Solon - USS--001 Azpeleta Tarancón, Alicia.; Fulé, Peter, Z.; Sánchez Meador, Andrew, J.; Kim, Yeon-Su; Padilla, Thora Dating method: crossdated Sample storage location: Northern Arizona University, School of Forestry, 200 East Pine Knoll Drive, Flagstaff, Arizona 86011 (Pete.Fule@nau.edu, 928-523-6636) Reference: Azpeleta Tarancon, A., Fulé, P.Z., Sanchez Meador, A.J., Azpeleta, A., Yeon-Su, K., Padilla, T 2018. Spatiotemporal variability of fire regimes in adjacent Native American and public forests, New Mexico, USA.. Proquest. Abstract: Statistical descriptions of reconstructed fire regimes are often extrapolated from a composite of small forest stands to represent extensive geographical areas. However, statistical properties of fire regimes are scale-dependent, thus causing some extrapolations from fine scale to coarse scale and comparisons between fire-scar-based reconstructions to be inappropriate. We assessed landscape fire regimes of the Sacramento Mountains, in southern New Mexico, using dendrochronological methods and a variety of fire statistics and analysis filters. We reconstructed historical and recent fire regimes for the Mescalero Apache Tribal Lands (MATL) at tree and site scale (25 ha). We then estimated the Sacramento Mountains historical and recent fire regimes by combining paleo fire data from this study with published data from the adjacent Lincoln National Forest (LNF). We applied filters to provide fire statistics that are relatively unbiased to the different spatial measurement extent of the studies. This is the first study to assess fire regime in the MATL over multiple spatial and temporal scales. The results show that frequent surface fires occurred at all scales in the Sacramento Mountains until fire was excluded from the landscape in the early 1900s. Historical fires were found to be synchronous with drought years, typically La Nina events, and often preceded by wet years. We did not find evidence supporting differences in fire regimes between the MATL and the LNF, suggesting that fire cessation following intensive Euro-American settlement was widespread. The interruption of frequent surface fires, together with other changes in forest structure and climate, pose a significant threat to sustainability of forest ecosystems on Native American tribal lands. Reference: Azpeleta Tarancon, A., Fulé, P.Z., Sanchez Meador, A.J., Azpeleta, A., Yeon-Su, K. , Padilla, T 2018. Spatiotemporal variability of fire regimes in adjacent Native American and public forests, New Mexico, USA. Ecosphere. 9:11DOI 9(11):e02492.10.1002/ecs2.2492. Abstract: Statistical descriptions of reconstructed fire regimes are often extrapolated from a composite of small forest stands to represent extensive geographical areas. However, statistical properties of fire regimes are scale-dependent, thus causing some extrapolations from fine scale to coarse scale and comparisons between fire-scar-based reconstructions to be inappropriate. We assessed landscape fire regimes of the Sacramento Mountains, in southern New Mexico, using dendrochronological methods and a variety of fire statistics and analysis filters. We reconstructed historical and recent fire regimes for the Mescalero Apache Tribal Lands (MATL) at tree and site scale (25 ha). We then estimated the Sacramento Mountains historical and recent fire regimes by combining paleo fire data from this study with published data from the adjacent Lincoln National Forest (LNF). We applied filters to provide fire statistics that are relatively unbiased to the different spatial measurement extent of the studies. This is the first study to assess fire regime in the MATL over multiple spatial and temporal scales. The results show that frequent surface fires occurred at all scales in the Sacramento Mountains until fire was excluded from the landscape in the early 1900s. Historical fires were found to be synchronous with drought years, typically La Nina events, and often preceded by wet years. We did not find evidence supporting differences in fire regimes between the MATL and the LNF, suggesting that fire cessation following intensive Euro-American settlement was widespread. The interruption of frequent surface fires, together with other changes in forest structure and climate, pose a significant threat to sustainability of forest ecosystems on Native American tribal lands. NOAA/IMPD web landing page for this fire history site is available at: https://ncdc.noaa.gov/paleo/study/26072 NOAA/IMPD DIF and JSON metadata records for this fire history site are available at: https://www1.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/metadata/published/paleo/dif/xml/noaa-fire-26072.xml and https://www1.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/metadata/published/paleo/json/noaa-fire-26072.json FHX filename: uss--001.fhx IMPD code: USS--001 Name of site: Solon Site code: S Contributors: Azpeleta Tarancón, Alicia.; Fulé, Peter, Z.; Sánchez Meador, Andrew, J.; Kim, Yeon-Su; Padilla, Thora Latitude: 33.051347 (WGS84) Longitude: -105.556574 (WGS84) Mean elevation: 2243 (meters) Country: United States State: New Mexico Region: south central New Mexico First year: 1599 AD Last year: 2012 AD Species name: Pinus ponderosa [PIPO], Pinus strobus [PIST] Funding agency names and grant numbers: United States Department of Agriculture, National Institute of Food and Agriculture (grant # 2015-67019-23185), McIntire-Stennis appropriations to Northern Arizona University and the state of Arizona Comments: This site was sampled to assess the spatiotemporal variability of fire regimes on Mescalero Apache lands and lands adjacent. Fire History Graphs: Fire History Graphs illustrate specific years when fires occurred and how many trees were scarred. They are available in both PDF and PNG formats. The graphs consist of 2 parts, both of which show the X axis (time line) at the bottom with the earliest year of information on the left and the latest on the right. The Fire Index Plot is the topmost plot, and shows two variables: sample depth (the number of recording trees in each year) as a blue line along the left Y axis, compared with the percent trees scarred shown as gray bars along the right Y axis. Below, the Fire Chronology Plot consists of horizontal lines representing injuries by year on individual sampled trees. Symbols are overlain that denote the years containing the dendrochronologically-dated fire scars or injuries. The sample ID of each tree is displayed to the right of each line. The Composite Axis below represents the composite information from all individual series. The symbols used to represent the fire scars or injuries, and the filters used to determine the composite information, are shown in the legend. These graphs were created using the Fire History Analysis and Exploration System (FHAES). See http://www.fhaes.org for more information.