# Antarctic Ice Cores Revised 800KYr CO2 Data #---------------------------------------------------- # World Data Service for Paleoclimatology, Boulder # and # NOAA Paleoclimatology Program # National Centers for Environmental Information (NCEI) #---------------------------------------------------- # Template Version 4.0 # Encoding: UTF-8 # NOTE: Please cite original publication, NOAA Landing Page URL, dataset and publication DOIs (where available), and date accessed when using downloaded data. If there is no publication information, please cite investigator, study title, NOAA Landing Page URL, and date accessed. # # Description/Documentation lines begin with # # Data lines have no # # # NOAA_Landing_Page: https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/access/paleo-search/study/17975 # Landing_Page_Description: NOAA Landing Page of this file's parent study, which includes all study metadata. # # Study_Level_JSON_Metadata: https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/pub/data/metadata/published/paleo/json/noaa-icecore-17975.json # Study_Level_JSON_Description: JSON metadata of this data file's parent study, which includes all study metadata. # # Data_Type: Ice Cores # # Dataset_DOI: 10.25921/n8y4-bp27 # # Science_Keywords: #-------------------- # Resource_Links # # Data_Download_Resource: https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/icecore/antarctica/antarctica2015co2edml-noaa.txt # Data_Download_Description: NOAA Template File; Antarctic Ice Core Revised Composite CO2 Data - EPICA Dronning Maud Land # #-------------------- # Contribution_Date # Date: 2015-02-04 #-------------------- # File_Last_Modified_Date # Date: 2024-08-16 #-------------------- # Title # Study_Name: Antarctic Ice Cores Revised 800KYr CO2 Data #-------------------- # Investigators # Investigators: Bereiter, B.(https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1500-8617); Eggleston, S.(https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2775-8826); Schmitt, J.(https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4695-3029); Nehrbass-Ahles, C.(https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4009-4633); Stocker, T.F.(https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1245-2728); Fischer, H.(https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2787-4221); Kipfstuhl, S.(https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1495-5273); Chappellaz, J.A.(https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9117-2961) #-------------------- # Description_Notes_and_Keywords # Description: Revised EPICA Dome C and Antarctic composite ice core atmospheric CO2 data. This new version of CO2 composite replaces the old version of Luthi et al. (2008), which contains the analytical bias described in Bereiter et al. 2015 and lower quality data in other sections. For details about the improvements relative to the previous version see supplementary information of Bereiter et al. 2015. For detailed references of all records refer to the supplemetary information of Bereiter et al. 2015. For latest anthropogenic data refer to NOAA/Mauna Loa record. Age unit is in years before present (yr BP) where present refers to 1950 AD. Note, not all individual records provided are part of the composite. If millennial scale or smaller details of the composite are studied, we recommend to look into all records available for that period and not only in the composite. # # Composite built from the following: # -51-1800 yr BP: Law Dome (Rubino et al. 2013) # 1.8-2 kyr BP: Law Dome (MacFarling Meure et al. 2006; https://doi.org/10.25921/g6kd-k189) # 2-11 kyr BP: Dome C (Monnin et al. 2001 + 2004; https://doi.org/10.25921/ggj5-vt17, https://doi.org/10.25921/aktb-0t39) # 11-22 kyr BP: WAIS (Marcott et al. 2014) minus 4 ppmv (see text) # 22-40 kyr BP: Siple Dome (Ahn et al. 2014) # 40-60 kyr BP: TALDICE (Bereiter et al. 2012; https://doi.org/10.25921/4vks-ex31) # 60-115 kyr BP: EDML (Bereiter et al. 2012; https://doi.org/10.25921/4vks-ex31) # 105-155 kyr BP: Dome C Sublimation (Schneider et al. 2013) # 155-393 kyr BP: Vostok (Petit et al. 1999; https://doi.org/10.25921/kcry-ae86) # 393-611 kyr BP: Dome C (Siegenthaler et al. 2005) # 612-800 kyr BP: Dome C (Bereiter et al. 2014) #-------------------- # Publication # Authors: Bereiter, B., S. Eggleston, J. Schmitt, C. Nehrbass-Ahles, T. F. Stocker, H. Fischer, S. Kipfstuhl, J. Chappellaz # Journal_Name: Geophysical Research Letters # Published_Title: Revision of the EPICA Dome C CO2 record from 800 to 600 kyr before present # Published_Date_or_Year: 2015 # Volume: 42 # Pages: 542-549 # Issue: 2 # Report_Number: # DOI: 10.1002/2014GL061957 # Full_Citation: # Abstract: The European Project for Ice Coring in Antarctica Dome ice core from Dome C (EDC) has allowed for the reconstruction of atmospheric CO2 concentrations for the last 800,000 years. Here we revisit the oldest part of the EDC CO2 record using different air extraction methods and sections of the core. For our established cracker system, we found an analytical artifact, which increases over the deepest 200 m and reaches 10.1 +/- 2.4 ppm in the oldest/deepest part. The governing mechanism is not yet fully understood, but it is related to insufficient gas extraction in combination with ice relaxation during storage and ice structure. The corrected record presented here resolves partly - but not completely - the issue with a different correlation between CO2 and Antarctic temperatures found in this oldest part of the records. In addition, we provide here an update of 800,000 years atmospheric CO2 history including recent studies covering the last glacial cycle. #-------------------- # Authors: Lüthi, D., M. Le Floch, B. Bereiter, T. Blunier, J.-M. Barnola, U. Siegenthaler, D. Raynaud, J. Jouzel, H. Fischer, K. Kawamura, and T.F. Stocker # Journal_Name: Nature # Published_Title: High-resolution carbon dioxide concentration record 650,000-800,000 years before present # Published_Date_or_Year: 2008 # Volume: 453 # Pages: 379-382 # Issue: # Report_Number: # DOI: 10.1038/nature06949 # Full_Citation: # Abstract: Changes in past atmospheric carbon dioxide concentrations can be determined by measuring the composition of air trapped in ice cores from Antarctica. So far, the Antarctic Vostok and EPICA Dome C ice cores have provided a composite record of atmospheric carbon dioxide levels over the past 650,000 years. Here we present results of the lowest 200 m of the Dome C ice core, extending the record of atmospheric carbon dioxide concentration by two complete glacial cycles to 800,000 yr before present. From previously published data and the present work, we find that atmospheric carbon dioxide is strongly correlated with Antarctic temperature throughout eight glacial cycles but with significantly lower concentrations between 650,000 and 750,000 yr before present. Carbon dioxide levels are below 180 parts per million by volume (p.p.m.v.) for a period of 3,000 yr during Marine Isotope Stage 16, possibly reflecting more pronounced oceanic carbon storage. We report the lowest carbon dioxide concentration measured in an ice core, which extends the pre-industrial range of carbon dioxide concentrations during the late Quaternary by about 10 p.p.m.v. to 172–300 p.p.m.v. #-------------------- # Funding_Agency # Funding_Agency_Name: European Union # Grant: #-------------------- # Funding_Agency # Funding_Agency_Name: Swiss National Science Foundation # Grant: P2BEP2_152071 #-------------------- # Funding_Agency # Funding_Agency_Name: University of Bern # Grant: #-------------------- # Funding_Agency # Funding_Agency_Name: French Polar Institute (IPEV) # Grant: 902 #-------------------- # Site_Information # Site_Name: EPICA Dronning Maud Land # Location: Antarctica # Northernmost_Latitude: -75.0 # Southernmost_Latitude: -75.0 # Easternmost_Longitude: 0.07 # Westernmost_Longitude: 0.07 # Elevation_m: 2892 #-------------------- # Data_Collection # Collection_Name: Antarctica2015CO2EDML # First_Year: 114193 # Last_Year: 122 # Time_Unit: cal yr BP # Core_Length_m: # Parameter_Keywords: carbon dioxide concentration (parts per million by volume) # Notes: CO2 data originally published by Siegenthaler et al. 2005 (NOAA/WDS-Paleo study 2488; https://doi.org/10.25921/e57w-m804), Monnin et al. 2004 (https://doi.org/10.1016/j.epsl.2004.05.007), and Luthi et al. 2010 (NOAA/WDS-Paleo study 9898; https://doi.org/10.25921/af0z-7g63). #-------------------- # Chronology_Information # Chronology: # # Antarctic ice core chronology 2012 (AICC2012, Bazin et al., 2013) and EDML1 Sz4 # AICC2012: http://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/paleo/study/15076 # #-------------------- # Variables # PaST_Thesaurus_Download_Resource: https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/access/paleo-search/skos/past-thesaurus.rdf # PaST_Thesaurus_Download_Description: Paleoenvironmental Standard Terms (PaST) Thesaurus terms, definitions, and relationships in SKOS format. # # Data variables follow that are preceded by '##' in columns one and two. # Variables list, one per line, shortname-tab-var components: what, material, error, units, seasonality, data type, detail, method, C or N for Character or Numeric data) # ## depth_m depth,,,meter,,climate forcing;ice cores,,,N, ## age_gas_calBP_EDML gas age,,,calendar year before present,,climate forcing;ice cores,,,N,EDML1 Sz4 ## age_gas_calBP_AICC gas age,,,calendar year before present,,climate forcing;ice cores,,,N,Antarctic ice core chronology 2012 (AICC2012; Bazin et al. 2013; https://doi.org/10.25921/msps-9989) ## co2_ppm carbon dioxide,bulk atmosphere,,parts per million,,climate forcing;ice cores,corrected,,N, ## co2_1s_ppm carbon dioxide,bulk atmosphere,one standard deviation,parts per million,,climate forcing;ice cores,corrected,,N, ## notes notes,,,,,climate forcing;ice cores,,,C,publication and laboratory #-------------------- # Data: # Data lines follow (have no #) # Data line format - tab-delimited text, variable short name as header # Missing_Values: depth_m age_gas_calBP_EDML age_gas_calBP_AICC co2_ppm co2_1s_ppm notes 93.96 200.86 122.68 290.63 1.42 EDML (0-6 kyr BP) Siegenthaler et al. (2005) University of Bern 94.96 210.88 134.11 290.39 1.04 EDML (0-6 kyr BP) Siegenthaler et al. (2005) University of Bern 95.96 230.28 145.61 288.40 1.88 EDML (0-6 kyr BP) Siegenthaler et al. (2005) University of Bern 96.96 244.69 159.94 287.80 1.94 EDML (0-6 kyr BP) Siegenthaler et al. (2005) University of Bern 97.96 255.45 174.47 283.13 0.46 EDML (0-6 kyr BP) Siegenthaler et al. (2005) University of Bern 98.96 272.30 189.03 283.30 1.33 EDML (0-6 kyr BP) Siegenthaler et al. (2005) University of Bern 99.96 288.22 202.42 281.62 1.04 EDML (0-6 kyr BP) Siegenthaler et al. (2005) University of Bern 100.96 307.00 215.78 280.28 0.91 EDML (0-6 kyr BP) Siegenthaler et al. (2005) University of Bern 102.06 323.34 230.62 284.56 2.62 EDML (0-6 kyr BP) Siegenthaler et al. (2005) University of Bern 102.94 344.96 243.40 279.60 1.44 EDML (0-6 kyr BP) Siegenthaler et al. (2005) University of Bern 103.96 346.40 258.40 276.88 1.06 EDML (0-6 kyr BP) Siegenthaler et al. (2005) University of Bern 104.96 360.95 272.91 280.53 1.08 EDML (0-6 kyr BP) Siegenthaler et al. (2005) University of Bern 105.96 384.77 286.76 281.08 1.65 EDML (0-6 kyr BP) Siegenthaler et al. (2005) University of Bern 106.96 394.61 300.58 280.49 2.45 EDML (0-6 kyr BP) Siegenthaler et al. (2005) University of Bern 107.96 419.61 314.40 278.18 1.33 EDML (0-6 kyr BP) Siegenthaler et al. (2005) University of Bern 108.96 446.65 329.58 280.47 1.68 EDML (0-6 kyr BP) Siegenthaler et al. (2005) University of Bern 109.96 455.17 344.81 278.23 0.52 EDML (0-6 kyr BP) Siegenthaler et al. (2005) University of Bern 110.96 473.79 360.05 279.57 1.08 EDML (0-6 kyr BP) Siegenthaler et al. (2005) University of Bern 111.96 480.63 374.11 280.59 1.22 EDML (0-6 kyr BP) Siegenthaler et al. (2005) University of Bern 112.95 500.99 387.97 281.95 0.90 EDML (0-6 kyr BP) Siegenthaler et al. (2005) University of Bern 114.15 517.02 405.02 279.61 0.70 EDML (0-6 kyr BP) Siegenthaler et al. (2005) University of Bern 114.95 529.18 417.10 280.22 1.07 EDML (0-6 kyr BP) Siegenthaler et al. (2005) University of Bern 116.06 542.08 433.87 280.84 0.41 EDML (0-6 kyr BP) Siegenthaler et al. (2005) University of Bern 116.66 552.31 442.86 280.52 0.44 EDML (0-6 kyr BP) Siegenthaler et al. (2005) University of Bern 116.95 557.38 447.32 283.18 1.05 EDML (0-6 kyr BP) Siegenthaler et al. (2005) University of Bern 119.05 587.20 479.80 281.11 0.63 EDML (0-6 kyr BP) Siegenthaler et al. (2005) University of Bern 119.96 604.78 493.83 283.40 0.95 EDML (0-6 kyr BP) Siegenthaler et al. (2005) University of Bern 120.06 606.12 495.39 283.56 1.02 EDML (0-6 kyr BP) Siegenthaler et al. (2005) University of Bern 120.95 613.51 508.32 280.54 1.15 EDML (0-6 kyr BP) Siegenthaler et al. (2005) University of Bern 122.06 618.58 524.45 282.76 1.47 EDML (0-6 kyr BP) Siegenthaler et al. (2005) University of Bern 122.93 633.53 537.01 283.06 1.86 EDML (0-6 kyr BP) Siegenthaler et al. (2005) University of Bern 