Middle Stein River Valley - CASTN001 Additional Site Information Emily K. Heyerdahl, Kenneth P. Lertzman Dating Method: Crossdated Sample Storage Location: School of Resource and Environmental Management, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, BC, Canada (stored by professor Ken Lertzman). Reference: Heyerdahl , E.K., K. Lertzman, and C.M. Wong. 2012. Mixed-severity fire regimes in dry forests of southern interior British Columbia, Canada. Canadian Journal of Forest Research. 42(1):88-98. doi: 10.1139/x11-160. Abstract: Historical fire severity is poorly characterized for dry forests in the interior west of North America. We inferred a multicentury history of fire severity from tree rings in Douglas-fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii var. glauca (Beissn.) Franco) - ponderosa pine (Pinus ponderosa Douglas ex P. Lawson & C. Lawson) forests in the southern interior of British Columbia, Canada. In 2 ha plots distributed systematically over 1105 ha, we determined the dates of fire scars, indicators of low-severity fire, from 125 trees and inferred dates of even-aged cohorts, potential indicators of high-severity fire, from establishment dates of 1270 trees. Most (76%) of the 41 plots contained fire-scarred trees with a mean plot-composite fire scar interval of 21 years (1700-1900). Most (76%) also contained one or two cohorts. At the plot scale, we inferred that the fire regime at most plots was of mixed severity through time (66%) and at the remaining plots of low (20%), high (10%), or unknown (4%) severity through time. We suggest that across our study area, the fire regime was mixed severity over the past several centuries, with low-severity fires most common and often extensive but small, high-severity disturbances also occasionally occurred. Our results present strong evidence for the importance of mixed-severity fire regimes in which low-severity fires dominate in interior Douglas-fir - ponderosa pine forests in western Canada. Reference: Heyerdahl, E.K., D. McKenzie, L.D. Daniels, A.E. Hessl, J.S. Littell, and N.J. Mantua. 2008. Climate drivers of regionally synchronous fires in the inland Northwest (1651-1900). International Journal of Wildland Fire. 17:40-49. Establishment data from this site are available at: http://www1.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/firehistory/establishment/northamerica/castn001.dat Comments: Our objective was to reconstruct historical fire severity in a ponderosa pine (Pinus ponderosa) and Rocky Mountain Douglas-fir forest (Pseudotsuga menziesii var. glauca) in the Stein River valley, a west-to-east tributary of the Fraser River in the southern interior of British Columbia, Canada. We collected fire scars and/or increment cores from 48 approximately 2-ha plots. The study area lies in the Stein Valley Nlaka'pamux Heritage Park, approximately 20 km west of the mouth of the Stein River. Details of sampling for most plots are provided in Heyerdahl et al. but we also include data collected during a pilot study that were not used in this publication (plots 22L, 24L, 25L, 26M, 27L, 28M, and 29L). At the seven