# South Pole Ice Core (SPICEcore) SP19 Age Model #----------------------------------------------------------------------- # World Data Service for Paleoclimatology, Boulder # and # NOAA Paleoclimatology Program # National Centers for Environmental Information (NCEI) #----------------------------------------------------------------------- # Template Version 3.0 # Encoding: UTF-8 # NOTE: Please cite Publication, and Online_Resource and date accessed when using these data. # If there is no publication information, please cite Investigators, Title, and Online_Resource and date accessed. # # Online_Resource: https://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/paleo/study/27690 # Description: NOAA Landing Page # Online_Resource: https://www1.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/icecore/antarctica/sp19ca-no3.txt # Description: NOAA location of the template # # Original_Source_URL: # Description: # # Description/Documentation lines begin with # # Data lines have no # # # Archive: Ice Core # # Dataset DOI: # # Parameter_Keywords: age control, chemistry, accumulation, nitrogen isotopes #-------------------- # Contribution_Date # Date: 2019-09-19 #-------------------- # File_Last_Modified_Date # Date: 2019-09-19 #-------------------- # Title # Study_Name: South Pole Ice Core (SPICEcore) SP19 Age Model #-------------------- # Investigators # Investigators: Winski, D.A.; Fudge, T.J.; Ferris, D.G.; Osterberg, E.C.; Fegyveresi, J.M.; Cole-Dai, J.; Thundercloud, Z.; Cox, T.S.; Kreutz, K.J.; Ortman, N.; Buizert, C.; Epifanio, J.; Brook, E.J.; Beaudette, R.; Severinghaus, J.; Sowers, T.; Steig, E.J.; Kahle, E.C.; Jones, T.R.; Morris, V.; Aydin, M.; Nicewonger, M.R.; Casey, K.A.; Alley, R.B.; Waddington, E.D.; Iverson, N.A.; Dunbar, N.W.; Bay, R.C.; Souney, J.M.; Sigl, M.; McConnell, J.R. #-------------------- # Description_Notes_and_Keywords # Description: The SP19 timescale: depth-age relationship and associated uncertainties for the South Pole Ice Core (SPICEcore), with supporting data. #-------------------- # Publication # Authors: Dominic A. Winski, Tyler J. Fudge, David G. Ferris, Erich C. Osterberg, John M. Fegyveresi, Jihong Cole-Dai, Zayta Thundercloud, Thomas S. Cox, Karl J. Kreutz, Nikolas Ortman, Christo Buizert, Jenna Epifanio, Edward J. Brook, Ross Beaudette, Jeffrey Severinghaus, Todd Sowers, Eric J. Steig, Emma C. Kahle, Tyler R. Jones, Valerie Morris, Murat Aydin, Melinda R. Nicewonger, Kimberly A. Casey, Richard B. Alley, Edwin D. Waddington, Nels A. Iverson, Nelia W. Dunbar, Ryan C. Bay, Joseph M. Souney, Michael Sigl, and Joseph R. McConnell # Published_Date_or_Year: 2019-10-08 # Published_Title: The SP19 Chronology for the South Pole Ice Core - Part 1: volcanic matching and annual layer counting # Journal_Name: Climate of the Past # Volume: 15 # Edition: # Issue: 5 # Pages: # Report_Number: # DOI: 10.5194/cp-15-1793-2019 # Online_Resource: https://www.clim-past.net/15/1793/2019/ # Full_Citation: # Abstract: The South Pole Ice Core (SPICEcore) was drilled in 2014-2016 to provide a detailed multi-proxy archive of paleoclimate conditions in East Antarctica during the Holocene and late Pleistocene. Interpretation of these records requires an accurate depth-age