# Swiss 517 Year Grain Harvest Date Spring/Summer Temperature Reconstruction #----------------------------------------------------------------------- # World Data Center for Paleoclimatology, Boulder # and # NOAA Paleoclimatology Program #----------------------------------------------------------------------- # NOTE: Please cite Publication, and Online_Resource and date accessed when using these data. # If there is no publication information, please cite Investigators, Title, and Online_Resource and date accessed. # # # Online_Resource: http://ncdc.noaa.gov/paleo/study/17615 # # Original_Source_URL: ftp://ftp.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/historical/europe/switzerland/swiss-summer-temp2011.txt # # Description/Documentation lines begin with # # Data lines have no # # # Archive: Climate Reconstruction #-------------------- # Contribution_Date # Date: 2014-12-10 #-------------------- # Title # Study_Name: Swiss 517 Year Grain Harvest Date Spring/Summer Temperature Reconstruction #-------------------- # Investigators # Investigators: Wetter, O.; Pfister, C. #-------------------- # Description_and_Notes # Description: 517-yr long reconstruction of spring-summer (MAMJJ) temperatures from documentary-based winter rye (secale cereale) # harvest starting dates covering the period from 1454 to 1970. #-------------------- # Publication # Authors: O. Wetter and C. Pfister # Published_Date_or_Year: 2011-11-29 # Published_Title: Spring-summer temperatures reconstructed for northern Switzerland and southwestern Germany from winter rye harvest dates, 1454-1970 # Journal_Name: Climate of the Past # Volume: 7 # Edition: # Issue: 4 # Pages: 1307-1326 # DOI: 10.5194/cp-7-1307-2011 # Online_Resource: http://www.clim-past.net/7/1307/2011/cp-7-1307-2011.html # Full_Citation: # Abstract: This paper presents a unique 517-yr long documentary data-based reconstruction of spring-summer (MAMJJ) temperatures for northern Switzerland and south-western Germany from 1454 to 1970. It is composed of 25 partial series of winter grain (secale cereale) harvest starting dates (WGHD) that are partly based on harvest related bookkeeping of institutions (hospitals, municipalities), partly on (early) phenological observations. The resulting main Basel WGHD series was homogenised with regard to dating style, data type and altitude. The calibration and verification approach was applied using the homogenous HISTALP temperature series from 1774-1824 for calibration (r = 0.78) and from 1920-1970 for verification (r = 0.75). The latter result even suffers from the weak data base available for 1870-1950. Temperature reconstructions based on WGHD are more influenced by spring temperatures than those based on grape harvest dates (GHD), because rye in contrast to vines already begins to grow as soon as sunlight brings the plant to above freezing. The earliest and latest harvest dates were checked for consistency with narrative documentary weather reports. Comparisons with other European documentary-based