# South Pole Ice Core (SPICEcore) SP19 Age Model #----------------------------------------------------------------------- # World Data Service for Paleoclimatology, Boulder # and # NOAA Paleoclimatology Program # National Centers for Environmental Information (NCEI) #----------------------------------------------------------------------- # Template Version 3.0 # Encoding: UTF-8 # NOTE: Please cite Publication, and Online_Resource and date accessed when using these data. # If there is no publication information, please cite Investigators, Title, and Online_Resource and date accessed. # # Online_Resource: https://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/paleo/study/27690 # Description: NOAA Landing Page # Online_Resource: https://www1.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/icecore/antarctica/sp19tiepoints.txt # Description: NOAA location of the template # # Original_Source_URL: # Description: # # Description/Documentation lines begin with # # Data lines have no # # # Archive: Ice Core # # Dataset DOI: # # Parameter_Keywords: age control, chemistry, accumulation, nitrogen isotopes #-------------------- # Contribution_Date # Date: 2019-09-19 #-------------------- # File_Last_Modified_Date # Date: 2019-09-19 #-------------------- # Title # Study_Name: South Pole Ice Core (SPICEcore) SP19 Age Model #-------------------- # Investigators # Investigators: Winski, D.A.; Fudge, T.J.; Ferris, D.G.; Osterberg, E.C.; Fegyveresi, J.M.; Cole-Dai, J.; Thundercloud, Z.; Cox, T.S.; Kreutz, K.J.; Ortman, N.; Buizert, C.; Epifanio, J.; Brook, E.J.; Beaudette, R.; Severinghaus, J.; Sowers, T.; Steig, E.J.; Kahle, E.C.; Jones, T.R.; Morris, V.; Aydin, M.; Nicewonger, M.R.; Casey, K.A.; Alley, R.B.; Waddington, E.D.; Iverson, N.A.; Dunbar, N.W.; Bay, R.C.; Souney, J.M.; Sigl, M.; McConnell, J.R. #-------------------- # Description_Notes_and_Keywords # Description: The SP19 timescale: depth-age relationship and associated uncertainties for the South Pole Ice Core (SPICEcore), with supporting data. #-------------------- # Publication # Authors: Dominic A. Winski, Tyler J. Fudge, David G. Ferris, Erich C. Osterberg, John M. Fegyveresi, Jihong Cole-Dai, Zayta Thundercloud, Thomas S. Cox, Karl J. Kreutz, Nikolas Ortman, Christo Buizert, Jenna Epifanio, Edward J. Brook, Ross Beaudette, Jeffrey Severinghaus, Todd Sowers, Eric J. Steig, Emma C. Kahle, Tyler R. Jones, Valerie Morris, Murat Aydin, Melinda R. Nicewonger, Kimberly A. Casey, Richard B. Alley, Edwin D. Waddington, Nels A. Iverson, Nelia W. Dunbar, Ryan C. Bay, Joseph M. Souney, Michael Sigl, and Joseph R. McConnell # Published_Date_or_Year: 2019-10-08 # Published_Title: The SP19 Chronology for the South Pole Ice Core - Part 1: volcanic matching and annual layer counting # Journal_Name: Climate of the Past # Volume: 15 # Edition: # Issue: 5 # Pages: # Report_Number: # DOI: 10.5194/cp-15-1793-2019 # Online_Resource: https://www.clim-past.net/15/1793/2019/ # Full_Citation: # Abstract: The South Pole Ice Core (SPICEcore) was drilled in 2014-2016 to provide a detailed multi-proxy archive of paleoclimate conditions in East Antarctica during the Holocene and late Pleistocene. Interpretation of these records requires an accurate depth-age relationship. Here, we present the SPICEcore (SP19) timescale for the age of the ice of SPICEcore. SP19 is synchronized to the WD2014 chronology from the West Antarctic Ice Sheet Divide (WAIS Divide) ice core using stratigraphic matching of 251 volcanic events. These events indicate an age of 54302±519BP (years before 1950) at the bottom of SPICEcore. Annual layers identified in sodium and magnesium ions to 11341BP were used to interpolate between stratigraphic volcanic tie points, yielding an annually resolved chronology through the Holocene. Estimated timescale uncertainty during the Holocene is less than 18 years relative to WD2014, with the exception of the interval between 1800 to 3100 BP when uncertainty estimates reach ±25 years due to widely spaced volcanic tie points. Prior to the Holocene, uncertainties remain within 124 years relative to WD2014. Results show an average Holocene accumulation rate of 7.4cm yr-1 (water equivalent). The time variability of accumulation rate is consistent with expectations for steady-state ice flow through the modern spatial pattern of accumulation rate. Time variations in nitrate concentration, nitrate seasonal amplitude and d15N of N2 in turn are as expected for the accumulation rate variations. The highly variable yet well-constrained Holocene accumulation history at the site can help improve scientific understanding of deposition-sensitive climate proxies such as d15N of N2 and photolyzed chemical compounds. #------------------ # Funding_Agency # Funding_Agency_Name: US National Science Foundation # Grant: 1443105, 