relationship. Here, we present the SPICEcore (SP19) timescale for the age of the ice of SPICEcore. SP19 is synchronized to the WD2014 chronology from the West Antarctic Ice Sheet Divide (WAIS Divide) ice core using stratigraphic matching of 251 volcanic events. These events indicate an age of 54302±519BP (years before 1950) at the bottom of SPICEcore. Annual layers identified in sodium and magnesium ions to 11341BP were used to interpolate between stratigraphic volcanic tie points, yielding an annually resolved chronology through the Holocene. Estimated timescale uncertainty during the Holocene is less than 18 years relative to WD2014, with the exception of the interval between 1800 to 3100 BP when uncertainty estimates reach ±25 years due to widely spaced volcanic tie points. Prior to the Holocene, uncertainties remain within 124 years relative to WD2014. Results show an average Holocene accumulation rate of 7.4cm yr-1 (water equivalent). The time variability of accumulation rate is consistent with expectations for steady-state ice flow through the modern spatial pattern of accumulation rate. Time variations in nitrate concentration, nitrate seasonal amplitude and d15N of N2 in turn are as expected for the accumulation rate variations. The highly variable yet well-constrained Holocene accumulation history at the site can help improve scientific understanding of deposition-sensitive climate proxies such as d15N of N2 and photolyzed chemical compounds. #------------------ # Funding_Agency # Funding_Agency_Name: US National Science Foundation # Grant: 1443105, 1141839 (Steig), 1443336 (Osterberg), 1443397 (Kreutz), 1443663 (Cole-Dai), 1443232 (Waddington, Fudge), 1142517, 1443470 (Aydin), 1443464 (Sowers), 1443710 (Severinghaus), 1542778 (Alley, Fegyveresi), 1443472, 1643722 (Brook), 1543454 (Dunbar) #------------------ # Site_Information # Site_Name: South Pole Ice Core (SPICEcore) # Location: Antarctica # Country: # Northernmost_Latitude: -89.99 # Southernmost_Latitude: -89.99 # Easternmost_Longitude: -99.16 # Westernmost_Longitude: -99.16 # Elevation: 2835 m #------------------ # Data_Collection # Collection_Name: SP19CaNO3 # Earliest_Year: 54199 # Most_Recent_Year: -65 # Time_Unit: Cal. years BP # Core_Length: 1751 # Notes: 100 year median nitrate and calcium concentrations in the South Pole Ice Core (SPICEcore). The calcium data are preliminary and subject to future changes. For updated datasets, please contact dominic.winski@maine.edu #------------------ # Chronology_Information # Chronology: Chronology is constrained by volcanic events linked with the WAIS-Divie ice core and annual layer counting of sodium and magnesium. # #---------------- # Variables # # Data variables follow are preceded by "##" in columns one and two. # Data line variables format: one per line, shortname-tab-variable components (what, material, error, units, seasonality, data type,detail, method, C or N for Character or Numeric data, free text) # ## age_top age, ice, , calendar year before present, , ice core, , ,N, Years Before 1950 CE top ## age_bot age, ice, , calendar year before present, , ice core, , ,N, Years Before 1950 CE bottom ## NO3 nitrate, ice, , parts per billion, , ice core, , ,N, Median Nitrate