GHD and WGHD temperature reconstructions generally reveal significant correlations decreasing with the distance from Switzerland. The new Basel WGHD series shows better skills in representing highly climate change sensitive variations of Swiss Alpine glaciers than available GHD series. #------------------ # Funding_Agency # Funding_Agency_Name: Swiss National Science Foundation # Grant: 100011-120157 #------------------ # Funding_Agency # Funding_Agency_Name: Oeschger Centre for Climatic Change Research (OCCR) # Grant: #------------------ # Funding_Agency # Funding_Agency_Name: University of Bern # Grant: H.A. Vogelin-Bienz-Stiftung, Institute of History #------------------ # Site_Information # Site_Name: Northern Switzerland/Southwest Germany # Location: Europe>Western Europe # Country: # Northernmost_Latitude: 48.5 # Southernmost_Latitude: 47.0 # Easternmost_Longitude: 10.0 # Westernmost_Longitude: 7.0 # Elevation: m #------------------ # Data_Collection # Collection_Name: Swiss2011temp # Earliest_Year: 1454 # Most_Recent_Year: 1970 # Time_Unit: AD # Core_Length: m # Notes: #------------------ # Chronology: # # # #---------------- # Variables # # Data variables follow that are preceded by "##" in columns one and two. # Data line variables format: Variables list, one per line, shortname-tab-longname-tab-longname components (9 components: what, material, error, units, seasonality, archive, detail, method, C or N for Character or Numeric data) # ##age_AD age, , , AD, , , , ,N ##WGHD Winter Grain Harvest Date, , , Day of Year, , Historical, Gregorian Calendar, ,N ##tempanom-MAMJJ surface temperature anomaly, , , Deg C, March-July, Reconstruction, , ,N # #---------------- # Data: # Data lines follow (have no #) # Data line format - tab-delimited text, variable short name as header # Missing Values: # age_AD WGHD tempanom-MAMJJ 1454 209 -0.65 1455 1456 214 -1.19 1457 1458 201 0.23 1459 1460 1461 196 0.77 1462 209 -0.65 1463 1464 199 0.44 1465 213 -1.08 1466 206 -0.32 1467 210 -0.76 1468 1469 204 -0.10 1470 207 -0.43 1471 195 0.88 1472 1473 184 2.08 1474 1475 1476 200 0.33 1477 206 -0.32 1478 206 -0.32 1479 199 0.44 1480 210 -0.76 1481 209 -0.65 1482 199 0.44 1483 188 1.64 1484 198 0.55 1485 213 -1.08 1486 205 -0.21 1487 1488 210 -0.76 1489 1490 202 0.12 1491 1492 205 -0.21 1493 206 -0.32 1494 199 0.44 1495 197 0.66 1496 209 -0.65 1497 204 -0.10 1498 206 -0.32 1499 205 -0.21 1500 198 0.55 1501 198 0.55 1502 199 0.44 1503 195 0.88 1504 197 0.66 1505 205 -0.21 1506 200 0.33 1507 196 0.77 1508 200 0.33 1509 200 0.33 1510 206 -0.32 1511 214 -1.19 1512 200 0.33 1513 1514 205 -0.21 1515 201 0.23 1516 190 1.43 1517 194 0.99 1518 196 0.77 1519 199 0.44 1520 204 -0.10 1521 200 0.33 1522 215 -1.30 1523 197 0.66 1524 203 0.01 1525 1526 209 -0.65 1527 208 -0.54 1528 201 0.23 1529 207 -0.43 1530 200 0.33 1531 209 -0.65 1532 194 0.99 1533 199 0.44 1534 193 1.10 1535 194 0.99 1536 198 0.55 1537 190 1.43 1538 1539 191 1.32 1540 186 1.86 1541 1542 219 -1.74 1543 208 -0.54 1544 211 -0.86 1545 