# Elbrus Ice Core, Caucasus Accumulation Rate Data from 1750-2009 CE #----------------------------------------------------------------------- # World Data Service for Paleoclimatology, Boulder # and # NOAA Paleoclimatology Program #----------------------------------------------------------------------- # Template Version 4.0 # Encoding: UTF-8 # NOTE: Please cite original publication, NOAA Landing Page URL, dataset and publication DOIs (where available), and date accessed when using downloaded data. # If there is no publication information, please cite investigator, study title, NOAA Landing Page URL, and date accessed. # # Description/Documentation lines begin with '#' followed by a space # Data lines have no '#' # # NOAA_Landing_Page: https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/access/paleo-search/study/38761 # Landing_Page_Description: NOAA Landing Page of this file's parent study, which includes all study metadata. # # Study_Level_JSON_Metadata: https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/pub/data/metadata/published/paleo/json/noaa-icecore-38761.json # Study_Level_JSON_Description: JSON metadata of this data file's parent study, which includes all study metadata. # # Data_Type: Ice Cores # # Dataset_DOI: 10.25921/m87c-5z69 # # Science_Keywords: Precipitation Reconstruction #--------------------------------------- # Resource_Links # # Data_Download_Resource: https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/icecore/europe/mikhalenko2023/mikhalenko2023-elbrus_wp_2009.txt # Data_Download_Description: NOAA Template File; Elbrus_WP_2009 Data # #--------------------------------------- # Contribution_Date # Date: 2023-11-20 #--------------------------------------- # File_Last_Modified_Date # Date: 2024-12-19 #--------------------------------------- # Title # Study_Name: Elbrus Ice Core, Caucasus Accumulation Rate Data from 1750-2009 CE #--------------------------------------- # Investigators # Investigators: Mikhalenko, Vladimir (https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6097-9861); Kutuzov, Stanislav (https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2007-0922); Toropov, Pavel (https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0922-1486); Legrand, Michel; Sokratov, Sergey; Chernyakov, Gleb; Lavrentiev, Ivan; Preunkert, Susanne; Kozachek, Anna; Vorobiev, Mstislav; Khairedinova, Aleksandra; Lipenkov, Vladimir #--------------------------------------- # Description_Notes_and_Keywords # Description: #--------------------------------------- # Publication # Authors: Mikhalenko, V., Kutuzov, S., Toropov, P., Legrand, M., Sokratov, S., Chernyakov, G., Lavrentiev, I., Preunkert, S., Kozachek, A., Vorobiev, M., Khairedinova, A., and Lipenkov, V. # Published_Date_or_Year: 2024 # Published_Title: Accumulation rates over the past 260 years archived in Elbrus ice core, Caucasus # Journal_Name: Climate of the