# NGRIP and EDML Ice Core 32-11KYrBP Methane Data #----------------------------------------------------------------------- # World Data Service for Paleoclimatology, Boulder # and # NOAA Paleoclimatology Program #----------------------------------------------------------------------- # Template Version 4.0 # Encoding: UTF-8 # NOTE: Please cite original publication, NOAA Landing Page URL, dataset and publication DOIs (where available), # and date accessed when using these downloaded data. If there is no publication information, please cite investigator, study title, NOAA Landing Page URL, and date accessed. # # NOAA_Landing_Page: https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/access/paleo-search/study/13398 # Landing_Page_Description: NOAA Landing Page of this file's parent study, which includes all study metadata. # # Study_Level_JSON_Metadata: https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/pub/data/metadata/published/paleo/json/noaa-icecore-13398.json # Study_Level_JSON_Description: JSON metadata of this file's parent study, which includes all study metadata. # # Data_Type: Ice Cores # # Dataset_DOI: 10.25921/7gzt-c915 # # Science_Keywords: Last Glacial Maximum #-------------------- # Resource_Links # # Data_Download_Resource: https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/icecore/antarctica/maud/edml2012ch4-noaa.txt # Data_Download_Description: NOAA Template File; Atmospheric Methane Data # # Original_Source_URL: # Original_Source_Description: # #-------------------- # Contribution_Date # Date: 2012-10-17 #-------------------- # File_Last_Modified_Date # Date: 2022-09-21 #-------------------- # Title # Study_Name: NGRIP and EDML Ice Core 32-11KYrBP Methane Data #-------------------- # Investigators # Investigators: Baumgartner, M.; Schilt, A.(https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6312-7947); Eicher, O.; Schmitt, J.(https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4695-3029); Schwander, J.; Spahni, R.(https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4239-5130); Fischer, H.(https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2787-4221); Stocker, T.F.(https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1245-2728) #-------------------- # Description_Notes_and_Keywords # Description: Methane (CH4) record from the EPICA Dronning Maud Land ice core, Antarctica, and the North Greenland Ice Sheet Project (NGRIP) ice core, Greenland, covering 32-11KYrBP. Ice cores have unified EDML gas age scale Lemieux-Dudon et al. 2010. #-------------------- # Publication # Authors: Baumgartner, M., A. Schilt, O. Eicher, J. Schmitt, J. Schwander, R. Spahni, H. Fischer and T.F. Stocker # Journal_Name: Biogeosciences # Published_Title: High-resolution interpolar difference of atmospheric methane around the Last Glacial Maximum # Published_Date_or_Year: 2012 # Volume: 9 # Pages: 3961-3977 # Issue: # Report_Number: # DOI: 10.5194/bg-9-3961-2012 # Full_Citation: # Abstract: Reconstructions of past atmospheric methane concentrations are available from ice cores from both Greenland and Antarctica. The difference observed between the two polar methane concentration levels represents a valuable constraint on the geographical location of the methane sources. Here we present new high-resolution methane records from the North Greenland Ice Core Project (NGRIP) and