205 -0.21 1546 199 0.44 1547 196 0.77 1548 1549 202 0.12 1550 205 -0.21 1551 197 0.66 1552 191 1.32 1553 1554 1555 1556 198 0.55 1557 204 -0.10 1558 204 -0.10 1559 199 0.44 1560 207 -0.43 1561 197 0.66 1562 200 0.33 1563 202 0.12 1564 209 -0.65 1565 206 -0.32 1566 214 -1.19 1567 199 0.44 1568 208 -0.54 1569 210 -0.76 1570 214 -1.19 1571 205 -0.21 1572 198 0.55 1573 212 -0.97 1574 211 -0.86 1575 212 -0.97 1576 208 -0.54 1577 208 -0.54 1578 207 -0.43 1579 203 0.01 1580 204 -0.10 1581 206 -0.32 1582 205 -0.21 1583 198 0.55 1584 193 1.10 1585 200 0.33 1586 205 -0.21 1587 211 -0.86 1588 198 0.55 1589 209 -0.65 1590 202 0.12 1591 205 -0.21 1592 213 -1.08 1593 204 -0.10 1594 209 -0.65 1595 209 -0.65 1596 208 -0.54 1597 213 -1.08 1598 216 -1.41 1599 194 0.99 1600 212 -0.97 1601 1602 1603 190 1.43 1604 194 0.99 1605 197 0.66 1606 199 0.44 1607 209 -0.65 1608 214 -1.19 1609 197 0.66 1610 199 0.44 1611 189 1.53 1612 198 0.55 1613 200 0.33 1614 218 -1.63 1615 204 -0.10 1616 185 1.97 1617 202 0.12 1618 207 -0.43 1619 199 0.44 1620 208 -0.54 1621 216 -1.41 1622 210 -0.76 1623 204 -0.10 1624 199 0.44 1625 199 0.44 1626 196 0.77 1627 212 -0.97 1628 213 -1.08 1629 202 0.12 1630 203 0.01 1631 191 1.32 1632 210 -0.76 1633 206 -0.32 1634 202 0.12 1635 202 0.12 1636 190 1.43 1637 195 0.88 1638 190 1.43 1639 200 0.33 1640 196 0.77 1641 208 -0.54 1642 200 0.33 1643 205 -0.21 1644 203 0.01 1645 189 1.53 1646 203 0.01 1647 199 0.44 1648 201 0.23 1649 211 -0.86 1650 199 0.44 1651 202 0.12 1652 200 0.33 1653 190 1.43 1654 202 0.12 1655 200 0.33 1656 202 0.12 1657 199 0.44 1658 205 -0.21 1659 196 0.77 1660 200 0.33 1661 193 1.10 1662 196 0.77 1663 203 0.01 1664 197 0.66 1665 199 0.44 1666 198 0.55 1667 203 0.01 1668 200 0.33 1669 195 0.88 1670 198 0.55 1671 196 0.77 1672 203 0.01 1673 209 -0.65 1674 199 0.44 1675 211 -0.86 1676 194 0.99 1677 196 0.77 1678 202 0.12 1679 197 0.66 1680 200 0.33 1681 200 0.33 1682 199 0.44 1683 193 1.10 1684 194 0.99 1685 198 0.55 1686 188 1.64 1687 199 0.44 1688 205 -0.21 1689 205 -0.21 1690 204 -0.10 1691 205 -0.21 1692 215 -1.30 1693 208 -0.54 1694 198 0.55 1695 207 -0.43 1696 208 -0.54 1697 202 0.12 1698 213 -1.08 1699 204 -0.10 1700 205 -0.21 1701 207 -0.43 1702 206 -0.32 1703 201 0.23 1704 201 0.23 1705 206 -0.32 1706 196 0.77 1707 203 0.01 1708 201 0.23 1709 205 -0.21 1710 198 0.55 1711 198 0.55 1712 200 0.33 1713 203 0.01 1714 205 -0.21 1715 196 0.77 1716 215 -1.30 1717 207 -0.43 1718 189 1.53 1719 191 1.32 1720 203 0.01 1721 205 -0.21 1722 200 0.33 1723 195 0.88 1724 192 1.21 1725 203 0.01 1726 195 0.88 1727 195 0.88 1728 192 1.21 1729 201 0.23 1730 201 0.23 1731 204 -0.10 1732 200 0.33 1733 202 0.12 1734 199 0.44 1735 208 -0.54 1736 199 0.44 1737 199 0.44 1738 204 -0.10 1739 197 0.66 1740 215 -1.30 1741 208 -0.54 1742 206 -0.32 1743 207 -0.43 1744 205 -0.21 1745 203 0.01 1746 203 0.01 1747 206 -0.32 1748 205 -0.21 1749 206 -0.32 1750 204 -0.10 1751 212 -0.97 1752 205 -0.21 1753 197 0.66 1754 201 0.23 1755 199 0.44 1756 204 -0.10 1757 202 0.12 1758 204 -0.10 1759 