124.07 650.16 551.98 280.21 0.80 EDML (0-6 kyr BP) Siegenthaler et al. (2005) University of Bern 124.95 665.09 563.35 280.94 0.49 EDML (0-6 kyr BP) Siegenthaler et al. (2005) University of Bern 126.06 680.39 579.70 281.99 0.63 EDML (0-6 kyr BP) Siegenthaler et al. (2005) University of Bern 126.95 690.18 594.35 282.53 0.77 EDML (0-6 kyr BP) Siegenthaler et al. (2005) University of Bern 127.04 691.41 595.80 285.82 0.82 EDML (0-6 kyr BP) Siegenthaler et al. (2005) University of Bern 127.26 695.11 599.25 280.83 0.40 EDML (0-6 kyr BP) Siegenthaler et al. (2005) University of Bern 127.95 706.70 610.10 281.52 0.41 EDML (0-6 kyr BP) Siegenthaler et al. (2005) University of Bern 130.06 734.89 639.49 282.75 0.39 EDML (0-6 kyr BP) Siegenthaler et al. (2005) University of Bern 130.95 753.32 651.40 282.16 0.78 EDML (0-6 kyr BP) Siegenthaler et al. (2005) University of Bern 133.05 786.28 671.82 283.60 1.00 EDML (0-6 kyr BP) Siegenthaler et al. (2005) University of Bern 133.95 795.80 686.84 282.19 1.13 EDML (0-6 kyr BP) Siegenthaler et al. (2005) University of Bern 134.06 796.81 688.66 284.98 0.87 EDML (0-6 kyr BP) Siegenthaler et al. (2005) University of Bern 134.95 804.02 703.12 282.94 0.81 EDML (0-6 kyr BP) Siegenthaler et al. (2005) University of Bern 136.06 819.35 720.88 281.63 1.02 EDML (0-6 kyr BP) Siegenthaler et al. (2005) University of Bern 136.95 831.45 736.12 284.42 1.67 EDML (0-6 kyr BP) Siegenthaler et al. (2005) University of Bern 137.06 833.01 738.01 282.51 0.68 EDML (0-6 kyr BP) Siegenthaler et al. (2005) University of Bern 137.95 845.91 753.65 282.15 1.00 EDML (0-6 kyr BP) Siegenthaler et al. (2005) University of Bern 140.06 869.30 780.41 283.75 1.40 EDML (0-6 kyr BP) Siegenthaler et al. (2005) University of Bern 140.95 886.39 791.24 284.63 0.62 EDML (0-6 kyr BP) Siegenthaler et al. (2005) University of Bern 141.04 887.89 792.75 283.40 0.92 EDML (0-6 kyr BP) Siegenthaler et al. (2005) University of Bern 141.95 900.54 808.01 284.71 0.66 EDML (0-6 kyr BP) Siegenthaler et al. (2005) University of Bern 144.06 931.54 834.26 283.49 0.99 EDML (0-6 kyr BP) Siegenthaler et al. (2005) University of Bern 144.96 943.63 847.56 285.83 1.19 EDML (0-6 kyr BP) Siegenthaler et al. (2005) University of Bern 145.06 945.21 849.19 283.83 0.80 EDML (0-6 kyr BP) Siegenthaler et al. (2005) University of Bern 145.65 954.61 858.53 282.08 1.51 EDML (0-6 kyr BP) Siegenthaler et al. (2005) University of Bern 145.95 959.54 863.43 282.62 0.36 EDML (0-6 kyr BP) Siegenthaler et al. (2005) University of Bern 148.06 990.84 896.03 284.11 0.42 EDML (0-6 kyr BP) Siegenthaler et al. (2005) University of Bern 148.95 1002.76 908.31 283.55 1.22 EDML (0-6 kyr BP) Siegenthaler et al. (2005) University of Bern 150.06 1010.53 924.89 284.50 0.49 EDML (0-6 kyr BP) Siegenthaler et al. (2005) University of Bern 150.86 1021.09 937.73 283.01 1.47 EDML (0-6 kyr BP) Siegenthaler et al. (2005) University of Bern 151.16 1026.49 942.83 282.82 0.84 EDML (0-6 kyr BP) Siegenthaler et al. (2005) University of Bern 151.95 1044.62 957.40 281.91 0.63 EDML (0-6 kyr BP) Siegenthaler et al. (2005) University of Bern 154.06 1074.78 994.29 282.02 1.11 EDML (0-6 kyr BP) Siegenthaler et al. (2005) University of Bern 154.96 1083.14 1004.79 282.60 1.05 EDML (0-6 kyr BP) Siegenthaler et al. (2005) University of Bern 155.14 1085.68 1006.91 279.08 0.71 EDML (0-6 kyr BP) Siegenthaler et al. (2005) University of Bern 155.95 1098.07 1019.60 278.11 0.81 EDML (0-6 kyr BP) Siegenthaler et al. (2005) University of Bern 157.06 1111.39 1040.26 280.26 1.00 EDML (0-6 kyr BP) Siegenthaler et al. (2005) University of Bern 157.66 1122.69 1049.35 279.57 1.25 EDML (0-6 kyr BP) Siegenthaler et al. (2005) University of Bern 157.95 1128.30 1053.86 281.05 1.12 EDML (0-6 kyr BP) Siegenthaler et al. (2005) University of Bern 160.66 1170.47 1099.57 279.19 0.76 EDML (0-6 kyr BP) Siegenthaler et al. (2005) University of Bern 171.66 1342.09 1248.16 279.23 1.29 EDML (0-6 kyr BP) Monnin et al. (2004) University of Bern 182.66 1506.98 1418.24 278.49 0.69 EDML (0-6 kyr BP) Monnin et al. (2004) University of Bern 195.66 1715.81 1606.93 280.00 0.82 EDML (0-6 kyr BP) Monnin et al. (2004) University of Bern 208.66 1915.52 1803.29 279.07 1.09 EDML (0-6 kyr BP) Monnin et al. (2004) University of Bern 219.66 2081.29 1978.01 276.22 0.63 EDML (0-6 kyr BP) Monnin et al. (2004) University of Bern 230.66 2249.54 