pilot study plots, we collected and crossdated fire-scarred sections, in a manner similar to that described for the plots analyzed in Heyerdahl et al. 2012. Samples and data are labeled with a three part code (e.g., STN3N29 or STN22L5), as follows: (1) a three-letter site identifier (STN for all samples); (2) a two- or three-character plot indentifier; Most of the samples were taken from the plots that were used in Heyerdahl et al. 2012 and are identified by two characters, with plots identified by column and row, in other words, the southwestern-most plot is 3F, the next plot to the northeast is 3E, and so forth through 5R. However, samples from the pilot study are identified by three characters, ranging from 22L in the east to 29L in the west. A map showing the location of all plots is available at: ftp://ftp.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/firehistory/firescar/northamerica/supplemental/castn001-map.jpg (3) a one- or two-digit tree number. Trees sampled for establishment date were numbered starting with 1 in each plot. Trees sampled for fire scars were also numbered starting with 1 in each plot. Ring-boundary scars were generally assigned to the preceeding calendar year unless there were scars from other trees in the same or adjacent plots with scars in the earlywood. In which case, the ring-boundary scars were assigned to the following calender year. date date number changed changed of from: to: samples ids of samples with date changes 1642 1643 2 3N4, 4N4 1663 1664 11 3J4, 3J5, 3K4, 3N4, 4J1, 4J5, 4K1, 4K3, 4K4, 4K5, 5K1 1682 1683 4 3R1, 3S1, 3S2, 3S3 1711 1712 5 4N1, 4N4, 4O1, 4O2, 5O1 1713 1714 1 3M1 1811 1812 6 3M1, 3M2, 3M3, 3M4, 25L1, 25L5 1830 1831 4 3O2, 3O3, 4F3, 4G2 1842 1843 12 4S5, 4T2, 4T4, 27L1, 27L2, 27L3, 27L4, 26M1, 26M2, 26M3, 26M4, 28L2 1848 1849 1 25L6 1854 1855 4 3S4, 3T1, 3T4, 4S4 1909 1910 1 28M4 1922 1923 2 25L2, 25L6 For the tables below, -999 in any of the fields indicates no data. Plot information: plot,date_sampled,"easting(NAD27,zone 10)","northing(NAD27,zone 10)",elevation_(m),aspect_(degrees),slope_(%),substrate,slope_position,comments 22L,"September 26, 1997",581674,5573500,690,185,70,-999,lower, 24L,"September 26, 1997",579814,5574030,700,182,53,-999,lower, 25L,"September 23, 1997",578902,5574024,665,170,25,-999,lower, 26M,"September 24, 1997",577962,5574116,800,202,70,-999,lower, 27L,"September 22, 1997",577081,5574090,705,148,83,-999,lower, 28M,"September 22, 1997",576247,5574536,817,180,59,-999,lower, 29L,"September 20, 1997",575555,5574251,744,163,77,-999,lower, 3F,"September 22, 1998",570017,5569970,1250,170,89,soil,upper, 3G,"September 23, 1998",570391,5570452,1199,108,45,soil,middle, 3H,"August 5, 1999",570593,5570680,1106,106,28,soil,middle,sampled only two quandrants of the 20 m and 50 m plots 3I,"August 18, 1999",570916,5571050,932,101,27,soil,middle, 3J,"August 12, 1998",571184,5571780,993,178,43,soil,middle,sampled two 10 m plots 3K,"August 13, 1998",571678,5572150,981,148,45,talus,middle, 3L,"August 14, 1998",571986,5572604,1021,122,20,soil,middle, 3M,"August 16, 1998",572351,5573036,1054,139,55,talus,upper,sampled