# Neotropical Last Glacial Maximum Vegetation Reconstructions #----------------------------------------------------------------------- # World Data Service for Paleoclimatology, Boulder # and # NOAA Paleoclimatology Program # National Centers for Environmental Information (NCEI) #----------------------------------------------------------------------- # Template Version 3.0 # Encoding: UTF-8 # NOTE: Please cite Publication, and Online_Resource and date accessed when using these data. # If there is no publication information, please cite Investigators, Title, and Online_Resource and date accessed. # # Online_Resource: https://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/paleo/study/33392 # Description: NOAA Landing Page # Online_Resource: https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/gcmoutput/sato2021/readme-sato2021.txt # Description: NOAA location of the template # # Original_Source_URL: # Description: # # Description/Documentation lines begin with # # Data lines have no # # # Data Type: Paleoclimate Modeling # # Dataset DOI: # # Parameter_Keywords: other model #-------------------- # Contribution_Date # Date: 2021-05-11 #-------------------- # File_Last_Modified_Date # Date: 2021-05-11 #-------------------- # Title # Study_Name: Neotropical Last Glacial Maximum Vegetation Reconstructions #-------------------- # Investigators # Investigators: Sato, H.; Kelley, D.I.; Martin Calvo, M.; Prentice, I.C. #-------------------- # Description_Notes_and_Keywords # Description: # The data in this archive consists of vegetation reconstructions (netCDF) of the Neotropics during the Last Glacial Maximum (LGM) by LPX-DGVM. # LPX was driven by four LGM climate reconstructions from PMIP2 (CNRM-CM33, FGOALS-1.0g, HadCM3M2, MIROC3.2). Variables include fpc, height, and biome cover (Calculated) # The purpose of this data was to assess the long-term stability of Neotropical forests, including Amazonia, with respect to climatic change and low CO2. # This was ultimately used in the context of the macroecology of the region. # # Data Archive for LPX LGM Vegetation Reconstructions: # This data set contains 40 files = 5 driving climate inputs x (4 raw outputs of vegetation reconstructions + 4 post-processed biome reconstructions) # xx_foff: LPX output driven by 'xx' with LGM CO2 and fire turned off. # xx_foff_biomes: Biome reconstruction for LPX output driven by 'xx' with LGM CO2 and fire turned off. # # xx_fon: LPX output driven by 'xx' with LGM CO2 and fire turned on. # xx_fon_biomes: Biome reconstruction for LPX output driven by 'xx' with LGM CO2 and fire turned on. # # xx_pico2_FOFF: LPX output driven by 'xx' with Pre-Industrial CO2 and fire turned off. # xx_pico2_FOFF_biomes: Biome reconstruction for LPX output driven by 'xx' with Pre-Industrial CO2 and fire turned off. # # xx_pico2_FON: LPX output driven by 'xx' with Pre-Industrial CO2 and fire turned on. # xx_pico2_FON_biomes: Biome reconstruction for LPX output driven by 'xx' with Pre-Industrial CO2 and fire turned on. # # Climate Model legend (xx): # # 4ave: Average of four climate reconstructions # CNRM: CNRM-CM33 # FGOALS: FGOALS-1.0g # HAD: HadCM3M2 # MIROC: MIROC3.2 # #-------------------- # Publication # Authors: Hiromitsu Sato, Douglas I. Kelley, Stephen J. Mayor, Maria Martin Calvo, Sharon A. Cowling, Iain Colin Prentice # Published_Date_or_Year: 2021-07-29 # Published_Title: Dry corridors opened by fire and low CO2 in Amazonian rainforest during the Last Glacial Maximum # Journal_Name: Nature Geoscience # Volume: 14 # Edition: NGS-2019-07-01558D # Issue: # Pages: # Report_Number: # DOI: 10.1038/s41561-021-00777-2 # Online_Resource: https://www.nature.com/articles/s41561-021-00777-2 # Full_Citation: # Abstract: The dynamics of Amazonian rainforest over long timescales connect closely to its rich biodiversity. While palaeoecological studies have suggested its stability through the Pleistocene, palaeontological evidence indicates the past existence of major expansions of savannah and grassland. Here we present integrated modelling evidence for a grassier Neotropics during the Last Glacial Maximum, congruent with palaeoecological and biological studies. Vegetation reconstructions were generated using the land processes and exchanges model, driven by model reconstructions of Last Glacial Maximum climate, and compared with palynological data. A factorial experiment was performed to quantify the impacts of fire and low CO2 on vegetation and model-data agreement. Fire and low CO2 both individually and interactively induced widespread expansion of savannah and grassland biomes while improving model-data agreement. The interactive effects of fire and low CO2 induced the greatest 'savannafication' of the Neotropics, providing integrated evidence for a number of biogeographically relevant open vegetation