# EPICA Dome C - High Resolution Holocene and Transition CO2 Data #----------------------------------------------------------------------- # World Data Service for Paleoclimatology, Boulder # and # NOAA Paleoclimatology Program # National Centers for Environmental Information (NCEI) #----------------------------------------------------------------------- # Template Version 4.0 # Encoding: UTF-8 # NOTE: Please cite original publication, NOAA Landing Page URL, dataset and publication DOIs (where available), and date accessed when using downloaded data. If there is no publication information, please cite investigator, study title, NOAA Landing Page URL, and date accessed. # # Description/Documentation lines begin with # # Data lines have no # # # NOAA_Landing_Page: https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/access/paleo-search/study/2479 # Landing_Page_Description: NOAA Landing Page of this file's parent study, which includes all study metadata. # # Study_Level_JSON_Metadata: https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/pub/data/metadata/published/paleo/json/noaa-icecore-2479.json # Study_Level_JSON_Description: JSON metadata of this data file's parent study, which includes all study metadata. # # Data_Type: Ice cores # # Dataset_DOI: 10.25921/aktb-0t39 # # Science_Keywords: #-------------------- # Resource_Links # # Data_Download_Resource: https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/icecore/antarctica/epica_domec/edc-co2-noaa.txt # Data_Download_Description: NOAA Template File; Atmospheric Carbon Dioxide Data # #-------------------- # Contribution_Date # Date: 2004-07-01 #-------------------- # File_Last_Modified_Date # Date: 2022-07-21 #-------------------- # Title # Study_Name: EPICA Dome C - High Resolution Holocene and Transition CO2 Data #-------------------- # Investigators # Investigators: Monnin, E.; Steig, E.J.; Siegenthaler, U.; Kawamura, K.; Schwander, J.; Stauffer, B.; Stocker, T.F.; Morse, D.L; Barnola, J.-M.; Bellier, B.; Raynaud, D.; Fischer, H. #-------------------- # Description_Notes_and_Keywords # Description: High Resolution CO2 Data for the EPICA Dome C ice core, and derived timescale for Taylor Dome Ice Core #-------------------- # Publication # Authors: Monnin, E., E.J. Steig, U. Siegenthaler, K. Kawamura, J. Schwander, B. Stauffer, T.F. Stocker, D.L. Morse, J.-M. Barnola, B. Bellier, D. Raynaud, and H. Fischer # Published_Date_or_Year: 2004-07-30 # Published_Title: Evidence for substantial accumulation rate variability in Antarctica during the Holocene, through synchronization of CO2 in the Taylor Dome, Dome C and DML ice cores # Journal_Name: Earth and Planetary Science Letters # Volume: 224 # Edition: # Issue: 1-2 # Pages: 45-54 # Report_Number: # DOI: 10.1016/j.epsl.2004.05.007 # Publication_Place: # Publisher: # ISBN: # Online_Resource: # Other_Reference_Details: # Full_Citation: # Abstract: High resolution records of atmospheric CO2 concentration during the Holocene are obtained from the Dome Concordia and Dronning Maud Land (Antarctica) ice cores. These records confirm that the CO2 concentration varied between 260 and 280 ppmv in the Holocene as measured in the Taylor Dome ice core. However, there are differences in the CO2 records most likely caused by mismatches in timescales. Matching the Taylor Dome timescale to the Dome C timescale by synchronization of CO2 indicates that the accumulation rate at Taylor