two 10 m plots 3N,"August 28, 1999",572693,5573230,1006,139,50,soil/talus,middle,sampled two 10 m plots and only two quandrants of the 20 m and 50 m plots 3O,"July 1, 1999",573064,5573630,1044,112,43,soil,middle,sampled two 10 m plots 3P,"July 4, 1999",573428,5573980,1024,132,42,talus,middle, 3Q,"June 20, 1998",574257,5574240,1036,150,70,soil,middle, 3R,"June 19, 1998",574767,5574560,1097,155,35,soil,middle, 3S,"June 17, 1998",574935,5574800,1164,140,55,soil,middle, 3T,"June 16, 1998",575264,5574950,1152,170,90,talus,upper, 4F,"September 21, 1998",570593,5569700,996,111,65,soil/talus,middle,sampled two 10 m plots 4G,"September 20, 1998",570893,5570200,978,120,55,soil/talus,middle,sampled two 10 m plots 4H,"August 2, 1999",571021,5570500,939,125,35,soil,middle, 4I,"August 19, 1999",571169,5570960,878,87,35,soil,middle, 4J,"August 10, 1998",571589,5571469,868,135,40,soil,middle, 4K,"August 9, 1998",571867,5571917,878,117,35,soil,middle, 4L,"August 8, 1998",572220,5572190,859,116,31,soil,middle,sampled only two quandrants of the 20 m and 50 m plots 4M,"August 8, 1998",572622,5572400,832,128,58,soil,middle, 4N,"August 7, 1998",573012,5572950,890,120,47,talus,middle, 4O,"July 11, 1998",573274,5573271,902,130,20,talus,middle, 4P,"May 22, 1998",574123,5573617,811,160,33,talus,middle,sampled two 10 m plots 4Q,"May 23, 1998",574502,5573900,841,135,32,talus,middle, 4R,"June 12, 1998",574899,5574183,862,160,50,soil/talus,middle, 4S,"June 13, 1998",575186,5574490,911,140,30,soil/talus,middle,sampled two 10 m plots 4T,"June 14, 1998",575707,5574790,963,158,30,talus,middle,sampled two 10 m plots 5F,"Septermber 26, 1998",571094,5569550,759,135,40,soil,middle, 5G,"September 25, 1998",571367,5569840,716,130,32,soil,lower, 5H,"September 27, 1998",571534,5570245,731,130,50,soil,middle, 5I,"August 13, 1999",571655,5570610,762,120,30,soil,lower, 5K,"July 6, 1998",572216,5571413,719,140,55,soil,lower, 5L,"July 8, 1998",572440,5571703,698,-999,0,soil,flat, 5N,"July 10, 1998",573165,5572452,716,80,8,soil,flat,sampled two 10 m plots and only two quandrants of the 20 m and 50 m plots 5O,"July 11, 1998",573524,5572820,682,-999,0,soil,flat, 5P,"June 19, 1998",574100,5573360,731,135,45,soil,lower, 5Q,"May 21, 1998",574551,5573623,667,-999,0,soil,flat, 5R,"June 11, 1998",575055,5573910,664,-999,0,soil,flat,"sampled only two quadrants of the 10 m plot, two quandrants of the 20 m plot, and 40% of the 50 m plot" Scarred tree information: tree ID,number of samples dated,number of scars dated,number of eroded scars dated,species,status when sampled STN22L1,2,12,0,Pseudotsuga menziesii,log STN22L2,1,7,1,Pinus ponderosa,live STN22L3,1,4,0,Pseudotsuga menziesii,live STN24L1,1,6,0,Pinus ponderosa,live STN24L2,1,5,1,Pinus ponderosa,live STN24L3,1,10,1,Pinus ponderosa,log STN24L4,2,7,0,Pseudotsuga menziesii,snag STN25L1,1,15,2,Pseudotsuga menziesii,live STN25L2,1,12,0,Pseudotsuga menziesii,live STN25L3,3,30,0,Pinus ponderosa,log STN25L4,2,13,3,Pinus ponderosa,log STN25L5,1,11,0,Pinus ponderosa,snag STN25L6,1,13,0,Pinus ponderosa,snag STN26M1,1,4,0,Pinus ponderosa,live STN26M2,1,4,0,Pinus ponderosa,live STN26M3,1,6,1,Pinus