formations, including two dry corridors (paths of savannah and grassland through and around Amazonia that facilitated major dispersal and evolutionary diversification events). Our results show a bimodality in tree cover that was driven by fire and further enhanced by 'CO2 deprivation', which suggests biome instability in this region of climate space. #------------------ # Publication # Authors: Nelson Buainain, Roberta Canton, Gabriela Zuquim, Hanna Tuomisto, Tomas Hrbek, Hiromitsu Sato, Camila C. Ribas # Published_Date_or_Year: 2020-08-01 # Published_Title: Paleoclimatic evolution as the main driver of current genomic diversity in the widespread and polymorphic Neotropical songbird Arremon taciturnus # Journal_Name: Molecular Ecology # Volume: 29 # Edition: # Issue: 15 # Pages: 2922-2939 # Report_Number: # DOI: 10.1111/mec.15534 # Online_Resource: https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/mec.15534 # Full_Citation: # Abstract: Several factors have been proposed as drivers of species diversification in the Neotropics, including environmental heterogeneity, the development of drainage systems and historical changes in forest distribution due to climatic oscillations. Here, we investigate which drivers contributed to the evolutionary history and current patterns of diversity of a polymorphic songbird (Arremon taciturnus) that is widely distributed in Amazonian and Atlantic forests as well as in Cerrado gallery and seasonally-dry forests. We use genomic, phenotypic and habitat heterogeneity data coupled with climatic niche modelling. Results suggest the evolutionary history of the species is mainly related to paleoclimatic changes, although changes in the strength of the Amazon river as a barrier to dispersal, current habitat heterogeneity and geographic distance were also relevant. We propose an ancestral distribution in the Guyana Shield, and recent colonization of areas south of the Amazon river at ~380 to 166 kya, and expansion of the distribution to southern Amazonia, Cerrado and the Atlantic Forest. Since then, populations south of the Amazon River have been subjected to cycles of isolation and possibly secondary contact due to climatic changes that affected habitat heterogeneity and population connectivity. Most Amazonian rivers are not associated with long lasting isolation of populations, but some might act as secondary barriers, susceptible to crossing under specific climatic conditions. Morphological variation, while stable in some parts of the distribution, is not a reliable indicator of genetic structure or phylogenetic relationships. #------------------ # Funding_Agency # Funding_Agency_Name: US National Science Foundation # Grant: Dimensions of Amazonian Biodiversity #------------------ # Site_Information # Site_Name: Neotropics # Location: South America>Amazonia # Country: # Northernmost_Latitude: 24.75 # Southernmost_Latitude: -59.75 # Easternmost_Longitude: -30.25 # Westernmost_Longitude: -119.75 # Elevation: #------------------ # Data_Collection # Collection_Name: Sato2021Veg # Earliest_Year: -21001 # Most_Recent_Year: -21000 # Time_Unit: Cal. Year BP # Core_Length: # Notes: #------------------ # Chronology_Information # Chronology: # #---------------- # Variables # # Data variables follow are preceded by "##" in columns one and two. # Data line variables format: one per line, shortname-tab-variable components (what, material, error, units, seasonality, data type,detail, method, C or N for Character or Numeric data, free text) # ## lat latitude, , , degree north, , Paleoclimatic Modeling, , ,N, ## long longitude, , , degree east, , Paleoclimatic Modeling, , ,N, ## biome biome, , , dimensionless, , Paleoclimatic Modeling, , ,N, Tropical Humid Forest = "1"; Tropical Dry Forest = "2"; Warm Temperate Forest = "3"; Temperate Evergreen Forest = "4"; Temperate Deciduous Forest = "5"; Boreal Evergreen Forest = "6"; Boreal Deciduous Forest = "7"; Tropical Savannah = "8"; Sclerophyll Woodland = "9"; Temperate Parkland = "10"; Boreal Parkland = "11"; Dry Grass or Shrub = "12"; Hot Desert = "13"; Shrub Tundra = "14"; Tundra = "15" ## month age, , , month of year, , Paleoclimatic Modeling, , ,N, ## pft plant functional type, , , dimensionless, , Paleoclimatic Modeling, , ,N, ## height canopy height, , , meter, , Paleoclimatic Modeling, , ,N, ## gdd_grid growing degree days, , , kelvin day, , Paleoclimatic Modeling, , , N, ## lai_ind leaf area index, , , dimensionless, , Paleoclimatic Modeling, , , N, ## fpc_grid foliage projective cover, , , dimensionless, , Paleoclimatic Modeling, , , N, ## mfire_frac burned area, , , fraction, , Paleoclimatic Modeling, , , N, # #---------------- # Data: # Data lines follow (have no #) # Data line format - tab-delimited text, variable short name as header # Missing Values: # # data in netCDF files, described above #