Concentration ## Ca calcium, ice, , parts per billion, , ice core, , ,N, Median Calcium Concentration # #---------------- # Data: # Data lines follow (have no #) # Data line format - tab-delimited text, variable short name as header # Missing Values: # age_top age_bot NO3 Ca -65 -1 120 7 0 99 85 4 100 199 79 4 200 299 69 4 300 399 76 4 400 499 75 3 500 599 83 3 600 699 86 3 700 799 80 1 800 899 78 1 900 999 86 1 1000 1099 82 1 1100 1199 87 1 1200 1299 77 1 1300 1399 80 1 1400 1499 82 1 1500 1599 85 1 1600 1699 95 1 1700 1799 92 1 1800 1899 98 1 1900 1999 99 1 2000 2099 97 1 2100 2199 96 1 2200 2299 77 1 2300 2399 66 1 2400 2499 64 1 2500 2599 60 0 2600 2699 73 0 2700 2799 80 1 2800 2899 83 1 2900 2999 81 0 3000 3099 83 0 3100 3199 89 1 3200 3299 94 0 3300 3399 87 1 3400 3499 88 1 3500 3599 81 1 3600 3699 92 1 3700 3799 97 1 3800 3899 93 1 3900 3999 90 1 4000 4099 86 1 4100 4199 86 1 4200 4299 87 1 4300 4399 86 1 4400 4499 82 1 4500 4599 86 1 4600 4699 82 1 4700 4799 78 1 4800 4899 74 1 4900 4999 86 1 5000 5099 84 1 5100 5199 97 3 5200 5299 88 2 5300 5399 86 1 5400 5499 78 2 5500 5599 79 2 5600 5699 83 1 5700 5799 85 1 5800 5899 80 1 5900 5999 86 1 6000 6099 93 1 6100 6199 89 1 6200 6299 87 2 6300 6399 92 1 6400 6499 88 1 6500 6599 93 1 6600 6699 90 1 6700 6799 85 1 6800 6899 79 1 6900 6999 75 1 7000 7099 71 1 7100 7199 68 1 7200 7299 67 1 7300 7399 71 1 7400 7499 64 2 7500 7599 69 1 7600 7699 65 1 7700 7799 64 1 7800 7899 63 1 7900 7999 60 2 8000 8099 55 1 8100 8199 61 1 8200 8299 66 1 8300 8399 64 1 8400 8499 90 1 8500 8599 79 1 8600 8699 69 1 8700 8799 80 1 8800 8899 69 1 8900 8999 66 1 9000 9099 62 1 9100 9199 72 1 9200 9299 63 0 9300 9399 64 1 9400 9499 65 1 9500 9599 66 1 9600 9699 62 1 9700 9799 61 1 9800 9899 58 1 9900 9999 75 1 10000 10099 68 1 10100 10199 63 1 10200 10299 68 1 10300 10399 70 1 10400 10499 73 2 10500 10599 78 2 10600 10699 68 1 10700 10799 74 1 10800 10899 71 1 10900 10999 70 1 11000 11099 75 2 11100 11199 69 1 11200 11299 72 1 11300 11399 78 1 11400 11499 80 1 11500 11599 67 1 11600 11699 67 1 11700 11799 62 1 11800 11899 59 1 11900 11999 57 0 12000 12099 56 0 12100 12199 54 1 12200 12299 55 1 12300 12399 47 1 12400 12499 40 1 12500 12599 39 1 12600 12699 37 1 12700 12799 40 1 12800 12899 41 1 12900 12999 45 1 13000 13099 41 1 13100 13199 40 2 13200 13299 36 2 13300 13399 41 1 13400 13499 40 2 13500 13599 34 1 13600 13699 38 1 13700 13799 37 2 13800 13899 35 2 13900 13999 33 1 14000 14099 40 2 14100 14199 42 2 14200 14299 44 2 14300 14399 47 2 14400 14499 48 2 14500 14599 41 2 14600 14699 37 2 14700 14799 57 2 14800 14899 50 2 14900 14999 44 2 15000 15099 56 3 15100 15199 49 3 15200 15299 57 3 15300 15399 60 3 15400 15499 60 3 15500 15599 58 3 15600 15699 68 3 15700 15799 80 4 15800 15899 65 4 15900 15999 81 5 16000 16099 82 7 16100 16199 88 6 16200 16299 89 7 16300 16399 83 10 16400 16499 97 12 16500 16599 98 8 16600 16699 100 8 16700 16799 101 13 16800 16899 87 11 16900 16999 84 13 17000 17099 104 16 17100 17199 101 19 17200 17299 96 19 17300 17399 102 22 17400 17499 106 20 17500 17599 99 19 17600 17699 89 22 17700 17799 111 24 17800 17899 108 24 17900 17999 117 29 18000 18099 115 34 18100 18199 113 25 18200 18299 121 23 18300 18399 127 25 18400 18499 121 