2062.95 275.98 0.83 EDML (0-6 kyr BP) Monnin et al. (2004) University of Bern 243.66 2461.51 2280.25 275.25 1.35 EDML (0-6 kyr BP) Monnin et al. (2004) University of Bern 255.66 2652.59 2451.86 274.27 1.14 EDML (0-6 kyr BP) Monnin et al. (2004) University of Bern 268.66 2866.99 2656.22 274.26 0.21 EDML (0-6 kyr BP) Monnin et al. (2004) University of Bern 279.66 3039.41 2833.83 276.18 0.60 EDML (0-6 kyr BP) Monnin et al. (2004) University of Bern 291.66 3235.09 3015.20 274.21 0.51 EDML (0-6 kyr BP) Monnin et al. (2004) University of Bern 303.66 3439.27 3197.49 273.70 0.98 EDML (0-6 kyr BP) Monnin et al. (2004) University of Bern 315.66 3633.20 3407.49 273.89 0.85 EDML (0-6 kyr BP) Monnin et al. (2004) University of Bern 326.66 3805.31 3582.98 272.38 0.78 EDML (0-6 kyr BP) Monnin et al. (2004) University of Bern 339.66 4022.67 3816.96 271.57 0.56 EDML (0-6 kyr BP) Monnin et al. (2004) University of Bern 352.66 4236.44 4017.17 271.40 0.35 EDML (0-6 kyr BP) Monnin et al. (2004) University of Bern 363.66 4428.90 4219.47 271.42 0.56 EDML (0-6 kyr BP) Monnin et al. (2004) University of Bern 375.66 4638.88 4420.93 272.57 0.39 EDML (0-6 kyr BP) Monnin et al. (2004) University of Bern 388.66 4869.60 4635.50 271.41 0.48 EDML (0-6 kyr BP) Monnin et al. (2004) University of Bern 399.66 5060.01 4831.54 270.73 0.46 EDML (0-6 kyr BP) Monnin et al. (2004) University of Bern 412.66 5287.52 5047.80 269.08 0.43 EDML (0-6 kyr BP) Monnin et al. (2004) University of Bern 424.66 5513.80 5278.02 268.20 0.52 EDML (0-6 kyr BP) Monnin et al. (2004) University of Bern 434.66 5697.87 5478.16 267.20 0.61 EDML (0-6 kyr BP) Monnin et al. (2004) University of Bern 448.66 5979.16 5724.55 267.54 0.82 EDML (0-6 kyr BP) Monnin et al. (2004) University of Bern 1435.62 43602.43 43205.41 193.78 1.52 EDML (49-115 kyr BP) Luthi et al. (2010) University of Bern 1444.57 44172.99 43761.69 199.26 1.56 EDML (49-115 kyr BP) Luthi et al. (2010) University of Bern 1447.64 44363.20 44024.70 188.62 3.15 EDML (49-115 kyr BP) Luthi et al. (2010) University of Bern 1455.61 44878.09 44580.91 199.98 1.68 EDML (49-115 kyr BP) Luthi et al. (2010) University of Bern 1459.65 45158.15 44853.29 212.41 0.69 EDML (49-115 kyr BP) Luthi et al. (2010) University of Bern 1466.58 45605.57 45319.79 209.10 2.59 EDML (49-115 kyr BP) Luthi et al. (2010) University of Bern 1471.64 45902.52 45621.38 211.96 1.13 EDML (49-115 kyr BP) Luthi et al. (2010) University of Bern 1480.59 46419.24 46165.16 217.57 2.22 EDML (49-115 kyr BP) Luthi et al. (2010) University of Bern 1483.64 46600.14 46362.84 207.43 0.60 EDML (49-115 kyr BP) Luthi et al. (2010) University of Bern 1491.41 46984.13 46837.66 206.78 1.26 EDML (49-115 kyr BP) Luthi et al. (2010) University of Bern 1495.64 47170.19 47095.36 199.66 4.52 EDML (49-115 kyr BP) Luthi et al. (2010) University of Bern 1503.59 47565.50 47622.04 205.30 1.27 EDML (49-115 kyr BP) Luthi et al. (2010) University of Bern 1508.63 47868.59 47939.47 200.28 1.84 EDML (49-115 kyr BP) Luthi et al. (2010) University of Bern 1515.50 48332.00 48471.90 199.12 0.73 EDML (49-115 kyr BP) Luthi et al. (2010) University of Bern 1518.57 48511.24 48700.06 193.59 1.49 EDML (49-115 kyr BP) Luthi et al. (2010) University of Bern 1526.58 49015.69 49241.59 199.41 1.02 EDML (49-115 kyr BP) Luthi et al. (2010) University of Bern 1531.77 49331.59 49585.84 202.36 1.34 EDML (49-115 kyr BP) Luthi et al. (2010) University of Bern 1538.60 49736.84 50117.80 200.29 0.88 EDML (49-115 kyr BP) Luthi et al. (2010) University of Bern 1543.57 50107.49 50469.38 202.80 1.50 EDML (49-115 kyr BP) Luthi et al. (2010) University of Bern 1550.59 50585.67 50955.97 205.89 2.27 EDML (49-115 kyr BP) Luthi et al. (2010) University of Bern 1556.57 50951.37 51340.23 205.33 2.41 EDML (49-115 kyr BP) Luthi et al. (2010) University of Bern 1563.91 51390.12 51785.82 210.44 2.27 EDML (49-115 kyr BP) Luthi et al. (2010) University of Bern 1567.63 51599.75 52038.38 210.71 1.56 EDML (49-115 kyr BP) Luthi et al. (2010) University of Bern 1569.95 51731.81 52187.25 213.79 1.60 EDML (49-115 kyr BP) Luthi et al. (2010) University of Bern 1575.90 52089.30 52558.08 218.00 3.62 EDML (49-115 kyr BP) Luthi et al. (2010) University of Bern 1580.64 52364.18 52856.11 218.19 2.14 EDML (49-115 kyr BP) Luthi et al. (2010) University of Bern 1581.94 52440.60 52949.64 215.91 1.34 EDML (49-115 kyr BP) Luthi et al. (2010) University