Swiss Grape Harvest Dates and Spring/Summer Temperature Reconstruction ----------------------------------------------------------------------- World Data Center for Paleoclimatology, Boulder and NOAA Paleoclimatology Program ----------------------------------------------------------------------- NOTE: PLEASE CITE CONTRIBUTORS WHEN USING THIS DATA!!!!! NAME OF DATA SET: Swiss Grape Harvest Dates and Spring/Summer Temperature Reconstruction LAST UPDATE: 2/2008 (Original receipt by WDC Paleo) CONTRIBUTOR: Nicole Meier, University of Bern IGBP PAGES/WDCA CONTRIBUTION SERIES NUMBER: 2008-015 SUGGESTED DATA CITATION: Meier, N., et al. 2008. Swiss Grape Harvest Dates and Spring/Summer Temperature Reconstruction. IGBP PAGES/World Data Center for Paleoclimatology Data Contribution Series # 2008-015. NOAA/NCDC Paleoclimatology Program, Boulder CO, USA. ORIGINAL REFERENCE: Meier, N., T. Rutishauser, C. Pfister, H. Wanner, and J. Luterbacher. 2007. Grape harvest dates as a proxy for Swiss April to August temperature reconstructions back to AD 1480. Geophys. Res. Lett., 34, L20705, doi:10.1029/2007GL031381. ABSTRACT: We present an annually resolved record of grape harvest dates for Switzerland. The strong negative relationship between grape harvest dates and April-August temperatures allowed a new reconstruction, with associated uncertainties, to be derived back to 1480. Calibration (1928-1979) was performed with monthly data from the Basel and Geneva stations and verified over 1980-2006. Twelve days of grape harvest difference correspond to around 1ºC April-August temperature difference. Periods cooler (late grape harvest dates) than the 1961-1990 mean are reconstructed during the 17th century and at the beginning of the 19th century. Warmer conditions were experienced in the early 18th century and during the recent decades, in agreement with grape harvest temperature reconstructions from France and other independent temperature estimates. On decadal (annual) time-scales the earliest harvests were in the 1580s (2003) and the latest vintages in the 1740s (1816). Large tropical volcanic eruptions led to significantly later grape harvest dates (cooling) one to two years after the event. GEOGRAPHIC REGION: Switzerland PERIOD OF RECORD: 1480 - 2006 AD FUNDING SOURCES: Swiss National Science Foundation (project "Past, Present and Future Climate Impact on Spring and Summer Vegetation – a Phenological Approach" contract 205321-105691/1) and through its National Center of Competence in Research on Climate (NCCR-Climate), projects PALVAREX and CAPRICORN and the Oeschger Centre for Climate Change Research. The publication is financially supported by the Foundation Marchese Francesco Medici del Vascello. DESCRIPTION: Annual median grape harvest dates for 15 locations in the Swiss Plateau region and north-western Switzerland, plus phenological reconstruction of April - August temperature. DATA: Column 1: Year AD Column 2: Median time series of Swiss grape harvest dates, number of days after January 1 Column 3: Reconstructed April - August temperature anomalies (wrt 1961-1990) Year DoY Rec. Value 1480 291 -0.47 1481 NA NA 1482 NA NA 1483 NA NA 1484 NA NA 1485 NA NA 1486 NA NA 1487 NA NA 1488 NA NA 1489 NA NA 1490 NA NA 1491 NA NA 1492 NA NA 1493 NA NA 1494 NA NA 1495 NA NA 1496 287 -0.18 1497 266 1.34 1498 277 0.55 1499 278 0.47 1500 NA NA 1501 NA NA 1502 NA NA 1503 NA NA 1504 NA NA 1505 NA NA 1506 NA NA 1507 NA NA 1508 NA NA 1509 NA NA 1510 