35 18500 18599 139 28 18600 18699 130 28 18700 18799 122 25 18800 18899 133 28 18900 18999 132 29 19000 19099 120 29 19100 19199 125 27 19200 19299 134 28 19300 19399 134 27 19400 19499 128 26 19500 19599 129 31 19600 19699 145 27 19700 19799 136 25 19800 19899 134 32 19900 19999 141 36 20000 20099 148 35 20100 20199 141 38 20200 20299 163 31 20300 20399 141 24 20400 20499 133 28 20500 20599 142 31 20600 20699 142 35 20700 20799 131 26 20800 20899 140 32 20900 20999 125 34 21000 21099 132 36 21100 21199 122 35 21200 21299 128 34 21300 21399 114 35 21400 21499 128 36 21500 21599 117 34 21600 21699 125 36 21700 21799 122 39 21800 21899 134 40 21900 21999 118 37 22000 22099 132 38 22100 22199 110 33 22200 22299 112 35 22300 22399 119 32 22400 22499 119 33 22500 22599 103 31 22600 22699 103 29 22700 22799 112 30 22800 22899 111 30 22900 22999 110 28 23000 23099 116 30 23100 23199 97 27 23200 23299 109 23 23300 23399 103 24 23400 23499 102 26 23500 23599 98 26 23600 23699 74 22 23700 23799 95 26 23800 23899 90 27 23900 23999 119 38 24000 24099 101 32 24100 24199 109 32 24200 24299 103 34 24300 24399 90 34 24400 24499 116 35 24500 24599 111 35 24600 24699 119 33 24700 24799 115 38 24800 24899 97 37 24900 24999 104 40 25000 25099 98 36 25100 25199 91 42 25200 25299 101 36 25300 25399 112 38 25400 25499 101 42 25500 25599 92 52 25600 25699 101 49 25700 25799 109 54 25800 25899 106 48 25900 25999 115 50 26000 26099 105 45 26100 26199 118 42 26200 26299 112 40 26300 26399 110 36 26400 26499 125 37 26500 26599 111 25 26600 26699 126 35 26700 26799 127 35 26800 26899 117 33 26900 26999 129 30 27000 27099 137 32 27100 27199 121 30 27200 27299 122 29 27300 27399 135 29 27400 27499 128 27 27500 27599 124 23 27600 27699 108 21 27700 27799 117 22 27800 27899 102 29 27900 27999 110 27 28000 28099 92 27 28100 28199 100 32 28200 28299 98 35 28300 28399 94 35 28400 28499 109 45 28500 28599 111 45 28600 28699 112 36 28700 28799 104 26 28800 28899 112 27 28900 28999 112 24 29000 29099 95 16 29100 29199 88 18 29200 29299 86 19 29300 29399 94 21 29400 29499 96 22 29500 29599 95 21 29600 29699 99 21 29700 29799 92 23 29800 29899 93 23 29900 29999 98 NaN 30000 30099 100 32 30100 30199 108 37 30200 30299 110 38 30300 30399 111 38 30400 30499 115 29 30500 30599 123 31 30600 30699 117 28 30700 30799 115 28 30800 30899 112 24 30900 30999 105 25 31000 31099 116 31 31100 31199 112 25 31200 31299 108 25 31300 31399 111 25 31400 31499 105 22 31500 31599 118 25 31600 31699 112 34 31700 31799 108 32 31800 31899 114 34 31900 31999 117 24 32000 32099 100 20 32100 32199 112 17 32200 32299 94 16 32300 32399 99 13 32400 32499 84 12 32500 32599 84 16 32600 32699 92 15 32700 32799 82 14 32800 32899 81 15 32900 32999 89 16 33000 33099 96 19 33100 33199 110 21 33200 33299 92 23 33300 33399 106 22 33400 33499 100 19 33500 33599 97 15 33600 33699 99 13 33700 33799 94 13 33800 33899 99 14 33900 33999 98 17 34000 34099 102 17 34100 34199 100 18 34200 34299 99 18 34300 34399 96 17 34400 34499 109 19 34500 34599 106 20 34600 34699 111 20 34700 34799 110 20 34800 34899 111 18 34900 34999 125 18 35000 35099 119 17 35100 35199 96 13 35200 35299 103 13 35300 35399 99 11 35400 35499 86 8 35500 35599 97 10 35600 35699 92 11 35700 35799 85 11 