the European Project for Ice Coring in Antarctica (EPICA) Dronning Maud Land (EDML) ice cores covering Termination 1, the Last Glacial Maximum, and parts of the last glacial back to 32,000 years before present. Due to the high resolution of the records, the synchronisation between the ice cores from NGRIP and EDML is considerably improved, and the interpolar concentration difference of methane is determined with unprecedented precision and temporal resolution. Relative to the mean methane concentration, we find a rather stable positive relative interpolar difference throughout the record with its minimum value of 3.7±0.7% between 21,900-21,200 years before present, which is higher than previously estimated in this interval close to the Last Glacial Maximum. This implies that Northern Hemisphere boreal wetland sources were never completely shut off during the peak glacial, as suggested from previous bipolar methane concentration records. Starting at 21,000 years before present, i.e. several millennia prior to the transition into the Holocene, the relative interpolar difference becomes even more positive and stays at a fairly stable level of 6.5±0.8% during Termination 1. We thus find that the boreal and tropical methane sources increased by approximately the same factor during Termination 1. We hypothesise that latitudinal shifts in the Intertropical Convergence Zone (ITCZ) and the monsoon system contribute, either by dislocation of the methane source regions or, in case of the ITCZ, also by changing the relative atmospheric volumes of the Northern and Southern Hemispheres, to the subtle variations in the relative interpolar concentration difference on glacial/interglacial as well as on millennial time scales. #-------------------- # Publication # Authors: EPICA Community Members # Journal_Name: Nature # Published_Title: One-to-one coupling of glacial climate variability in Greenland and Antarctica # Published_Date_or_Year: 2006 # Volume: 444 # Pages: 195-198 # Issue: # Report_Number: # DOI: 10.1038/nature05301 # Full_Citation: # Abstract: Precise knowledge of the phase relationship between climate changes in the two hemispheres is a key for understanding the Earth's climate dynamics. For the last glacial period, ice core studies have revealed strong coupling of the largest millennial-scale warm events in Antarctica with the longest Dansgaard-Oeschger events in Greenland through the Atlantic meridional overturning circulation. It has been unclear, however, whether the shorter Dansgaard-Oeschger events have counterparts in the shorter and less prominent Antarctic temperature variations, and whether these events are linked by the same mechanism. Here we present a glacial climate record derived from an ice core from Dronning Maud Land, Antarctica, which represents South Atlantic climate at a resolution comparable with the Greenland ice core records. After methane synchronization with an ice core from North Greenland, the oxygen isotope record from the Dronning Maud Land ice core shows a one-to-one coupling between all Antarctic warm events and Greenland Dansgaard-Oeschger events by the bipolar seesaw. The amplitude of the Antarctic warm events is found to be linearly dependent on the duration of the concurrent stadial in the North, suggesting that they all result from a similar reduction in the meridional