ponderosa,stump STN26M4,1,4,0,Pinus ponderosa,live STN27L1,1,4,1,Pinus ponderosa,log STN27L2,1,5,0,Pinus ponderosa,live STN27L3,1,2,0,Pinus ponderosa,live STN27L4,1,4,0,Pinus ponderosa,live STN28M1,0,0,0,Pinus ponderosa,log STN28M2,1,6,2,Pinus ponderosa,live STN28M3,1,4,0,Pinus ponderosa,live STN28M4,1,5,0,Pinus ponderosa,live STN29L1,1,4,0,Pinus ponderosa,live STN29L2,1,6,1,Pinus ponderosa,live STN29L3,1,9,0,Pinus ponderosa,live STN29L4,1,10,0,Pinus ponderosa,snag STN29L5,1,6,1,Pseudotsuga menziesii,live STN3J1,1,5,4,Pinus ponderosa,log STN3J2,1,4,0,Pinus ponderosa,log STN3J3,1,6,0,Pinus ponderosa,snag STN3J4,1,11,0,Pinus ponderosa,log STN3J5,1,3,0,Pinus ponderosa,log STN3K1,0,0,0,Pseudotsuga menziesii,snag STN3K2,1,6,0,Pinus ponderosa,live STN3K3,1,7,3,Pinus ponderosa,snag STN3K4,1,6,0,Pinus ponderosa,log STN3M1,1,7,0,Pseudotsuga menziesii,snag STN3M2,1,5,1,Pinus ponderosa,live STN3M3,1,3,0,Pinus ponderosa,snag STN3M4,2,14,0,Pinus ponderosa,log STN3N1,1,7,0,Pinus ponderosa,snag STN3N2,2,13,2,Pinus ponderosa,log STN3N3,1,7,1,Pinus ponderosa,snag STN3N4,1,11,1,Pinus ponderosa,log STN3O1,1,8,0,Pseudotsuga menziesii,-999 STN3O2,1,4,0,Pinus ponderosa,live STN3O3,1,4,3,Pinus ponderosa,live STN3O4,1,6,2,Pseudotsuga menziesii,-999 STN3O5,1,9,0,Pseudotsuga menziesii,-999 STN3P1,0,0,0,Pinus ponderosa,-999 STN3P2,1,3,0,Pinus ponderosa,-999 STN3Q1,1,8,0,Pinus ponderosa,log STN3Q2,1,4,0,Pinus ponderosa,log STN3Q3,0,0,0,Pinus ponderosa,live STN3Q4,1,5,1,Pinus ponderosa,live STN3R1,1,7,3,Pinus ponderosa,snag STN3R2,1,7,0,Pinus ponderosa,snag STN3R3,2,12,0,Pinus ponderosa,log STN3R4,2,7,0,Pinus ponderosa,log STN3R5,1,5,0,Pinus ponderosa,live STN3S1,1,8,3,Pinus ponderosa,live STN3S2,1,11,0,Pinus ponderosa,log STN3S3,1,8,1,Pinus ponderosa,live STN3S4,1,7,0,Pinus ponderosa,log STN3T1,1,6,0,Pinus ponderosa,snag STN3T2,1,6,1,Pinus ponderosa,log STN3T3,1,6,0,Pinus ponderosa,log STN3T4,2,11,2,Pinus ponderosa,log STN4F1,1,4,1,Pinus ponderosa,live STN4F2,1,5,0,Pinus ponderosa,live STN4F3,1,4,0,Pinus ponderosa,live STN4F4,1,3,0,Pinus ponderosa,log STN4F5,1,10,0,Pinus ponderosa,snag STN4G1,0,0,0,Pseudotsuga menziesii,live STN4G2,1,5,0,Pinus ponderosa,snag STN4G3,1,2,2,Pinus ponderosa,log STN4G4,0,0,0,Pinus ponderosa,-999 STN4I1,1,5,0,Pinus ponderosa,snag STN4J1,2,8,0,Pinus ponderosa,snag STN4J2,2,12,0,Pinus ponderosa,snag STN4J3,1,7,0,Pinus ponderosa,snag STN4J4,1,6,1,Pinus ponderosa,snag STN4J5,1,5,0,Pinus ponderosa,snag STN4K1,1,11,0,Pinus ponderosa,snag STN4K2,1,7,2,Pinus ponderosa,snag STN4K3,1,13,1,Pinus ponderosa,snag STN4K4,2,14,0,Pinus ponderosa,snag STN4K5,2,13,2,Pinus ponderosa,log STN4L1,1,6,0,Pinus ponderosa,live STN4L2,1,5,0,Pinus ponderosa,live STN4L3,1,10,0,Pinus ponderosa,live STN4L4,1,4,0,Pinus ponderosa,snag STN4L5,1,9,0,Pinus ponderosa,live STN4M1,2,16,0,Pinus ponderosa,snag STN4M2,2,12,0,Pinus ponderosa,log STN4M3,1,10,0,Pinus ponderosa,snag STN4M4,1,15,0,Pinus ponderosa,snag STN4M5,2,14,0,Pinus ponderosa,log STN4N1,1,9,0,Pinus ponderosa,live STN4N2,1,7,0,Pinus ponderosa,log STN4N3,2,14,0,Pinus ponderosa,log STN4N4,2,11,0,Pinus ponderosa,log STN4O1,2,9,0,Pinus ponderosa,log STN4O2,1,7,0,Pinus