Past # Volume: 20 # Edition: # Issue: # Pages: 237–255 # Report_Number: # DOI: 10.5194/cp-20-237-2024 # Online_Resource: # Full_Citation: # Abstract: In this study, we present a seasonally resolved accumulation record spanning from 1750 to 2009 Common Era (CE), based on a 181.8 m ice core obtained from the Elbrus Western Plateau in the Caucasus. We implemented various methods to account for uncertainties associated with glacier flow, layer thinning, and dating. Additionally, we applied a novel approach to calculate a seasonal calendar for meteorological data, enabling comparison with ice core records. The reconstructed accumulation data were compared with available meteorological data, gridded precipitation records, and paleo-reanalysis data. Reconstructed accumulation is representative for a large region south of the Eastern European plain and Black Sea region with summer precipitation being the primary driver of precipitation variability. We identified a statistically significant relationship between changes in regional precipitation and fluctuations in the North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO) index, which is, however, not stable over the entire period covered by the ice core. #--------------------------------------- # Funding_Agency # Funding_Agency_Name: Megagrant project # Grant: 075-15-2021-599, 08.06.2021 #--------------------------------------- # Funding_Agency # Funding_Agency_Name: Russian Science Foundation # Grant: 17-17-01270 #--------------------------------------- # Site_Information # Site_Name: Elbrus Western Plateau # Location: Russia # Northernmost_Latitude: 43.347885 # Southernmost_Latitude: 43.347885 # Easternmost_Longitude: 42.42803 # Westernmost_Longitude: 42.42803 # Elevation_m: 5115 #--------------------------------------- # Data_Collection # Collection_Name: Elbrus_WP_2009 # First_Year: 1750 # Last_Year: 2009 # Time_Unit: year Common Era # Core_Length_m: 144.03 # Parameter_Keywords: accumulation # Notes: #--------------------------------------- # Chronology_Information # Chronology: # annual layer counting # year Depth_m # 2009.5 0 # 1999.5 16.3 # 1989.5 30.6 # 1979.5 41.7 # 1969.5 50.6 # 1959.5 59.8 # 1949.5 67.4 # 1939.5 75.3 # 1929.5 82.3 # 1919.5 90.5 # 1909.5 98.8 # 1899.5 104.9 # 1889.5 110.9 # 1879.5 115.3 # 1869.5 120 # 1859.5 122.8 # 1849.5 125 # 1839.5 126.8 # 1829.5 128.7 # 1819.5 130.4 # 1809.5 133 # 1799.5 134.9 # 1789.5 136.9 # 1779.5 138.8 # 1769.5 140.5 # 1759.5 142.4 # 1750.5 144 # #--------------------------------------- # Variables # PaST_Thesaurus_Download_Resource: https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/access/paleo-search/skos/past-thesaurus.rdf # PaST_Thesaurus_Download_Description: Paleoenvironmental Standard Terms (PaST) Thesaurus terms, definitions, and relationships in SKOS format. # # Data variables follow that are preceded by "##" in columns one and two. # Variables