overturning circulation. #-------------------- # Publication # Authors: Schilt, A., M. Baumgartner, J. Schwander, D. Buiron, E. Capron, J. Chappellaz, L. Loulergue, S. Schüpbach, R. Spahni, H. Fischer, and T.F. Stocker # Journal_Name: Earth and Planetary Science Letters # Published_Title: Atmospheric nitrous oxide during the last 140,000 years # Published_Date_or_Year: 2010 # Volume: 300 # Pages: 33-43 # Issue: # Report_Number: # DOI: 10.1016/j.epsl.2010.09.027 # Full_Citation: # Abstract: Reconstructions of past atmospheric concentrations of greenhouse gases provide unique insight into the biogeochemical cycles and the past radiative forcing in the Earth's climate system. We present new measurements of atmospheric nitrous oxide along the ice cores of the North Greenland Ice Core Project and Talos Dome sites. Using records of several other ice cores, we are now able to establish the first complete composite nitrous oxide record reaching back to the beginning of the previous interglacial about 140,000 yr ago. On the basis of such composite ice core records, we further calculate the radiative forcing of the three most important greenhouse gases carbon dioxide, methane and nitrous oxide during more than a full glacial-interglacial cycle. Nitrous oxide varies in line with climate, reaching very low concentrations of about 200 parts per billion by volume during Marine Isotope Stages 4 and 2, and showing substantial responses to millennial time scale climate variations during the last glacial. A large part of these millennial time scale variations can be explained by parallel changes in the sources of methane and nitrous oxide. However, as revealed by high-resolution measurements covering the Dansgaard/Oeschger events 17 to 15, the evolution of these two greenhouse gases may be decoupled on the centennial time scale. Carbon dioxide and methane concentrations do not reach interglacial levels in the course of millennial time scale climate variations during the last glacial. In contrast, nitrous oxide often reaches interglacial concentrations in response to both, glacial terminations and Dansgaard/Oeschger events. This indicates, from a biogeochemical point of view, similar drivers in both temporal cases. While carbon dioxide and methane concentrations are more strongly controlled by climate changes in high latitudes, nitrous oxide emissions changes may mainly stem from the ocean and/or from soils located at low latitudes. Accordingly, we speculate that high latitudes could play the leading role to trigger glacial terminations. #-------------------- # Funding_Agency # Funding_Agency_Name: Swiss National Science Foundation # Grant_Number: #-------------------- # Site_Information # Site_Name: EPICA Dronning Maud Land # Location: Antarctica # Northernmost_Latitude: -75 # Southernmost_Latitude: -75 # Easternmost_Longitude: .07 # Westernmost_Longitude: .07 # Elevation: 2892 #-------------------- # Data_Collection # Collection_Name: EDML2012CH4 # First_Year: 31839 # Last_Year: 11067 # Time_Unit: cal yr BP # Core_Length: 531 # Parameter_Keywords: atmospheric gas # Notes: #-------------------- # Chronology_Information # Chronology: # unified EDML gas age scale Lemieux-Dudon et al. 2010 # #------------------ # Variables # # PaST_Thesaurus_Download_Resource: https://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/paleo/skos/past-thesaurus.rdf # PaST_Thesaurus_Download_Description: Paleoenvironmental Standard Terms (PaST) Thesaurus terms, definitions, and relationships in SKOS format. # # variables format: shortname what,material,error,units,seasonality,data_type,detail,method, C(har) or N(umeric) data,additional information # ## depth_m depth,,,meter,,climate forcing;ice cores,,,N, ## age_gas_calBP gas age,,,calendar year before present,,climate forcing;ice cores,,,N,unified EDML gas age scale Lemieux-Dudon et al. 2010 ## ch4_ppb methane,bulk atmosphere,,parts per billion,,climate forcing;ice cores,,,N, ## ch4_1s_ppb methane,bulk atmosphere,one standard deviation,parts per billion,,climate forcing;ice cores,,,N, ## notes notes,,,,,ice cores,,,N,reference for this sample #-------------------- # Data: # Missing_Values: depth_m age_gas_calBP ch4_ppb ch4_1s_ppb notes 692.165 11067.3 716.8 10.0 EPICA Community Members (2006) 692.675 11079.2 672.7 10.0 EPICA Community Members (2006) 695.165 11138.3 688.2 10.0 EPICA Community Members (2006) 700.015 11253.6 698.0 10.0 EPICA Community Members (2006) 700.045 11254.3 715.8 7.3 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22831.6 394.4 6.2 "Baumgartner et al., (2012)" 1058.135 22832.5 381.8 6.2 "Baumgartner et al., (2012)" 1059.915 22879.7 385.6 6.2 "Baumgartner et al., (2012)" 1062.015 22942.3 393.9 6.2 "Baumgartner et al., (2012)" 1063.085 22974.8 399.2 6.2 "Baumgartner et al., (2012)" 1063.915 23000.1 391.9 6.2 "Baumgartner et al., (2012)" 1064.675 23022.5 402.7 10.0 EPICA Community Members (2006) 1067.015 23096.8 393.4 6.2 "Baumgartner et al., (2012)" 1069.015 23163.1 370.5 6.2 "Baumgartner et al., (2012)" 1069.045 23164.2 385.8 6.2 "Baumgartner et al., (2012)" 1071.015 23236.2 382.7 10.0 EPICA Community Members (2006) 1071.045 23237.4 361.7 6.2 "Baumgartner et al., (2012)" 1073.015 23339.1 361.0 6.2 "Baumgartner et al., (2012)" 1073.045 23341.0 362.9 6.2 "Baumgartner et al., (2012)" 1075.015 23461.8 363.6 6.2 "Baumgartner et al., (2012)" 1075.045 23463.7 361.7 6.2 "Baumgartner et al., (2012)" 1076.675 23565.2 358.1 10.0 EPICA Community Members (2006) 1077.915 23644.0 359.1 6.2 "Baumgartner et al., (2012)" 1077.985 23648.4 362.7 6.2 "Baumgartner et al., (2012)" 1079.165 23719.8 365.5 10.0 EPICA Community Members (2006) 1081.015 23836.6 364.6 6.2 "Baumgartner et al., (2012)" 1081.045 23837.9 368.2 6.2 "Baumgartner et al., (2012)" 1083.015 23927.9 388.0 10.0 EPICA Community Members (2006) 1083.075 23930.7 362.4 6.2 "Baumgartner et al., (2012)" 1085.045 24043.0 362.8 6.2 "Baumgartner et al., (2012)" 1085.075 24044.9 373.4 6.2 "Baumgartner et al., (2012)" 1087.015 24156.0 373.1 6.2 "Baumgartner et al., (2012)" 1088.675 24245.5 348.7 10.0 EPICA Community Members (2006) 1089.915 24321.7 377.7 6.2 "Baumgartner et al., (2012)" 1091.165 24387.6 384.3 10.0 EPICA Community Members (2006) 1093.015 24489.4 373.6 7.6 "Baumgartner et al., (2012)" 1095.015 24615.1 379.7 10.0 EPICA Community Members (2006) 1095.075 24618.8 363.0 6.2 "Baumgartner et al., (2012)" 1095.105 24620.6 365.5 6.2 "Baumgartner et al., (2012)" 1095.135 24622.5 358.2 6.2 "Baumgartner et al., (2012)" 1095.165 24624.3 358.7 6.2 "Baumgartner et al., (2012)" 1097.015 24728.9 376.0 6.2 "Baumgartner et al., (2012)" 1099.015 24849.7 368.7 6.2 "Baumgartner et al., (2012)" 1100.675 24942.0 369.3 10.0 EPICA Community Members (2006) 1101.915 