NA NA 1511 NA NA 1512 NA NA 1513 NA NA 1514 NA NA 1515 NA NA 1516 NA NA 1517 NA NA 1518 NA NA 1519 NA NA 1520 NA NA 1521 NA NA 1522 NA NA 1523 NA NA 1524 NA NA 1525 NA NA 1526 276 0.62 1527 299 -1.05 1528 282 0.18 1529 297 -0.87 1530 293 -0.62 1531 280 0.33 1532 NA NA 1533 282 0.18 1534 NA NA 1535 NA NA 1536 NA NA 1537 NA NA 1538 NA NA 1539 NA NA 1540 254 2.21 1541 NA NA 1542 312 -1.99 1543 NA NA 1544 NA NA 1545 NA NA 1546 NA NA 1547 NA NA 1548 NA NA 1549 264 1.49 1550 283 0.15 1551 272 0.94 1552 268 1.23 1553 285 0 1554 277 0.55 1555 292 -0.51 1556 271 0.98 1557 282 0.18 1558 281 0.29 1559 267 1.27 1560 278 0.47 1561 271 0.98 1562 272 0.91 1563 287 -0.18 1564 279 0.44 1565 271 0.98 1566 272 0.91 1567 273 0.84 1568 286 -0.11 1569 NA NA 1570 292 -0.54 1571 266 1.34 1572 275 0.69 1573 295 -0.76 1574 277 0.55 1575 281 0.26 1576 287 -0.18 1577 286 -0.11 1578 282 0.18 1579 291 -0.47 1580 275 0.69 1581 NA NA 1582 NA NA 1583 265 1.42 1584 NA NA 1585 NA NA 1586 279 0.4 1587 NA NA 1588 283 0.11 1589 NA NA 1590 263 1.56 1591 280 0.33 1592 NA NA 1593 NA NA 1594 292 -0.54 1595 290 -0.4 1596 NA NA 1597 298 -0.98 1598 NA NA 1599 264 1.49 1600 299 -1.05 1601 293 -0.58 1602 272 0.94 1603 267 1.27 1604 273 0.87 1605 276 0.62 1606 296 -0.83 1607 273 0.84 1608 288 -0.25 1609 286 -0.11 1610 271 0.98 1611 264 1.49 1612 284 0.04 1613 282 0.18 1614 288 -0.25 1615 268 1.2 1616 257 2.03 1617 295 -0.76 1618 295 -0.76 1619 273 0.87 1620 285 -0.04 1621 299 -1.05 1622 283 0.11 1623 277 0.55 1624 266 1.34 1625 285 -0.04 1626 279 0.4 1627 299 -1.01 1628 307 -1.63 1629 269 1.13 1630 274 0.8 1631 272 0.94 1632 293 -0.62 1633 287 -0.18 1634 279 0.4 1635 277 0.55 1636 267 1.27 1637 264 1.49 1638 260 1.78 1639 284 0.04 1640 285 -0.04 1641 287 -0.14 1642 294 -0.69 1643 290 -0.36 1644 273 0.84 1645 270 1.05 1646 281 0.26 1647 283 0.15 1648 288 -0.25 1649 295 -0.76 1650 290 -0.4 1651 278 0.47 1652 287 -0.18 1653 272 0.91 1654 289 -0.29 1655 284 0.04 1656 279 0.4 1657 278 0.51 1658 287 -0.18 1659 268 1.2 1660 271 0.98 1661 279 0.44 1662 290 -0.36 1663 293 -0.62 1664 282 0.22 1665 276 0.62 1666 273 0.84 1667 293 -0.58 1668 278 0.47 1669 273 0.84 1670 286 -0.11 1671 278 0.47 1672 288 -0.22 1673 300 -1.09 1674 291 -0.47 1675 311 -1.88 1676 268 1.2 1677 291 -0.47 1678 279 0.4 1679 278 0.47 1680 286 -0.11 1681 277 0.55 1682 295 -0.72 1683 287 -0.18 1684 271 0.98 1685 287 -0.18 1686 268 1.2 1687 286 -0.11 1688 288 -0.25 1689 295 -0.76 1690 289 -0.29 1691 287 -0.14 1692 308 -1.7 1693 286 -0.11 1694 284 0.04 1695 305 -1.49 1696 292 -0.51 1697 287 -0.18 1698 313 -2.07 1699 295 -0.76 1700 298 -0.98 1701 286 -0.07 1702 300 -1.12 1703 287 -0.18 1704 268 1.2 1705 289 -0.33 1706 270 1.05 1707 287 -0.14 1708 278 0.47 1709 291 -0.47 1710 278 0.51 1711 290 -0.4 1712 283 0.11 1713 291 -0.47 1714 293 -0.58 1715 277 0.55 1716 296 -0.83 1717 281 0.26 1718 255 2.18 1719 262 1.63 1720 279 0.4 1721 279 0.4 1722 279 0.4 1723 281 0.26 1724 285 -0.04 1725 290 -0.4 1726 273 0.87 1727 279 0.4 1728 274 0.76 1729 286 -0.11 1730 289 -0.33 1731 287 -0.14 1732 286 -0.11 1733 284 0.04 1734 287 -0.14 1735 294 -0.69 1736 281 0.26 1737 285 -0.04 1738 287 -0.18 1739 290 -0.36 1740 290 -0.36 1741 293 -0.62 1742 303 -1.34 1743 299 -1.05 1744 295 -0.76 1745 299 -1.01 1746 289 -0.29 1747 289 -0.33 1748 291 -0.47 1749 295 -0.76 1750 289 -0.33 1751 298 -0.98 1752 296 -0.83 1753 290 -0.4 1754 294 -0.65 1755 288 -0.25 1756 298 -0.98 1757 297 -0.91 1758 296 -0.83 1759 280 0.36 1760 279 0.4 1761 283 