of Bern 1587.92 52785.98 53329.74 220.43 0.50 EDML (49-115 kyr BP) Luthi et al. (2010) University of Bern 1590.63 52933.53 53498.34 219.01 3.53 EDML (49-115 kyr BP) Luthi et al. (2010) University of Bern 1593.97 53132.09 53718.29 218.41 2.82 EDML (49-115 kyr BP) Luthi et al. (2010) University of Bern 1600.91 53511.38 54117.92 212.75 2.50 EDML (49-115 kyr BP) Luthi et al. (2010) University of Bern 1602.63 53612.87 54227.66 214.46 1.79 EDML (49-115 kyr BP) Luthi et al. (2010) University of Bern 1605.97 53801.43 54451.73 211.89 1.62 EDML (49-115 kyr BP) Luthi et al. (2010) University of Bern 1611.92 54161.42 54835.84 208.68 0.90 EDML (49-115 kyr BP) Luthi et al. (2010) University of Bern 1615.63 54381.66 55090.97 209.42 1.91 EDML (49-115 kyr BP) Luthi et al. (2010) University of Bern 1617.97 54526.65 55271.94 209.69 0.72 EDML (49-115 kyr BP) Luthi et al. (2010) University of Bern 1623.88 54899.74 55680.88 209.47 1.13 EDML (49-115 kyr BP) Luthi et al. (2010) University of Bern 1628.64 55202.47 55981.48 203.35 1.71 EDML (49-115 kyr BP) Luthi et al. (2010) University of Bern 1629.95 55288.23 56071.21 205.05 0.35 EDML (49-115 kyr BP) Luthi et al. (2010) University of Bern 1636.92 55744.54 56549.56 205.37 0.51 EDML (49-115 kyr BP) Luthi et al. (2010) University of Bern 1639.63 55939.13 56742.31 203.70 2.32 EDML (49-115 kyr BP) Luthi et al. (2010) University of Bern 1641.97 56090.68 56903.59 208.19 0.70 EDML (49-115 kyr BP) Luthi et al. (2010) University of Bern 1647.88 56474.44 57323.27 210.74 0.78 EDML (49-115 kyr BP) Luthi et al. (2010) University of Bern 1652.64 56779.26 57662.13 217.75 1.35 EDML (49-115 kyr BP) Luthi et al. (2010) University of Bern 1653.95 56867.80 57748.65 214.24 0.81 EDML (49-115 kyr BP) Luthi et al. (2010) University of Bern 1659.92 57230.19 58095.83 219.04 0.98 EDML (49-115 kyr BP) Luthi et al. (2010) University of Bern 1664.64 57513.81 58384.53 218.41 0.56 EDML (49-115 kyr BP) Luthi et al. (2010) University of Bern 1665.94 57591.04 58455.87 225.73 0.96 EDML (49-115 kyr BP) Luthi et al. (2010) University of Bern 1670.90 57883.67 58737.85 218.44 0.65 EDML (49-115 kyr BP) Luthi et al. (2010) University of Bern 1675.58 58147.07 58990.24 221.59 2.83 EDML (49-115 kyr BP) Luthi et al. (2010) University of Bern 1677.95 58276.30 59101.39 226.80 3.67 EDML (49-115 kyr BP) Luthi et al. (2010) University of Bern 1683.92 58588.15 59433.25 223.41 0.95 EDML (49-115 kyr BP) Luthi et al. (2010) University of Bern 1688.64 58845.92 59694.21 221.84 1.17 EDML (49-115 kyr BP) Luthi et al. (2010) University of Bern 1689.94 58911.23 59772.21 223.91 2.65 EDML (49-115 kyr BP) Luthi et al. (2010) University of Bern 1695.92 59225.76 60109.88 216.66 0.84 EDML (49-115 kyr BP) Luthi et al. (2010) University of Bern 1700.63 59489.29 60373.06 212.87 0.71 EDML (49-115 kyr BP) Luthi et al. (2010) University of Bern 1702.97 59622.57 60516.63 217.25 0.60 EDML (49-115 kyr BP) Luthi et al. (2010) University of Bern 1707.92 59902.70 60817.62 213.78 1.38 EDML (49-115 kyr BP) Luthi et al. (2010) University of Bern 1711.63 60114.84 61060.88 207.95 1.26 EDML (49-115 kyr BP) Luthi et al. (2010) University of Bern 1713.94 60269.98 61234.84 210.57 1.01 EDML (49-115 kyr BP) Luthi et al. (2010) University of Bern 1718.92 60599.37 61554.11 210.90 0.70 EDML (49-115 kyr BP) Luthi et al. (2010) University of Bern 1723.63 60931.72 61900.72 206.38 1.20 EDML (49-115 kyr BP) Luthi et al. (2010) University of Bern 1731.92 61534.00 62552.01 202.56 0.95 EDML (49-115 kyr BP) Luthi et al. (2010) University of Bern 1734.80 61763.36 62774.57 202.71 2.34 EDML (49-115 kyr BP) Luthi et al. (2010) University of Bern 1736.95 61946.53 62960.90 200.15 0.65 EDML (49-115 kyr BP) Luthi et al. (2010) University of Bern 1743.97 62480.86 63555.79 197.40 1.22 EDML (49-115 kyr BP) Luthi et al. (2010) University of Bern 1747.63 62742.78 63896.88 197.24 0.78 EDML (49-115 kyr BP) Bereiter et al. (2012) University of Bern 1749.97 62924.50 64113.78 199.73 1.31 EDML (49-115 kyr BP) Bereiter et al. (2012) University of Bern 1755.97 63379.87 64657.29 203.70 0.51 EDML (49-115 kyr BP) Bereiter et al. (2012) University of Bern 1758.63 63590.16 64867.42 201.67 1.19 EDML (49-115 kyr BP) Bereiter et al. (2012) University of Bern 1760.93 63750.75 65046.72 199.17 0.66 EDML (49-115 kyr BP) Bereiter et al. (2012) University of Bern 1767.98 64253.20 65546.45 208.98 3.34 EDML (49-115 