25007.8 386.5 6.2 "Baumgartner et al., (2012)" 1101.945 25009.4 366.2 6.2 "Baumgartner et al., (2012)" 1104.015 25119.9 371.2 6.2 "Baumgartner et al., (2012)" 1104.915 25171.0 364.4 6.2 "Baumgartner et al., (2012)" 1107.015 25286.5 369.3 10.0 EPICA Community Members (2006) 1107.045 25288.1 363.7 7.8 "Baumgartner et al., (2012)" 1109.015 25395.3 349.0 6.2 "Baumgartner et al., (2012)" 1109.045 25397.0 352.4 6.2 "Baumgartner et al., (2012)" 1110.675 25486.4 363.4 10.0 EPICA Community Members (2006) 1111.915 25555.9 359.0 6.4 "Baumgartner et al., (2012)" 1113.015 25616.4 371.3 6.2 "Baumgartner et al., (2012)" 1114.915 25713.5 359.4 6.2 "Baumgartner et al., (2012)" 1117.015 25815.0 374.6 6.2 "Baumgartner et al., (2012)" 1117.045 25816.6 355.3 6.2 "Baumgartner et al., (2012)" 1119.015 25918.8 362.3 10.0 EPICA Community Members (2006) 1119.045 25920.2 369.3 6.2 "Baumgartner et al., (2012)" 1119.075 25921.5 375.8 6.2 "Baumgartner et al., (2012)" 1119.105 25922.9 363.0 6.2 "Baumgartner et al., (2012)" 1119.135 25924.3 347.2 6.2 "Baumgartner et al., (2012)" 1119.165 25925.7 358.0 6.2 "Baumgartner et al., (2012)" 1121.015 26014.0 374.0 6.2 "Baumgartner et al., (2012)" 1121.045 26015.5 364.0 6.2 "Baumgartner et al., (2012)" 1122.675 26098.6 357.5 10.0 EPICA Community Members (2006) 1123.915 26159.0 359.4 6.2 "Baumgartner et al., (2012)" 1125.015 26213.5 366.2 6.2 "Baumgartner et al., (2012)" 1127.165 26322.5 362.2 10.0 EPICA Community Members (2006) 1129.015 26423.8 363.0 6.2 "Baumgartner et al., (2012)" 1130.015 26476.4 366.0 10.0 EPICA Community Members (2006) 1130.045 26478.0 379.2 6.2 "Baumgartner et al., (2012)" 1130.075 26479.5 366.2 6.2 "Baumgartner et al., (2012)" 1131.015 26530.7 372.3 6.2 "Baumgartner et al., (2012)" 1131.045 26532.4 373.5 6.2 "Baumgartner et al., (2012)" 1133.015 26638.0 379.9 6.2 "Baumgartner et al., (2012)" 1133.045 26639.6 381.1 6.2 "Baumgartner et al., (2012)" 1135.015 26748.7 370.4 6.2 "Baumgartner et al., (2012)" 1135.045 26750.1 374.2 6.4 "Baumgartner et al., (2012)" 1136.675 26827.1 375.5 10.0 EPICA Community Members (2006) 1137.915 26892.4 385.3 6.2 "Baumgartner et al., (2012)" 1139.165 26955.5 392.2 10.0 EPICA Community Members (2006) 1141.015 27028.2 385.4 6.2 "Baumgartner et al., (2012)" 1142.015 27068.5 388.3 10.0 EPICA Community Members (2006) 1142.045 27069.7 384.4 6.2 "Baumgartner et al., (2012)" 1142.075 27070.9 381.4 6.2 "Baumgartner et al., (2012)" 1142.105 27072.1 389.8 6.2 "Baumgartner et al., (2012)" 1142.135 27073.3 373.5 6.2 "Baumgartner et al., (2012)" 1142.165 27074.5 381.5 6.2 "Baumgartner et al., (2012)" 1143.015 27108.5 388.2 6.2 "Baumgartner et al., (2012)" 1145.015 27194.5 395.3 6.2 "Baumgartner et al., (2012)" 1146.675 27261.4 393.2 10.0 EPICA Community Members (2006) 1147.915 27310.1 392.2 6.2 "Baumgartner et al., (2012)" 1147.945 27311.3 404.1 6.2 "Baumgartner et al., (2012)" 1149.015 27357.6 447.3 6.2 "Baumgartner et al., (2012)" 1149.050 27359.2 407.7 6.2 "Baumgartner et al., (2012)" 1149.085 27360.9 417.9 6.2 "Baumgartner et al., (2012)" 1150.165 27418.4 429.1 10.0 EPICA Community Members (2006) 1151.915 27575.7 448.5 6.2 "Baumgartner et al., (2012)" 1151.945 27578.5 376.9 6.2 "Baumgartner et al., (2012)" 1151.980 27581.8 439.9 6.2 "Baumgartner et al., (2012)" 1153.050 27680.6 428.1 6.2 "Baumgartner et al., (2012)" 1153.085 27682.6 407.2 6.7 "Baumgartner