,2002,bark
JSA015,1938,pith
JSA015,2002,bark
JSA017,1919,pith
JSA017,2002,bark
JSA018,1928,pith
JSA018,2002,bark
PPA019,1850,pith
PPA019,2002,bark
PEA020,1852,pith
PEA020,2002,bark
JSA021,1922,pith
JSA021,2002,bark
JSA022,1922,pith
JSA022,2002,bark
JSA024,1904,pith
JSA024,2002,bark
JSA025,1903,pith
JSA025,2002,bark
PPA026,1618,pith
PPA026,1842,last ring
PEA027,1891,pith
PEA027,2002,bark
PPA028,1876,pith
PPA028,2002,bark
PPA029,1608,pith
PPA029,1707,last ring
PPA030,1850,pith
PPA030,2002,bark