list, one per line, shortname-tab-var components: what, material, error, units, seasonality, data type, detail, method, C or N for Character or Numeric data) # ## age_CE ice age,,,year common era,,Ice Cores,,,N, ## Annual Accumulation rate,bulk ice,,meter,Apr-Mar,Ice Cores,,,N,meters of water equivalent ## Warm_period Accumulation rate,bulk ice,,meter,Apr-Sep,Ice Cores,,,N,meters of water equivalent ## Cold_period Accumulation rate,bulk ice,,meter,Oct-Mar,Ice Cores,,,N,meters of water equivalent #------------------------ # Data: # Data lines follow (have no #) # Data line format - tab-delimited text, variable short name as header # Missing_Values: age_CE Annual Warm_period Cold_period 2009 1.07 0.62 0.45 2008 1.66 0.82 0.84 2007 1.37 0.8 0.57 2006 1.68 0.56 1.12 2005 2.11 0.8 1.31 2004 2.06 1.16 0.9 2003 1.38 0.83 0.56 2002 2.43 1.58 0.85 2001 0.8 0.67 0.13 2000 0.99 0.61 0.38 1999 1.09 0.7 0.4 1998 2.57 1.31 1.25 1997 2.13 1.44 0.68 1996 1.88 1.55 0.34 1995 1.37 1.08 0.29 1994 0.91 0.71 0.2 1993 1.33 0.66 0.68 1992 1.24 0.87 0.37 1991 1.05 0.82 0.23 1990 1.26 0.93 0.33 1989 1.23 1.05 0.18 1988 1.24 0.77 0.47 1987 1.49 0.96 0.53 1986 1.32 1.09 0.23 1985 1.35 1.02 0.33 1984 1.33 1.04 0.28 1983 0.94 0.86 0.08 1982 1.26 0.93 0.34 1981 1.01 0.71 0.29 1980 1.49 1.18 0.31 1979 1.18 0.83 0.34 1978 1.21 0.8 0.4 1977 1.13 0.83 0.31 1976 0.72 0.65 0.08 1975 0.9 0.84 0.06 1974 0.82 0.75 0.06 1973 1.25 0.73 0.52 1972 0.83 0.46 0.37 1971 1.39 0.44 0.96 1970 1.52 0.82 0.69 1969 1.09 0.58 0.51 1968 1.58 0.63 0.96 1967 0.88 0.54 0.34 1966 1.36 0.42 0.94 1965 1.34 0.6 0.74 1964 1.03 0.59 0.44 1963 1.44 0.28 1.16 1962 1.36 0.77 0.59 1961 1.05 0.82 0.22 1960 1.21 0.66 0.55 1959 1.07 0.77 0.3 1958 1.48 0.54 0.94 1957 1.06 0.48 0.58 1956 1.48 0.79 0.69 1955 1.17 0.91 0.26 1954 1.16 0.49 0.67 1953 1.17 0.68 0.49 1952 0.6 0.55 0.06 1951 0.78 0.28 0.51 1950 0.97 0.62 0.35 1949 1.01 0.74 0.28 1948 1.11 0.66 0.45 1947 0.97 0.45 0.52 1946 1.61 1.06 0.55 1945 1.21 0.46 0.76 1944 0.84 0.67 0.18 1943 1.57 0.77 0.81 1942 1.1 0.58 0.52 1941 1.22 0.7 0.52 1940 1.88 0.88 1.01 1939 1.47 0.8 0.66 1938 1.46 1.07 0.39 1937 1.52 0.72 0.8 1936 1.46 0.76 0.7 1935 0.81 0.58 0.23 1934 1.12 0.77 0.35 1933 0.66 0.36 0.3 1932 1.18 1.12 0.06 1931 0.73 0.67 0.06 1930 1.63 1.35 0.28 1929 1.39 1.27 0.13 1928 1.96 1.65 0.31 1927 1.25 0.93 0.32 1926 2.61 1.82 0.79 1925 1.33 0.69 0.65 1924 0.66 0.39 0.26 1923 2.14 1.57 0.58 1922 1.53 1.14 0.39 1921 1.02 0.76 0.26 1920 1.14 0.53 0.61 1919 1.63 1.3 0.34 1918 0.92 0.78 0.14 1917 0.82 0.75 0.07 1916 2.55 2.15 0.4 1915 1.74 1.43 0.3 1914 2.19 1.75 0.43 1913 1.49 0.65 0.84 1912 1.07 0.79 0.28 1911 2.02 1.2 0.81 1910 2.34 1.33 1.01 1909 1.51 1.29 0.22 1908 1.57 1.35 0.22 1907 2.05 1.48 0.58 1906 1.13 0.33 0.8 1905 1.23 0.75 0.47 1904 1.12 0.86 0.26 1903 0.86 0.65 0.21 1902 1.87 1.19 0.67 1901 1.27 1.2 0.07 1900 0.71 0.57 0.14 1899 1.4 0.79 0.6 1898 1.59 1.46 0.13 1897 