1141839 (Steig), 1443336 (Osterberg), 1443397 (Kreutz), 1443663 (Cole-Dai), 1443232 (Waddington, Fudge), 1142517, 1443470 (Aydin), 1443464 (Sowers), 1443710 (Severinghaus), 1542778 (Alley, Fegyveresi), 1443472, 1643722 (Brook), 1543454 (Dunbar) #------------------ # Site_Information # Site_Name: South Pole Ice Core (SPICEcore) # Location: Antarctica # Country: # Northernmost_Latitude: -89.99 # Southernmost_Latitude: -89.99 # Easternmost_Longitude: -99.16 # Westernmost_Longitude: -99.16 # Elevation: 2835 m #------------------ # Data_Collection # Collection_Name: SP19TiePoints # Earliest_Year: 54283 # Most_Recent_Year: -14 # Time_Unit: Cal. years BP # Core_Length: 1751 # Notes: Volcanic tie points used to link the SP19 chronology with the WD2014 chronology #------------------ # Chronology_Information # Chronology: Chronology is constrained by volcanic events linked with the WAIS-Divie ice core and annual layer counting of sodium and magnesium. # #---------------- # Variables # # Data variables follow are preceded by "##" in columns one and two. # Data line variables format: one per line, shortname-tab-variable components (what, material, error, units, seasonality, data type,detail, method, C or N for Character or Numeric data, free text) # ## depth_m depth, , , cm, , , , ,N, SPICEcore Depth ## ageWD2014 age, ice, , years, , ice core, WD2014 age model, ,N, years before 1950 CE # #---------------- # Data: # Data lines follow (have no #) # Data line format - tab-delimited text, variable short name as header # Missing Values: # depth_m ageWD2014 10.58 -14 23.58 67 33.21 135 33.99 141 48.04 256 58.76 355 72.56 491 83.65 606 89.27 664 90.24 674 90.87 681 91.9 692 94.65 720 99.75 779 105.21 841 140.73 1268 148.94 1375 151.6 1410 159.31 1516 176.6 1744 179.55 1780 228.18 2376 275.67 3123 289.61 3311 302.57 3500 306.72 3561 309.55 3605 313.84 3668 325.2 3830 328.3 3874 332.13 3925 336.64 3989 353.11 4223 357.4 4284 358.83 4307 362.09 4354 382.98 4667 395.58 4860 402.65 4966 409.8 5070 411.85 5098 438.18 5468 447.6 5600 448.75 5617 474.5 5977 485.43 6126 488.35 6165 497.1 6283 499.3 6312 500.3 6327 511.66 6481 516.3 6544 516.97 6553 524.24 6654 524.91 6662 557.44 7177 581.41 7572 594.4 7794 598.82 7871 615.41 8178 618.34 8229 623.65 8321 625.98 8363 641.66 8613 663 8942 670.46 9065 687.38 9354 705.67 9682 707.95 9726 711.47 9790 713.8 9837 726.64 10081 728.41 10116 735.1 10237 739.91 10324 741.94 10360 743.51 10388 744.36 10402 746.02 10432 776.28 10957 784.17 11099 786.07 11131 787.61 11159 787.95 11166 788.38 11174 798.07 11343 798.56 11351 799.43 11365 803.43 11439 803.77 11445 836.78 12064 840.33 12137 840.73 12145 850.11 12342 870.61 12848 872.02 12884 873.18 12917 874.45 12949 881.43 13136 890.67 13381 895.25 13510 899.19 13618 902.32 13707 904.55 13772 925.24 14356 933.87 14583 939.54 14734 940.18 14751 941.29 14780 941.68 14793 943.96 14850 945.33 14885 945.99 14903 947.99 14954 951.83 15050 953.45 15093 956.07 15163 957.03 15185 965.42 15418 984.04 15951 984.64 15971 986.15 16019 990.86 16165 992.85 16236 996.42 16355 997.85 16407 1010.9 16872 1071.39 19348 1074.66 19484 1075.76 19535 1085.63 19947 1093.08 20241 1093.59 20258 1094.2 20281 1096.99 20392 1101.84 20586 1109.38 20866 1111.83 20990 1114.08 21087 1118.11 21270 1123.56 21533 1129.78 21837 1134.6 22082 1141.25 22441 1142.46 22503 1147.33 22767 1161.05 23497 1161.87 23545 1166.1 23775 1168.49 23913 1169.85 23986 1178.8 24552 1182.52 24792 1188.48 25159 1189.01 25193 1191.19 25317 1196.1 25622 1201.56 25966 1202.1 25997 1204.74 26166 1205.61 26219 1206.91 26295 1219.21 27083 1230.65 27790 1232.82 27916 1237.81 28217 1239.88 28337 1241.27 28420 1242.25 28485 1244.72 28634 1250.79 28979 1264.45 29673 1274.81 30207 1279.48 30461 1301.06 31579 1306.16 31929 1309.97 32209 1314.31 32506 1314.93 32548 1317.64 32724 1318.85 32794 1328.06 33282 1328.71 33314 1329.05 33328 1330.09 33380 1330.23 33388 1349.23 34383 1352.58 34565 1356.49 34764 1357.86 34832 1359.81 34924 1360.17 34942 1362.07 35029 1368.63 35313 1377.87 35709 1382.12 35883 1383.29 35931 1385.35 36015 1385.95 36044 1386.48 36063 1389.94 36205 1394.66 36400 1403.67 36768 1407.45 36931 1413.69 37196 1417.68 37370 1418.01 37385 1419.69 37459 1420.92 37512 1432.87 38051 1435.65 38174 1436.11 38194 1436.92 38230 1439.28 38333 1453.59 38936 1470.33 39589 1471.14 39624 1479.4 39966 1480.59 40022 1485.58 40253 1489.06 40426 1508.88 41295 1512.17 41421 1514.56 41512 1528.74 42057 1532.18 42200 1534.07 42280 1543.36 42697 1545.51 42797 1549.24 42973 1551.39 43074 1555.25 43259 1560.13 43498 1560.68 43525 1586.63 44888 1590.81 45146 1598.79 45624 1606.42 46060 1608.6 46179 1619.89 46792 1627.26 47173 1637.12 47658 1637.44 47675 1664.78 49171 1681.98 50229 1698.38 51077 1701.02 51227 1714.36 51971 1716.25 52064 1719.07 52215 1750.61 54283