Dome increased through the Holocene by a factor of two and bears little resemblance to the stable isotope record used as a proxy for temperature. This result shows that different locations experienced substantially different accumulation changes, and casts doubt on the often-used assumption that accumulation rate scales with the saturation vapor pressure as a function of temperature, at least for coastal locations. #-------------------- # Publication # Authors: Flückiger, J., E. Monnin, B. Stauffer, J. Schwander, T.F. Stocker, J. Chappellaz, D. Raynaud, and J.-M. Barnola # Published_Date_or_Year: 2002-03-01 # Published_Title: High resolution Holocene N2O ice core record and its relationship with CH4 and CO2 # Journal_Name: Global Biogeochemical Cycles # Volume: 16 # Edition: # Issue: 1 # Pages: # Report_Number: 1010 # DOI: 10.1029/2001GB001417 # Publication_Place: # Publisher: # ISBN: # Online_Resource: # Other_Reference_Details: # Full_Citation: # Abstract: Nitrous oxide (N2O) concentration records exist for the last 1000 years and for time periods of rapid climatic changes like the transition from the last glacial to today's interglacial and for one of the fast climate variations during the last ice age. Little is known, however, about possible N2O variations during the more stable climate of the present interglacial (Holocene) spanning the last 11 thousand years. Here we fill this gap with a high-resolution N2O record measured along the European Project for Ice Coring in Antarctica (EPICA) Dome C Antarctic ice core. On the same ice we obtained high-resolution methane and carbon dioxide records. This provides the unique opportunity to compare variations of the three most important greenhouse gases (after water vapor) without any uncertainty in their relative timing. The CO2 and CH4 records are in good agreement with previous measurements on other ice cores. The N2O concentration started to decrease in the early Holocene and reached minimum values around 8 ka (<260 ppbv) before a slow increase to its preindustrial concentration of ~265 ppbv. #-------------------- # Publication # Authors: Monnin, E., A. Indermühle, A. Dällenbach, J. Flückiger, B. Stauffer, T. F. Stocker, D. Raynaud, J.-M. Barnola # Published_Date_or_Year: 2001 # Published_Title: Atmospheric CO2 Concentrations over the Last Glacial Termination # Journal_Name: Science # Volume: 291 # Edition: # Issue: # Pages: 112-114 # Report_Number: # DOI: 10.1126/science.291.5501.112 # Publication_Place: # Publisher: # ISBN: # Online_Resource: # Other_Reference_Details: # Full_Citation: # Abstract: A record of atmospheric carbon dioxide (CO2) concentration during the transition from the Last Glacial Maximum to the Holocene, obtained from the Dome Concordia, Antarctica, ice core, reveals that an increase of 76 parts per million by volume occurred over a period of 6000 years in four clearly distinguishable intervals. The close correlation between CO2 concentration and Antarctic temperature indicates that the Southern Ocean played an important role in causing the CO2 increase. However, the similarity of changes in CO2 concentration and variations of atmospheric methane concentration suggests that processes in the tropics and in the Northern Hemisphere, where the main sources for methane are located, also had substantial effects on atmospheric CO2 concentrations. #-------------------- # Publication # Authors: Schwander, J., J. Jouzel, C. U. Hammer, J.