et al., (2012)" 1155.015 27799.0 382.3 10.0 EPICA Community Members (2006) 1155.045 27801.0 384.1 6.2 "Baumgartner et al., (2012)" 1157.015 27935.2 371.8 6.2 "Baumgartner et al., (2012)" 1158.015 27998.2 375.4 6.2 "Baumgartner et al., (2012)" 1159.675 28090.9 362.5 10.0 EPICA Community Members (2006) 1160.915 28157.5 366.0 6.2 "Baumgartner et al., (2012)" 1162.165 28224.5 397.7 10.0 EPICA Community Members (2006) 1163.915 28306.6 389.6 6.2 "Baumgartner et al., (2012)" 1166.015 28402.8 400.8 6.2 "Baumgartner et al., (2012)" 1167.015 28453.6 416.0 10.0 EPICA Community Members (2006) 1167.045 28455.2 406.8 6.2 "Baumgartner et al., (2012)" 1167.075 28456.9 432.5 6.2 "Baumgartner et al., (2012)" 1167.105 28458.5 412.0 6.2 "Baumgartner et al., (2012)" 1167.135 28460.2 402.2 6.2 "Baumgartner et al., (2012)" 1167.165 28461.8 409.0 6.2 "Baumgartner et al., (2012)" 1169.015 28560.8 420.1 6.2 "Baumgartner et al., (2012)" 1170.015 28612.4 457.2 6.2 "Baumgartner et al., (2012)" 1170.045 28613.9 433.2 6.2 "Baumgartner et al., (2012)" 1171.675 28699.1 456.8 10.0 EPICA Community Members (2006) 1173.015 28774.2 453.6 6.2 "Baumgartner et al., (2012)" 1173.045 28776.0 472.2 6.2 "Baumgartner et al., (2012)" 1174.015 28832.7 458.6 6.2 "Baumgartner et al., (2012)" 1174.045 28834.1 458.4 6.2 "Baumgartner et al., (2012)" 1175.165 28887.5 387.7 10.0 EPICA Community Members (2006) 1177.015 28979.6 398.3 6.2 "Baumgartner et al., (2012)" 1178.015 29035.1 385.7 10.0 EPICA Community Members (2006) 1178.045 29036.8 425.9 6.2 "Baumgartner et al., (2012)" 1178.075 29038.4 390.7 6.2 "Baumgartner et al., (2012)" 1178.105 29040.1 393.2 6.2 "Baumgartner et al., (2012)" 1178.135 29041.8 383.9 6.2 "Baumgartner et al., (2012)" 1178.165 29043.4 383.5 6.2 "Baumgartner et al., (2012)" 1179.915 29129.4 397.5 6.2 "Baumgartner et al., (2012)" 1179.945 29130.8 385.2 6.2 "Baumgartner et al., (2012)" 1181.915 29239.8 373.9 6.2 "Baumgartner et al., (2012)" 1181.945 29241.2 385.5 6.2 "Baumgartner et al., (2012)" 1183.625 29326.0 387.9 10.0 EPICA Community Members (2006) 1185.015 29409.6 387.9 6.2 "Baumgartner et al., (2012)" 1187.165 29547.0 390.7 10.0 EPICA Community Members (2006) 1189.015 29651.9 396.9 6.2 "Baumgartner et al., (2012)" 1191.015 29770.9 387.7 10.0 EPICA Community Members (2006) 1191.045 29772.7 381.4 6.2 "Baumgartner et al., (2012)" 1191.075 29774.5 384.6 6.2 "Baumgartner et al., (2012)" 1193.050 29894.8 408.3 6.2 "Baumgartner et al., (2012)" 1193.050 29894.8 395.6 6.2 "Baumgartner et al., (2012)" 1194.015 29949.7 396.2 6.2 "Baumgartner et al., (2012)" 1194.045 29951.2 389.0 6.2 "Baumgartner et al., (2012)" 1194.075 29952.8 397.9 6.2 "Baumgartner et al., (2012)" 1195.625 30031.5 410.2 10.0 EPICA Community Members (2006) 1197.015 30105.1 405.3 6.2 "Baumgartner et al., (2012)" 1197.045 30106.9 400.0 6.2 "Baumgartner et al., (2012)" 1199.165 30219.9 388.4 10.0 EPICA Community Members (2006) 1203.015 30445.1 405.3 10.0 EPICA Community Members (2006) 1203.045 30447.1 414.5 6.2 "Baumgartner et al., (2012)" 1207.625 30771.1 393.8 10.0 EPICA Community Members (2006) 1212.165 31093.0 396.1 10.0 EPICA Community Members (2006) 1215.015 31287.3 404.0 10.0 EPICA Community Members (2006) 1215.045 31289.2 413.3 6.2 "Baumgartner et al., (2012)" 1218.625 31528.3 414.1 10.0 EPICA Community Members (2006) 1223.165 31839.4 424.1 10.0 EPICA Community Members (2006)