35800 35899 82 10 35900 35999 82 10 36000 36099 81 10 36100 36199 79 10 36200 36299 86 13 36300 36399 96 16 36400 36499 98 16 36500 36599 101 16 36600 36699 95 15 36700 36799 100 13 36800 36899 102 14 36900 36999 105 14 37000 37099 96 14 37100 37199 88 11 37200 37299 86 8 37300 37399 89 8 37400 37499 89 9 37500 37599 81 8 37600 37699 74 9 37700 37799 78 8 37800 37899 68 9 37900 37999 69 7 38000 38099 72 9 38100 38199 62 8 38200 38299 54 4 38300 38399 50 5 38400 38499 54 7 38500 38599 52 7 38600 38699 39 5 38700 38799 39 6 38800 38899 44 5 38900 38999 44 6 39000 39099 48 6 39100 39199 55 5 39200 39299 46 6 39300 39399 48 6 39400 39499 63 9 39500 39599 64 9 39600 39699 77 10 39700 39799 93 14 39800 39899 83 14 39900 39999 95 16 40000 40099 90 14 40100 40199 103 13 40200 40299 96 16 40300 40399 99 15 40400 40499 97 14 40500 40599 104 15 40600 40699 100 15 40700 40799 98 17 40800 40899 119 15 40900 40999 110 15 41000 41099 135 17 41100 41199 115 14 41200 41299 109 13 41300 41399 122 11 41400 41499 133 11 41500 41599 105 9 41600 41699 107 13 41700 41799 102 13 41800 41899 88 11 41900 41999 83 13 42000 42099 102 14 42100 42199 110 15 42200 42299 103 17 42300 42399 100 17 42400 42499 108 15 42500 42599 104 17 42600 42699 95 15 42700 42799 100 14 42800 42899 81 12 42900 42999 65 10 43000 43099 76 10 43100 43199 75 9 43200 43299 65 8 43300 43399 63 6 43400 43499 59 8 43500 43599 65 9 43600 43699 59 10 43700 43799 57 9 43800 43899 50 11 43900 43999 61 13 44000 44099 56 14 44100 44199 59 14 44200 44299 63 12 44300 44399 65 16 44400 44499 71 15 44500 44599 66 13 44600 44699 66 10 44700 44799 56 11 44800 44899 69 11 44900 44999 44 8 45000 45099 45 9 45100 45199 47 9 45200 45299 47 8 45300 45399 45 9 45400 45499 47 6 45500 45599 40 6 45600 45699 50 5 45700 45799 60 7 45800 45899 42 5 45900 45999 43 6 46000 46099 38 5 46100 46199 42 6 46200 46299 43 6 46300 46399 41 5 46400 46499 35 5 46500 46599 42 5 46600 46699 38 3 46700 46799 50 5 46800 46899 45 5 46900 46999 43 5 47000 47099 34 4 47100 47199 43 4 47200 47299 39 4 47300 47399 43 5 47400 47499 47 8 47500 47599 49 8 47600 47699 48 8 47700 47799 43 7 47800 47899 40 8 47900 47999 32 7 48000 48099 39 8 48100 48199 48 6 48200 48299 43 7 48300 48399 53 10 48400 48499 60 13 48500 48599 56 12 48600 48699 50 14 48700 48799 48 15 48800 48899 NaN 17 48900 48999 NaN 15 49000 49099 NaN 13 49100 49199 NaN 12 49200 49299 NaN 10 49300 49399 NaN 10 49400 49499 60 14 49500 49599 56 15 49600 49699 65 17 49700 49799 62 15 49800 49899 70 13 49900 49999 73 13 50000 50099 71 12 50100 50199 74 13 50200 50299 91 14 50300 50399 69 12 50400 50499 72 11 50500 50599 70 11 50600 50699 69 10 50700 50799 71 11 50800 50899 82 9 50900 50999 74 10 51000 51099 77 8 51100 51199 79 8 51200 51299 77 6 51300 51399 64 7 51400 51499 68 7 51500 51599 73 7 51600 51699 67 7 51700 51799 60 6 51800 51899 59 8 51900 51999 52 6 52000 52099 57 5 52100 52199 65 5 52200 52299 65 6 52300 52399 51 5 52400 52499 57 5 52500 52599 45 5 52600 52699 60 6 52700 52799 52 6 52800 52899 59 5 52900 52999 63 5 53000 53099 66 6 53100 53199 50 5 53200 53299 50 5 53300 53399 47 4 53400 53499 56 5 53500 53599 55 4 53600 53699 57 5 53700 53799 46 4 53800 53899 50 4 53900 53999 41 4 54000 54099 35 4 54100 54199 39 4