kyr BP) Bereiter et al. (2012) University of Bern 1770.63 64446.38 65764.51 198.17 0.74 EDML (49-115 kyr BP) Bereiter et al. (2012) University of Bern 1772.93 64619.76 65937.23 200.59 1.46 EDML (49-115 kyr BP) Bereiter et al. (2012) University of Bern 1779.97 65145.08 66439.31 204.39 2.87 EDML (49-115 kyr BP) Bereiter et al. (2012) University of Bern 1786.97 65711.58 66959.71 207.21 1.69 EDML (49-115 kyr BP) Bereiter et al. (2012) University of Bern 1791.98 66072.68 67314.59 201.14 2.00 EDML (49-115 kyr BP) Bereiter et al. (2012) University of Bern 1797.97 66505.71 67729.68 203.76 1.06 EDML (49-115 kyr BP) Bereiter et al. (2012) University of Bern 1803.98 66940.94 68146.19 200.17 1.62 EDML (49-115 kyr BP) Bereiter et al. (2012) University of Bern 1809.96 67377.70 68619.99 203.43 0.57 EDML (49-115 kyr BP) Bereiter et al. (2012) University of Bern 1815.98 67819.52 69081.53 205.42 0.89 EDML (49-115 kyr BP) Bereiter et al. (2012) University of Bern 1821.97 68224.68 69592.02 211.26 1.13 EDML (49-115 kyr BP) Bereiter et al. (2012) University of Bern 1828.90 68724.33 70052.16 215.55 1.78 EDML (49-115 kyr BP) Bereiter et al. (2012) University of Bern 1833.95 69122.79 70427.26 220.33 0.55 EDML (49-115 kyr BP) Bereiter et al. (2012) University of Bern 1840.90 69628.02 70928.87 225.17 1.38 EDML (49-115 kyr BP) Bereiter et al. (2012) University of Bern 1845.97 69983.43 71279.17 235.02 1.24 EDML (49-115 kyr BP) Bereiter et al. (2012) University of Bern 1851.90 70356.30 71693.65 237.56 0.75 EDML (49-115 kyr BP) Bereiter et al. (2012) University of Bern 1857.94 70768.48 72092.81 239.46 0.88 EDML (49-115 kyr BP) Bereiter et al. (2012) University of Bern 1863.90 71167.03 72490.15 232.79 0.94 EDML (49-115 kyr BP) Bereiter et al. (2012) University of Bern 1869.94 71597.51 72866.04 232.33 0.97 EDML (49-115 kyr BP) Bereiter et al. (2012) University of Bern 1875.91 72060.67 73219.32 230.89 2.09 EDML (49-115 kyr BP) Bereiter et al. (2012) University of Bern 1882.94 72647.13 73750.96 232.74 0.94 EDML (49-115 kyr BP) Bereiter et al. (2012) University of Bern 1888.91 73062.98 74221.48 231.33 0.70 EDML (49-115 kyr BP) Bereiter et al. (2012) University of Bern 1892.94 73346.30 74525.65 241.24 0.98 EDML (49-115 kyr BP) Bereiter et al. (2012) University of Bern 1899.90 73768.95 75067.95 243.27 1.62 EDML (49-115 kyr BP) Bereiter et al. (2012) University of Bern 1906.97 74174.71 75545.13 249.52 0.74 EDML (49-115 kyr BP) Bereiter et al. (2012) University of Bern 1911.90 74463.49 75850.65 249.94 0.63 EDML (49-115 kyr BP) Bereiter et al. (2012) University of Bern 1917.94 74852.26 76247.47 239.34 1.12 EDML (49-115 kyr BP) Bereiter et al. (2012) University of Bern 1923.90 75250.47 76696.74 238.01 1.98 EDML (49-115 kyr BP) Bereiter et al. (2012) University of Bern 1928.94 75627.74 77056.48 231.68 1.54 EDML (49-115 kyr BP) Bereiter et al. (2012) University of Bern 1935.90 76177.55 77615.92 224.92 1.30 EDML (49-115 kyr BP) Bereiter et al. (2012) University of Bern 1941.97 76658.00 78080.75 226.65 0.84 EDML (49-115 kyr BP) Bereiter et al. (2012) University of Bern 1947.90 77112.04 78507.95 224.14 0.65 EDML (49-115 kyr BP) Bereiter et al. (2012) University of Bern 1953.94 77597.08 78969.54 227.30 0.56 EDML (49-115 kyr BP) Bereiter et al. (2012) University of Bern 1959.90 78106.07 79410.36 229.26 1.34 EDML (49-115 kyr BP) Bereiter et al. (2012) University of Bern 1965.97 78624.97 79877.76 234.74 0.72 EDML (49-115 kyr BP) Bereiter et al. (2012) University of Bern 1971.90 79167.33 80330.36 230.60 0.62 EDML (49-115 kyr BP) Bereiter et al. (2012) University of Bern 1976.94 79633.10 80721.79 233.92 1.46 EDML (49-115 kyr BP) Bereiter et al. (2012) University of Bern 1983.90 80279.65 81206.94 230.33 0.80 EDML (49-115 kyr BP) Bereiter et al. (2012) University of Bern 1990.94 80935.76 81711.43 234.13 1.17 EDML (49-115 kyr BP) Bereiter et al. (2012) University of Bern 1995.90 81395.64 82068.79 238.89 0.94 EDML (49-115 kyr BP) Bereiter et al. (2012) University of Bern 2001.97 81937.85 82526.72 240.87 1.64 EDML (49-115 kyr BP) Bereiter et al. (2012) University of Bern 2007.90 82453.39 82988.26 246.32 0.70 EDML (49-115 kyr BP) Bereiter et al. (2012) University of Bern 2014.97 83053.93 83554.11 247.10 1.00 EDML (49-115 kyr BP) Bereiter et al. (2012) University of Bern 2019.90 83454.17 83940.90 250.79 0.80 EDML (49-115 kyr BP) Bereiter et al. (2012) University