-R. Petit, R. Udisti, E. Wolff # Published_Date_or_Year: 2001-11-15 # Published_Title: A tentative chronology for the EPICA Dome Concordia ice core # Journal_Name: Geophysical Research Letters # Volume: 28 # Edition: # Issue: 22 # Pages: 4243-4246 # Report_Number: # DOI: 10.1029/2000GL011981 # Publication_Place: # Publisher: # ISBN: # Online_Resource: # Other_Reference_Details: # Full_Citation: # Abstract: A tentative age scale (EDC1) for the last 45 kyr is established for the new 788-m EPICA Dome C ice core using a simple ice flow model. The age of volcanic eruptions, the end of the Younger Dryas event, and the estimated depth and age of elevated 10Be, about 41 kyr ago were used to calibrate the model parameters. The uncertainty of EDC1 is estimated to ±10 yr for 0 to 700 yr BP, up to ±200 yr back to 10 kyr BP, and up to ±2 kyr back to 41 kyr BP. The age of the air in the bubbles is calculated with a firn densification model. In the Holocene the air is about 2000 yr younger than the ice and about 5500 yr during the last glacial maximum. #-------------------- # Funding_Agency # Funding_Agency_Name: # Grant: #-------------------- # Site_Information # Site_Name: EPICA Dome C # Location: Antarctica # Northernmost_Latitude: -75.1 # Southernmost_Latitude: -75.1 # Easternmost_Longitude: 123.4 # Westernmost_Longitude: 123.4 # Elevation_m: 3240 #-------------------- # Data_Collection # Collection_Name: EDC CO2 Monnin2004 # Earliest_Year: 21700 # Most_Recent_Year: 173 # Time_Unit: cal yr BP # Core_Length_m: # Parameter_Keywords: atmospheric gas # Notes: #-------------------- # Chronology_Information # Chronology: # #-------------------- # Variables # # PaST_Thesaurus_Download_Resource: https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/PaST-thesaurus/SKOS/past-thesaurus-v1.0.rdf # PaST_Thesaurus_Download_Description: Paleoenvironmental Standard Terms (PaST) Thesaurus terms, definitions, and relationships in SKOS format. # # Variables format: Short_name what,material,error,units,seasonality,data_type,detail,method,data_format,additional_information # ## depth_m depth,,,meter,,ice cores;climate forcing,,,N, ## gas_ageBP gas age,,,calendar year before present,,ice cores;climate forcing,,,N,EDC1 time scale from Schwander et al. 2001 ## CO2_mean carbon dioxide,bulk atmosphere,,parts per million,,ice cores;climate forcing,averaged,,N,mean of 6 neighboring samples ## CO2_1s carbon dioxide,bulk atmosphere,one standard deviation,parts per million,,ice cores;climate forcing,,,N,one sigma of the mean value (of 6 neighboring samples) # #-------------------- # Data: # Data lines follow (have no #) # Data line format - tab-delimited text, variable short name as header # Missing_Values: depth_m gas_ageBP CO2_mean CO2_1s 102.83 173 280.4 1.8 106.885 311 274.9 0.7 107.195 322 277.9 0.7 110.245 427 279.1 1.3 110.5 435 281.9 1.1 113.265 530 277.7 0.7 115.48 604 281.1 1.1 118.615 709 282.2 0.5 121.5 806 280.1 0.6 124.815 917 278.4 1.5 127.015 991 276.6 1.4 129.745 1083 279.1 1 132.5 1175 277.7 1.2 134.715 1249 278.7 1.2 138.015 1362 277.4 0.8 141.295 1477 279.2 0.9 144.05 1574 280 0.8 146.265 1653 278.9 0.8 149.015 1751 278.7 0.7 151.195 1830 278 1.2 154.5 1948 276.9 0.7 157.815 2069 276.7 0.8 160.03 2150 276.7 0.8 162.165 2228 277.6 1.3 165.515 2352 277.9 0.5 168.28 2453 273.9 1.1 171 2550 278.9 0.6 173.135 2625 275.3 1.6 176.515 2743 274.7 1.2 178.715 2820 276.3 0.9 181.445 2918 