197 0.66 1760 194 0.99 1761 197 0.66 1762 197 0.66 1763 207 -0.43 1764 199 0.44 1765 200 0.33 1766 205 -0.21 1767 207 -0.43 1768 203 0.01 1769 204 -0.10 1770 212 -0.97 1771 203 0.01 1772 202 0.12 1773 206 -0.32 1774 198 0.55 1775 206 -0.32 1776 206 -0.32 1777 207 -0.43 1778 203 0.01 1779 200 0.33 1780 201 0.23 1781 197 0.66 1782 207 -0.43 1783 203 0.01 1784 203 0.01 1785 211 -0.86 1786 204 -0.10 1787 211 -0.86 1788 198 0.55 1789 206 -0.32 1790 199 0.44 1791 199 0.44 1792 206 -0.32 1793 206 -0.32 1794 198 0.55 1795 202 0.12 1796 207 -0.43 1797 206 -0.32 1798 195 0.88 1799 218 -1.63 1800 207 -0.43 1801 206 -0.32 1802 194 0.99 1803 207 -0.43 1804 198 0.55 1805 209 -0.65 1806 200 0.33 1807 201 0.23 1808 206 -0.32 1809 205 -0.21 1810 207 -0.43 1811 191 1.32 1812 207 -0.43 1813 207 -0.43 1814 208 -0.54 1815 200 0.33 1816 222 -2.06 1817 210 -0.76 1818 203 0.01 1819 200 0.33 1820 204 -0.10 1821 210 -0.76 1822 186 1.86 1823 208 -0.54 1824 215 -1.30 1825 203 0.01 1826 202 0.12 1827 197 0.66 1828 203 0.01 1829 210 -0.76 1830 193 1.10 1831 205 -0.21 1832 209 -0.65 1833 204 -0.10 1834 194 0.99 1835 191 1.32 1836 210 -0.76 1837 205 -0.21 1838 205 -0.21 1839 199 0.44 1840 204 -0.10 1841 202 0.12 1842 189 1.53 1843 215 -1.30 1844 207 -0.43 1845 207 -0.43 1846 188 1.64 1847 206 -0.32 1848 200 0.33 1849 204 -0.10 1850 215 -1.30 1851 217 -1.52 1852 205 -0.21 1853 204 -0.10 1854 205 -0.21 1855 214 -1.19 1856 199 0.44 1857 196 0.77 1858 205 -0.21 1859 195 0.88 1860 214 -1.19 1861 203 0.01 1862 190 1.43 1863 196 0.77 1864 203 0.01 1865 197 0.66 1866 196 0.77 1867 194 0.99 1868 187 1.75 1869 200 0.33 1870 197 0.66 1871 210 -0.76 1872 206 -0.32 1873 201 0.23 1874 1875 1876 208 -0.54 1877 197 0.66 1878 202 0.12 1879 214 -1.19 1880 207 -0.43 1881 195 0.88 1882 203 0.01 1883 200 0.33 1884 198 0.55 1885 197 0.66 1886 198 0.55 1887 201 0.23 1888 209 -0.65 1889 200 0.33 1890 205 -0.21 1891 211 -0.86 1892 201 0.23 1893 191 1.32 1894 196 0.77 1895 200 0.33 1896 206 -0.32 1897 196 0.77 1898 204 -0.10 1899 201 0.23 1900 201 0.23 1901 193 1.10 1902 203 0.01 1903 209 -0.65 1904 193 1.10 1905 195 0.88 1906 204 -0.10 1907 206 -0.32 1908 198 0.55 1909 212 -0.97 1910 205 -0.21 1911 197 0.66 1912 197 0.66 1913 209 -0.65 1914 204 -0.10 1915 192 1.21 1916 203 0.01 1917 198 0.55 1918 200 0.33 1919 209 -0.65 1920 197 0.66 1921 193 1.10 1922 196 0.77 1923 207 -0.43 1924 206 -0.32 1925 204 -0.10 1926 210 -0.76 1927 205 -0.21 1928 202 0.12 1929 205 -0.21 1930 1931 200 0.33 1932 210 -0.76 1933 210 -0.76 1934 191 1.32 1935 200 0.33 1936 206 -0.32 1937 196 0.77 1938 205 -0.21 1939 216 -1.41 1940 204 -0.10 1941 206 -0.32 1942 210 -0.76 1943 202 0.12 1944 206 -0.32 1945 195 0.88 1946 199 0.44 1947 1948 210 -0.76 1949 205 -0.21 1950 191 1.32 1951 207 -0.43 1952 195 0.88 1953 197 0.66 1954 204 -0.10 1955 203 0.01 1956 213 -1.08 1957 205 -0.21 1958 203 0.01 1959 195 0.88 1960 198 0.55 1961 202 0.12 1962 213 -1.08 1963 207 -0.43 1964 196 0.77 1965 211 -0.86 1966 196 0.77 1967 201 0.23 1968 205 -0.21 1969 207 -0.43 1970 210 -0.76