0.11 1762 279 0.4 1763 290 -0.4 1764 288 -0.25 1765 294 -0.69 1766 294 -0.69 1767 302 -1.27 1768 292 -0.54 1769 297 -0.91 1770 299 -1.05 1771 288 -0.25 1772 287 -0.18 1773 302 -1.27 1774 284 0.07 1775 291 -0.47 1776 292 -0.54 1777 292 -0.54 1778 285 -0.04 1779 284 0.04 1780 279 0.4 1781 276 0.62 1782 295 -0.72 1783 284 0.04 1784 283 0.15 1785 298 -0.98 1786 292 -0.51 1787 296 -0.8 1788 274 0.8 1789 289 -0.29 1790 288 -0.25 1791 284 0.04 1792 290 -0.4 1793 283 0.15 1794 271 0.98 1795 278 0.47 1796 290 -0.4 1797 283 0.11 1798 281 0.26 1799 301 -1.2 1800 278 0.47 1801 284 0.04 1802 278 0.47 1803 290 -0.4 1804 288 -0.25 1805 301 -1.2 1806 288 -0.25 1807 274 0.76 1808 288 -0.25 1809 303 -1.34 1810 288 -0.25 1811 275 0.69 1812 299 -1.05 1813 298 -0.98 1814 298 -0.98 1815 286 -0.11 1816 315 -2.21 1817 297 -0.87 1818 285 -0.04 1819 284 0.04 1820 291 -0.47 1821 307 -1.59 1822 258 1.96 1823 300 -1.12 1824 292 -0.54 1825 283 0.15 1826 285 0 1827 283 0.11 1828 284 0.07 1829 293 -0.62 1830 287 -0.18 1831 287 -0.18 1832 292 -0.54 1833 286 -0.11 1834 271 0.98 1835 291 -0.43 1836 291 -0.47 1837 296 -0.83 1838 290 -0.4 1839 287 -0.18 1840 287 -0.14 1841 280 0.33 1842 278 0.47 1843 297 -0.87 1844 283 0.11 1845 293 -0.62 1846 275 0.73 1847 290 -0.4 1848 282 0.18 1849 287 -0.14 1850 293 -0.62 1851 294 -0.69 1852 287 -0.14 1853 294 -0.69 1854 286 -0.11 1855 290 -0.4 1856 290 -0.4 1857 283 0.11 1858 282 0.18 1859 280 0.36 1860 295 -0.76 1861 283 0.11 1862 275 0.69 1863 283 0.11 1864 283 0.11 1865 257 2 1866 285 -0.04 1867 285 -0.04 1868 257 2 1869 283 0.11 1870 274 0.76 1871 289 -0.33 1872 291 -0.47 1873 278 0.47 1874 289 -0.33 1875 274 0.76 1876 NA NA 1877 288 -0.25 1878 283 0.11 1879 NA NA 1880 NA NA 1881 NA NA 1882 NA NA 1883 NA NA 1884 NA NA 1885 278 0.47 1886 284 0.04 1887 283 0.11 1888 279 0.4 1889 280 0.33 1890 285 0 1891 285 -0.04 1892 279 0.4 1893 284 0.07 1894 288 -0.25 1895 281 0.29 1896 286 -0.11 1897 276 0.65 1898 287 -0.18 1899 287 -0.18 1900 281 0.26 1901 273 0.84 1902 289 -0.33 1903 282 0.18 1904 272 0.91 1905 278 0.47 1906 285 0 1907 284 0.07 1908 273 0.87 1909 280 0.33 1910 284 0.04 1911 272 0.94 1912 283 0.11 1913 283 0.11 1914 289 -0.33 1915 274 0.76 1916 292 -0.54 1917 269 1.13 1918 287 -0.18 1919 288 -0.25 1920 272 0.91 1921 272 0.91 1922 284 0.04 1923 294 -0.69 1924 284 0.04 1925 285 -0.04 1926 293 -0.62 1927 NA NA 1928 283 0.11 1929 282 0.18 1930 279 0.4 1931 285 -0.04 1932 290 -0.4 1933 289 -0.33 1934 262 1.63 1935 280 0.33 1936 287 -0.18 1937 270 1.05 1938 290 -0.4 1939 298 -0.94 1940 280 0.36 1941 292 -0.51 1942 279 0.4 1943 276 0.62 1944 289 -0.33 1945 262 1.63 1946 280 0.33 1947 269 1.13 1948 285 -0.04 1949 280 0.33 1950 273 0.87 1951 293 -0.58 1952 276 0.62 1953 280 0.33 1954 299 -1.01 1955 285 0 1956 295 -0.76 1957 288 -0.25 1958 281 0.26 1959 279 0.44 1960 283 0.11 1961 285 -0.04 1962 289 -0.33 1963 291 -0.43 1964 278 0.47 1965 296 -0.83 1966 283 0.15 1967 281 0.29 1968 286 -0.07 1969 286 -0.11 1970 288 -0.25 1971 286 -0.11 1972 289 -0.29 1973 283 0.11 1974 291 -0.47 1975 281 0.26 1976 269 1.13 1977 291 -0.47 1978 293 -0.62 1979 283 0.11 1980 300 -1.12 1981 274 0.76 1982 279 0.4 1983 273 0.84 1984 290 -0.4 1985 287 -0.18 1986 283 0.11 1987 294 -0.69 1988 279 0.4 1989 271 0.98 1990 279 0.4 1991 282 0.18 1992 275 0.73 1993 272 0.91 1994 270 1.05 1995 279 0.4 1996 278 0.47 1997 277 0.55 1998 272 0.91 1999 279 0.4 2000 268 1.2 2001 275 0.69 2002 276 0.62 2003 251 2.43 2004 279 0.4 2005 272 0.91 2006 263 1.56