# High-precision ice core measurements of CO2, d13C–CO2, CH4, and N2O covering T-IV and the centennial-scale CO2 jump at the onset of MIS 9 #----------------------------------------------------------------------- # World Data Service for Paleoclimatology, Boulder # and # NOAA Paleoclimatology Program #----------------------------------------------------------------------- # Template Version 4.0 # Encoding: UTF-8 # Data License: # NOTE: Please cite original publication, NOAA Landing Page URL, dataset and publication DOIs (where available), and date accessed when using downloaded data. # If there is no publication information, please cite investigator, study title, NOAA Landing Page URL, and date accessed. # # Description/Documentation lines begin with '#' followed by a space # Data lines have no '#' # # NOAA_Landing_Page: https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/access/paleo-search/study/41022 # Landing_Page_Description: NOAA Landing Page of this file's parent study, which includes all study metadata. # # Study_Level_JSON_Metadata: https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/pub/data/metadata/published/paleo/json/noaa-icecore-41022.json # Study_Level_JSON_Description: JSON metadata of this data file's parent study, which includes all study metadata. # # Data_Type: Ice Cores # # Dataset_DOI: 10.25921/qskb-s898 # # Science_Keywords: carbon cycle #--------------------------------------- # Resource_Links # # Data_Download_Resource: https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/icecore/antarctica/domec/krauss2025_edc.txt # Data_Download_Description: NOAA Template File; Carbon Dioxide, d13C, Methane, and Nitrous Oxide Data # #--------------------------------------- # Contribution_Date # Date: 2025-02-25 #--------------------------------------- # File_Last_Modified_Date # Date: 2025-06-04 #--------------------------------------- # Title # Study_Name: High-precision ice core measurements of CO2, d13C–CO2, CH4, and N2O covering T-IV and the centennial-scale CO2 jump at the onset of MIS 9 #--------------------------------------- # Investigators # Investigators: Krauss, Florian (https://orcid.org/0009-0003-4267-2841); Baggenstos, Daniel (https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9756-6884); Schmitt, Jochen (https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4695-3029); Tuzson, Béla (https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7442-5405); Menking, James A. (https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5891-6711); Mächler, Lars; Silva, Lucas (https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3623-213X); Grimmer, Markus (https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8750-0582); Capron, Emilie (https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0784-1884); Stocker, Thomas F. (https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1245-2728); Bauska, Thomas K. (https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1901-0367); Fischer, Hubertus (https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2787-4221) #--------------------------------------- # Description_Notes_and_Keywords # Description: High-precision ice core (EDC) measurements of CO2, d13C-CO2, CH4, and N2O providing the first carbon isotope constraints on a sizeable, centennial-scale CO2 jump at the onset of Marine Isotope Stage 9 (MIS 9). #--------------------------------------- # Publication # Authors: Florian Krauss, Daniel Baggenstos, Jochen Schmitt, Béla Tuzson, James A. Menking, Lars Mächler, Lucas Silva, Markus Grimmer, Emilie Capron, Thomas F. Stocker, Thomas K. Bauska and Hubertus Fischer # Published_Date_or_Year: 2025 # Published_Title: Multiple sources of atmospheric CO2 activated by AMOC recovery at the onset of interglacial MIS 9 # Journal_Name: Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences # Volume: 122 # Edition: # Issue: 23 # Pages: # Report_Number: e2423057122 # DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2423057122 # Online_Resource: # Full_Citation: # Abstract: Using new high-precision ice core measurements of CO2, d13C-CO2, CH4, and N2O, this study provides the first carbon isotope constraints on a sizeable, centennial-scale CO2 jump at the onset of Marine Isotope Stage 9 (MIS 9). The very end of the Heinrich stadial (HS) characterizing Termination IV (T-IV, ca. 343 to 333 ka ago) shows a 250-year-long jump in greenhouse gas concentrations, followed by a 1.3 ka gradual decline back to initial concentration. During this so-called overshoot, CO2 and CH4 reach their highest levels (about 303 ppm and 800 ppb, respectively) over the past 800 ka prior to industrialization. The jump in CO2 is not accompanied by a change in d13C-CO2, suggesting that multiple mechanisms contributed to the exceptionally elevated CO2 values. Following the jump, a slow 0.2‰ enrichment in d13C-CO2 occurs. We propose that during the jump the sudden resumption of deepwater formation in the North Atlantic (NA) triggered an amplified release of CO2 from the Southern Ocean (SO) by a northward shift of the Intertropical Convergence Zone (ITCZ) and the SO westerlies, potentially in combination with a rapid land carbon release. The latter is expected from temporally enhanced wildfire activity related to higher fuel load and regionally changing weather conditions in connection to the ITCZ shift. A combination of marine proxy records and box model simulation suggests that the d13C-CO2 decrease expected from these processes is compensated by a net temperature increase in global sea surface temperature (SST) at the time of the AMOC resumption. #--------------------------------------- # Funding_Agency # Funding_Agency_Name: European Research Council # Grant: 667507 #--------------------------------------- # Funding_Agency # Funding_Agency_Name: Swiss National Science Foundation # Grant: 200020_172506, 200020B_200328 #--------------------------------------- # Funding_Agency # Funding_Agency_Name: Royal Society # Grant: TKB (URF\R\231004) #--------------------------------------- # Site_Information # Site_Name: Dome C (krauss2025) # Location: Antarctica # Northernmost_Latitude: -75.1 # Southernmost_Latitude: -75.1 # Easternmost_Longitude: 123.35 # Westernmost_Longitude: 123.35 # Elevation_m: 3233 #--------------------------------------- # Data_Collection # Collection_Name: krauss2025_EDC # First_Year: 347462 # Last_Year: 332042 # Time_Unit: calendar year before present # Core_Length_m: # Parameter_Keywords: atmospheric gas # Notes: #--------------------------------------- # Chronology_Information # Chronology: #--------------------------------------- # Variables # PaST_Thesaurus_Download_Resource: https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/access/paleo-search/skos/past-thesaurus.rdf # PaST_Thesaurus_Download_Description: Paleoenvironmental Standard Terms (PaST) Thesaurus terms, definitions, and relationships in SKOS format. # # Data variables follow that are preceded by "##" in columns one and two. # Variables list, one per line, shortname-tab-var components: what, material, error, units, seasonality, data type, detail, method, C or N for Character or Numeric data) # ## ice_depth depth at sample start,,,meter,,ice cores;climate forcing,,,N, ## gas_age gas age,,,calendar kiloyear before present,,ice cores;climate