274.6 0.8 185.845 3078 276.3 1.5 187.515 3138 273.1 1.1 189.715 3219 274 0.3 193 3337 275 0.6 196.295 3454 273.4 1.3 198.515 3531 273 0.8 201.28 3628 271.5 1 204 3724 275.4 0.5 206.195 3802 274.9 1.3 209.515 3921 271.7 1 212.265 4019 271.6 0.7 215 4117 272.8 0.8 216.645 4176 271.5 0.9 221.05 4335 271.1 0.8 222.715 4395 269.1 0.6 225.48 4496 269.8 1 228.195 4596 271.5 0.8 232.05 4737 270.7 0.5 233.715 4797 269.3 1 236.465 4895 268.6 1.1 240.265 5033 269.8 1.2 242.5 5114 267.6 0.6 244.715 5196 265.3 1.7 248.015 5318 265.2 0.8 250.715 5419 267.6 2 253.5 5521 265.9 0.9 256.265 5621 265.5 0.8 259.015 5721 260.7 1.6 260.645 5780 266.7 0.9 264.5 5921 265.5 0.8 268.365 6064 263.2 0.6 269.415 6102 262.7 0.9 272.195 6205 261.2 0.7 276.065 6349 261.1 0.4 278.265 6430 259.4 0.6 280.53 6514 262.1 0.9 283.715 6631 262.9 0.5 285.965 6713 258.1 1.4 288.165 6792 257.6 0.9 292 6930 262.3 0.9 294.745 7031 263 0.7 297.515 7132 260.7 0.6 299.715 7211 258.4 0.8 303 7328 260.1 0.6 305.745 7424 260.4 0.4 308.515 7521 259.7 0.9 311.26 7617 259.2 0.7 313.995 7714 260.8 1.4 316.745 7813 259.6 0.5 319.515 7915 259.3 0.9 322.265 8017 258.3 1.2 325 8118 261.3 0.9 326.545 8174 260.7 0.4 330.5 8315 261.8 1 333.265 8412 259 1.1 336.015 8508 260.9 0.7 338.645 8599 260.4 0.6 341.5 8697 259.3 1 343.715 8772 262 0.8 347.015 8883 263.7 1.2 349.745 8974 263.8 0.8 352.58 9067 265.2 0.9 355.815 9171 260.6 1.7 357.465 9224 260.9 0.6 360.195 9310 263 0.4 362.98 9399 263.8 1.2 369.545 9604 264.4 0.4 371.23 9657 264.2 0.9 375.045 9776 264 0.3 377.265 9846 263.4 0.1 379.995 9931 265.7 0.5 382.215 10001 264.9 0.4 385.125 10093 267.5 0.4 388.225 10192 266.9 0.6 390.445 10263 266 1.1 393.78 10370 265.1 1.6 396.495 10458 267.6 0.7 399.28 10550 264.8 0.6 401.995 10640 264.8 0.4 404.185 10712 265 0.8 404.78 10732 265.3 0.4 406.385 10785 264.4 1.5 407.495 10822 264.1 0.7 409.7 10896 264.2 1.1 411.38 10952 264.5 0.4 413.03 11008 264 0.5 414.75 11066 263 1.3 415.73 11099 265.2 0.8 417.065 11144 258.8 0.7 418.53 11195 260.8 0.5 420.485 11263 255.4 0.3 421.795 11310 253.9 0.6 422.9 11349 253.8 0.8 426.1 11468 250.7 1.1 427.33 11515 249.7 0.4 428.3 11554 251.1 0.3 429.495 11602 250.7 0.9 431.73 11695 245.3 1.1 433.785 11784 245.3 0.6 434.995 11838 246.6 0.5 437.23 11941 243.2 0.4 438.85 12017 240.3 0.3 443.795 12258 237.5 0.5 446.03 12372 237.6 0.6 448.745 12511 234.2 0.3 450.98 12625 238.3 1.1 454.245 12789 237.3 0.5 457.03 12927 237.9 0.2 459.895 13068 237.6 0.6 463.63 13252 236.4 0.9 465.245 13332 239.2 0.5 467.45 13440 238.6 0.6 470.195 13574 238.6 0.3 473.055 13711 239.1 0.4 479.705 14022 228.5 0.6 484.1 14230 228.4 0.7 487.245 14387 226.1 0.6 490.03 14532 225.2 0.5 492.195 14647 224.5 0.6 496.07 14855 222 0.8 499.345 15037 221 0.8 501.58 15166 220.9 0.5 504.195 15323 219.4 0.6 506.53 15466 214 0.8 509.245 15637 207.5 0.9 512.03 15818 207.7 0.5 514.745 16002 202.9 0.7 517.53 16199 200.8 1 520.245 16400 195.2 0.3 523.03 16616 193.9 0.5 526.295 16883 191 0.5 528.53 17073 188.5 0.7 531.245 17311 188.5 0.7 532.93 17463 189.2 0.4 536.745 17815 187 0.2 539.53 18074 188.6 0.5 542.9 18391 189.4 0.4 543.345 18433 192.3 0.6 543.93 18487 188.3 0.6 548.845 18948 188.7 0.2 550.51 19104 188.8 0.5 553.245 19360 190 0.8 556.03 19621 188 0.9 557.89 19795 188.2 0.7 558.195 19824 195 0.7 561.53 20137 187.8 0.4 564.26 20390 186.9 0.3 567.03 20646 186.5 0.3 569.745 20897 184.7 1.2 572.53 21156 186.1 0.4 576.325 21511 185.7 1.3 578.105 21676 184.4 0.8