ponderosa,snag STN4O3,1,3,0,Pinus ponderosa,live STN4O4,1,4,0,Pinus ponderosa,live STN4O5,2,12,2,Pinus ponderosa,snag STN4P1,1,10,1,Pinus ponderosa,live STN4P2,1,10,0,Pinus ponderosa,live STN4P3,1,14,0,Pinus ponderosa,stump STN4P4,1,10,3,Pinus ponderosa,live STN4P5,1,10,0,Pinus ponderosa,live STN4Q1,2,15,4,Pinus ponderosa,snag STN4Q2,1,9,2,Pinus ponderosa,log STN4Q3,1,7,0,Pinus ponderosa,log STN4Q4,1,8,0,Pinus ponderosa,snag STN4Q5,1,8,0,Pinus ponderosa,live STN4R1,1,10,0,Pinus ponderosa,live STN4R2,1,8,0,Pinus ponderosa,snag STN4R3,1,10,0,Pinus ponderosa,live STN4R4,1,9,0,Pinus ponderosa,log STN4R5,1,7,0,Pinus ponderosa,snag STN4S1,1,6,0,Pinus ponderosa,snag STN4S2,1,3,0,Pinus ponderosa,log STN4S3,1,4,0,Pinus ponderosa,log STN4S4,1,8,1,Pinus ponderosa,live STN4S5,1,8,0,Pinus ponderosa,live STN4T1,1,6,0,Pinus ponderosa,live STN4T2,2,10,0,Pinus ponderosa,log STN4T3,1,5,3,Pinus ponderosa,live STN4T4,1,9,0,Pinus ponderosa,snag STN5F1,0,0,0,Pseudotsuga menziesii,live STN5F2,1,4,2,Pinus ponderosa,live STN5F3,1,3,0,Pinus ponderosa,live STN5G1,1,5,0,Pinus ponderosa,live STN5G2,1,3,0,Pinus ponderosa,log STN5G3,1,4,1,Pinus ponderosa,live STN5G4,1,2,0,Pinus ponderosa,log STN5H1,1,2,0,Pinus ponderosa,live STN5H2,1,2,0,Pinus ponderosa,snag STN5I1,1,11,0,Pinus ponderosa,log STN5I2,0,0,0,Pinus ponderosa,log STN5I3,1,5,1,Pinus ponderosa,snag STN5I4,2,6,0,Pinus ponderosa,snag STN5K1,1,10,0,Pinus ponderosa,live STN5K2,1,3,0,Pinus ponderosa,live STN5K3,2,11,0,Pinus ponderosa,log STN5K4,1,7,3,Pseudotsuga menziesii,live STN5K5,1,3,0,Pinus ponderosa,log STN5O1,1,8,1,Pinus ponderosa,snag STN5O2,1,3,0,Pinus ponderosa,snag STN5O3,1,2,0,Pinus ponderosa,log STN5O4,3,12,0,Pinus ponderosa,log STN5O5,2,10,2,Pinus ponderosa,snag STN5P1,1,8,1,Pinus ponderosa,snag STN5P2,1,9,1,Pinus ponderosa,snag STN5P3,1,8,0,Pinus ponderosa,log STN5P4,1,5,0,Pinus ponderosa,live STN5P5,1,6,0,Pinus ponderosa,snag Fire History Graphs: Fire History Graphs illustrate specific years when fires occurred and how many trees were scarred. They are available in both PDF and PNG formats. The graphs consist of 2 parts, both of which show the X axis (time line) at the bottom with the earliest year of information on the left and the latest on the right. The Fire Index Plot is the topmost plot, and shows two variables: sample depth (the number of recording trees in each year) as a blue line along the left Y axis, compared with the percent trees scarred shown as gray bars along the right Y axis. Below, the Fire Chronology Plot consists of horizontal lines representing injuries by year on individual sampled trees. Symbols are overlain that denote the years containing the dendrochronologically-dated fire scars or injuries. The sample ID of each tree is displayed to the right of each line. The Composite Axis below represents the composite information from all individual series. The symbols used to represent the fire scars or injuries, and the filters used to determine the composite information, are shown in the legend. These graphs were created using the Fire History Analysis and Exploration System (FHAES). See http://www.fhaes.org for more information.