forcing,,,N,AICC2023 age scale (Bouchet et al. 2023) ## CO2_ppm carbon dioxide,,,parts per million,,ice cores;climate forcing,,sublimation,N,EDC ice core; sublimation extraction (LISE-QCLAS) ## d13C_CO2_vpdb delta 13C,carbon dioxide,,per mil VPDB,,ice cores,,sublimation,N,EDC ice core; sublimation extraction (LISE-QCLAS) ## CH4_ppb methane,,,parts per billion,,ice cores;climate forcing,,sublimation,N,EDC ice core; sublimation extraction (LISE-QCLAS) ## N2O_ppb nitrous oxide,,,parts per billion,,ice cores;climate forcing,,sublimation,N,EDC ice core; sublimation extraction (LISE-QCLAS) #------------------------ # Data: # Data lines follow (have no #) # Data line format - tab-delimited text, variable short name as header # Missing_Values: NA ice_depth gas_age CO2_ppm d13C_CO2_vpdb CH4_ppb N2O_ppb 2572.9 332.042 269.36 -6.78 612.37 291.77 2574 332.328 270.8 -6.8 625.03 289.87 2574 332.328 269.45 -6.8 621.91 287.45 2574 332.328 267.47 -6.86 621.95 286.27 2575.1 332.603 273.93 -6.95 644.75 289.66 2576.8 332.963 278.63 -6.9 665.8 290.57 2576.8 332.963 276.31 -6.86 669.33 286.03 2576.8 332.963 274.16 -6.81 660.83 285.93 2576.8 332.963 273.7 -6.84 662.95 283.49 2576.8 332.963 273.83 -6.8 652.52 283.8 2578.4 333.285 282.11 -6.88 710.9 298.36 2578.4 333.285 280.51 -6.83 704.22 290.55 2578.4 333.285 280.57 -6.87 713.48 292.02 2580.1 333.577 291.3 -6.87 738.18 298.21 2580.1 333.577 289.15 -6.81 735.37 294.62 2580.6 333.67 294.08 -6.98 743.08 302.24 2580.6 333.67 292 -6.92 750.84 295.31 2581.2 333.764 296.68 -7.18 779.7 300.46 2581.2 333.764 292.8 -6.9 771.76 297.79 2582.3 333.963 295.83 -6.94 800.9 300.81 2582.3 333.963 295.02 -6.92 798.09 299.38 2583.9 334.254 300.91 -6.92 793.59 297.33 2584.5 334.348 300.52 -7.07 774.02 300.83 2584.5 334.348 297.91 -7.05 761.48 292.72 2585.6 334.547 286.4 -6.94 589.22 279.2 2585.6 334.547 285.06 -6.88 589.36 277.27 2585.6 334.547 283.33 -6.98 595.04 276.41 2586.7 334.753 287.2 -7.04 606.23 281.23 2586.7 334.753 286.38 -7.09 603.4 279.2 2586.7 334.753 284.7 -7.09 613.68 276.34 2587.2 334.858 288.5 -7.03 618.54 353.92 2587.8 334.956 282.9 -6.92 608.04 283.46 2587.8 334.956 282 -6.92 602.36 281.9 2587.8 334.956 281.93 -6.89 609.07 282.44 2590.5 335.469 276.76 -6.95 608.96 284.54 2591.6 335.691 275.55 -7.09 592.26 289.03 2591.6 335.691 274.16 -7.01 587.41 284.09 2591.6 335.691 272.59 -7.04 589.36 282.8 2593.8 336.213 272.14 -7.21 585.31 267.79 2593.8 336.213 266.43 -7.29 581.05 261.81 2594.9 336.508 260.41 -7.26 560.29 265.44 2596 336.835 256.71 -7.13 566.89 263.6 2596 336.835 255.47 -7.12 550.88 256.05 2596 336.835 255.24 -7.06 565.11 265.03 2596 336.835 256.62 -7.23 563.32 270.86 2598.2 337.554 251.5 -7.42 529.53 279.05 2598.2 337.554 249.47 -7.28 522.93 264.28 2598.2 337.554 247.95 -7.19 524.68 259.63 2599.3 337.942 244.55 -7.35 501.94 256.63 2599.3 337.942 240.32 -7.19 496.89 254.14 2599.3 337.942 240.08 -7.16 490.3 253.28 2601.5 338.771 234.41 -7.24 476.51 268.31 2601.5 338.771 232.65 -7.27 478.9 268.9 2602.6 339.221 238.46 -7.47 496.25 246.51 2602.6 339.221 233.05 -7.19 480.22 240.1 2604.3 339.95 229.72 -7.26 438.2 239.87 2604.3 339.95 228.86 -7.12 450.57 239.72 2604.3 339.95 228.58 -7.26 456 239.37 2605.9 340.742 218.82 -7.08 453.25 226.5 2605.9 340.742 216.48 -7.2 453.47 226.24 2607 341.31 219.87 -6.82 450.03 230.77 2607 341.31 218.76 -6.9 446.08 230.48 2607 341.31 217.9 -6.89 447.18 231.2 2608.1 341.942 203.45 -7.46 437.69 207.41 2608.1 341.942 202.4 -7.57 447.41 209.78 2610.3 343.328 199.35 -6.97 395.88 229.18 2614.7 346.084 206.16 -6.81 368.7 238.13 2614.7 346.084 207.19 -6.88 378.16 241.74 2616.9 347.462 210.12 -6.97 384.59 241.28 2616.9 347.462 210.08 -6.86 382.48 240.13