of Bern 2024.96 83855.63 84357.44 243.16 0.76 EDML (49-115 kyr BP) Bereiter et al. (2012) University of Bern 2031.90 84410.48 84936.77 238.42 1.10 EDML (49-115 kyr BP) Bereiter et al. (2012) University of Bern 2036.94 84815.35 85367.47 234.69 0.60 EDML (49-115 kyr BP) Bereiter et al. (2012) University of Bern 2042.90 85297.47 85890.69 228.76 1.57 EDML (49-115 kyr BP) Bereiter et al. (2012) University of Bern 2049.97 85886.25 86498.32 223.38 0.72 EDML (49-115 kyr BP) Bereiter et al. (2012) University of Bern 2055.90 86428.24 87027.64 221.06 2.32 EDML (49-115 kyr BP) Bereiter et al. (2012) University of Bern 2061.95 87009.06 87581.18 223.63 0.93 EDML (49-115 kyr BP) Bereiter et al. (2012) University of Bern 2067.90 87604.08 88136.18 217.80 1.57 EDML (49-115 kyr BP) Bereiter et al. (2012) University of Bern 2073.97 88185.90 88701.05 223.99 0.50 EDML (49-115 kyr BP) Bereiter et al. (2012) University of Bern 2079.90 88756.90 89244.72 227.38 1.10 EDML (49-115 kyr BP) Bereiter et al. (2012) University of Bern 2084.94 89196.80 89696.26 228.88 0.58 EDML (49-115 kyr BP) Bereiter et al. (2012) University of Bern 2091.90 89830.20 90317.29 229.74 1.29 EDML (49-115 kyr BP) Bereiter et al. (2012) University of Bern 2097.94 90409.79 90834.02 231.56 0.57 EDML (49-115 kyr BP) Bereiter et al. (2012) University of Bern 2103.89 90981.48 91445.03 231.12 0.57 EDML (49-115 kyr BP) Bereiter et al. (2012) University of Bern 2108.89 91482.86 91949.74 233.74 1.11 EDML (49-115 kyr BP) Bereiter et al. (2012) University of Bern 2115.90 92314.69 92667.82 232.46 2.22 EDML (49-115 kyr BP) Bereiter et al. (2012) University of Bern 2122.97 93256.91 93424.71 235.16 0.83 EDML (49-115 kyr BP) Bereiter et al. (2012) University of Bern 2126.90 93695.67 93823.21 238.21 0.77 EDML (49-115 kyr BP) Bereiter et al. (2012) University of Bern 2133.97 94423.75 94568.55 242.41 0.53 EDML (49-115 kyr BP) Bereiter et al. (2012) University of Bern 2139.90 95093.09 95234.11 242.91 1.07 EDML (49-115 kyr BP) Bereiter et al. (2012) University of Bern 2145.97 95826.48 95921.48 246.20 1.54 EDML (49-115 kyr BP) Bereiter et al. (2012) University of Bern 2150.90 96375.59 96474.88 245.76 0.60 EDML (49-115 kyr BP) Bereiter et al. (2012) University of Bern 2157.89 97143.55 97270.89 242.35 2.04 EDML (49-115 kyr BP) Bereiter et al. (2012) University of Bern 2163.90 97827.08 97927.46 239.86 0.45 EDML (49-115 kyr BP) Bereiter et al. (2012) University of Bern 2169.89 98530.23 98583.72 243.18 0.23 EDML (49-115 kyr BP) Bereiter et al. (2012) University of Bern 2176.90 99285.16 99361.42 242.99 1.01 EDML (49-115 kyr BP) Bereiter et al. (2012) University of Bern 2182.97 100002.95 100076.85 245.63 1.07 EDML (49-115 kyr BP) Bereiter et al. (2012) University of Bern 2186.90 100485.89 100543.18 247.87 1.10 EDML (49-115 kyr BP) Bereiter et al. (2012) University of Bern 2193.94 101471.71 101325.68 244.76 1.13 EDML (49-115 kyr BP) Bereiter et al. (2012) University of Bern 2199.90 102347.75 101971.89 240.07 0.94 EDML (49-115 kyr BP) Bereiter et al. (2012) University of Bern 2206.97 103346.58 102764.78 237.07 1.75 EDML (49-115 kyr BP) Bereiter et al. (2012) University of Bern 2210.90 103960.90 103308.74 240.68 0.94 EDML (49-115 kyr BP) Bereiter et al. (2012) University of Bern 2217.94 105073.65 104274.33 247.76 0.83 EDML (49-115 kyr BP) Bereiter et al. (2012) University of Bern 2223.90 106013.18 105121.44 251.62 0.94 EDML (49-115 kyr BP) Bereiter et al. (2012) University of Bern 2228.93 106780.99 105886.58 262.74 1.38 EDML (49-115 kyr BP) Bereiter et al. (2012) University of Bern 2236.90 107895.17 107163.27 241.64 1.48 EDML (49-115 kyr BP) Bereiter et al. (2012) University of Bern 2241.95 108754.98 108066.28 239.78 1.29 EDML (49-115 kyr BP) Bereiter et al. (2012) University of Bern 2247.91 109776.60 109005.13 245.21 2.08 EDML (49-115 kyr BP) Bereiter et al. (2012) University of Bern 2252.95 110584.84 109751.50 251.75 1.91 EDML (49-115 kyr BP) Bereiter et al. (2012) University of Bern 2259.91 111818.09 110768.33 253.99 1.57 EDML (49-115 kyr BP) Bereiter et al. (2012) University of Bern 2265.95 112685.63 111626.22 263.95 0.69 EDML (49-115 kyr BP) Bereiter et al. (2012) University of Bern 2271.61 113400.73 112457.67 268.70 0.58 EDML (49-115 kyr BP) Bereiter et al. (2012) University of Bern 2277.98 114193.50 113429.26 276.15 0.55 EDML (49-115 kyr BP) Bereiter et al. (2012) University of Bern