0.72 0.39 0.33 1896 0.97 0.83 0.14 1895 0.92 0.87 0.05 1894 2.2 2.01 0.19 1893 1.16 1.02 0.15 1892 1.48 1.4 0.07 1891 1.72 1.37 0.35 1890 2.09 2 0.08 1889 0.66 0.41 0.25 1888 1.06 0.68 0.38 1887 1.78 1.15 0.63 1886 1.41 0.45 0.95 1885 1.41 0.3 1.1 1884 0.44 0.37 0.07 1883 0.61 0.53 0.08 1882 1.82 0.85 0.97 1881 0.57 0.19 0.38 1880 1.6 1.44 0.16 1879 1.43 0.73 0.7 1878 0.89 0.81 0.08 1877 1.03 0.33 0.7 1876 1.82 0.35 1.46 1875 0.43 0.35 0.08 1874 0.43 0.32 0.11 1873 1.54 0.92 0.62 1872 1.98 1.87 0.11 1871 1.64 1.32 0.32 1870 1.67 0.98 0.68 1869 1.31 1.04 0.27 1868 0.68 0.42 0.26 1867 0.66 0.57 0.09 1866 0.54 0.27 0.27 1865 0.54 0.45 0.09 1864 0.54 0.45 0.09 1863 0.81 0.53 0.28 1862 1.71 1.24 0.47 1861 1.15 0.69 0.45 1860 0.74 0.46 0.27 1859 0.62 0.15 0.46 1858 0.74 0.56 0.18 1857 1 0.62 0.38 1856 1.23 1.02 0.21 1855 0.26 0.2 0.06 1854 0.78 0.72 0.06 1853 0.96 0.82 0.14 1852 0.36 0.29 0.07 1851 0.56 0.49 0.07 1850 0.49 0.35 0.14 1849 0.5 0.44 0.07 1848 0.55 0.48 0.07 1847 0.4 0.2 0.2 1846 0.9 0.69 0.21 1845 0.67 0.6 0.07 1844 0.69 0.61 0.07 1843 0.53 0.46 0.07 1842 0.64 0.54 0.1 1841 0.64 0.43 0.21 1840 1 0.78 0.22 1839 0.68 0.45 0.23 1838 0.9 0.45 0.45 1837 0.44 0.33 0.11 1836 0.88 0.54 0.33 1835 0.34 0.11 0.22 1834 0.8 0.68 0.11 1833 0.84 0.73 0.11 1832 0.58 0.46 0.12 1831 0.73 0.58 0.15 1830 0.86 0.78 0.08 1829 0.55 0.48 0.08 1828 1.09 0.8 0.28 1827 0.32 0.16 0.16 1826 0.84 0.16 0.68 1825 0.87 0.79 0.08 1824 1.03 0.69 0.34 1823 0.78 0.69 0.09 1822 0.86 0.26 0.6 1821 0.53 0.44 0.09 1820 0.27 0.18 0.09 1819 1.02 0.54 0.48 1818 0.92 0.37 0.56 1817 1.07 0.74 0.33 1816 1.4 0.71 0.69 1815 1.34 0.7 0.64 1814 0.54 0.35 0.18 1813 1.95 0.81 1.14 1812 0.84 0.56 0.28 1811 1.11 0.92 0.19 1810 1.26 0.61 0.65 1809 0.84 0.47 0.37 1808 0.55 0.46 0.09 1807 0.55 0.46 0.09 1806 1.57 1.48 0.09 1805 0.56 0.46 0.09 1804 0.94 0.38 0.56 1803 1.07 0.92 0.15 1802 1.27 1.12 0.15 1801 1.37 0.76 0.61 1800 0.36 0.21 0.15 1799 0.83 0.68 0.15 1798 0.62 0.46 0.16 1797 0.47 0.31 0.15 1796 0.94 0.78 0.16 1795 0.94 0.79 0.15 1794 1.12 0.96 0.16 1793 2.14 1.82 0.32 1792 1.71 0.97 0.75 1791 1.15 1.04 0.11 1790 1.02 0.86 0.16 1789 0.9 0.8 0.1 1788 1.23 1.12 0.11 1787 0.94 0.84 0.1 1786 1.23 1.12 0.11 1785 0.44 0.33 0.11 1784 0.72 0.61 0.11 1783 1.31 0.87 0.44 1782 1.53 1.42 0.11 1781 0.77 0.55 0.22 1780 1.21 1.1 0.11 1779 1.13 1.02 0.12 1778 0.76 0.58 0.18 1777 0.47 0.35 0.12 1776 2.06 1.94 0.12 1775 1.34 1.22 0.12 1774 0.99 0.88 0.11 1773 0.61 0.5 0.11 1772 1.25 1.14 0.12 1771 1.09 0.97 0.12 1770 0.99 0.75 0.24 1769 0.93 0.67 0.25 1768 1.37 0.3 1.07 1767 0.79 0.66 0.13 1766 1.82 1.69 0.14 1765 1.84 1.71 0.14 1764 0.55 0.41 0.14 1763 1.43 1.3 0.13 1762 1.41 1.14 0.27 1761 0.94 0.53 0.41 1760 1.07 0.94 0.13 1759 1.02 0.89 0.13 1758 0.95 0.82 0.13 1757 1.1 0.98 0.12 1756 0.63 0.5 0.13 1755 2.22 1.96 0.26 1754 1.97 1.83 0.13 1753 0.79 0.65 0.13 1752 2.1 1.97 0.13 1751 0.94 0.67 0.27 1750 1.92 1.66 0.27