Central Greenland Ice Core Net Snow Accumulation Data ----------------------------------------------------------------------- World Data Center for Paleoclimatology, Boulder and NOAA Paleoclimatology Program ----------------------------------------------------------------------- NOTE: PLEASE CITE ORIGINAL REFERENCE WHEN USING THIS DATA!!!!! NAME OF DATA SET: Central Greenland Ice Core Net Snow Accumulation Data LAST UPDATE: 5/2015 Latitude of Katie core corrected, from 78.6N to 72.6N. (Original receipt by WDC Paleo 4/2008) CONTRIBUTORS: Joseph R. McConnell, J. Ryan Banta IGBP PAGES/WDCA CONTRIBUTION SERIES NUMBER: 2008-044 WDC PALEO CONTRIBUTION SERIES CITATION: Banta, J.R. and J.R. McConnell. 2008. Central Greenland Ice Core Net Snow Accumulation Data. IGBP PAGES/World Data Center for Paleoclimatology Data Contribution Series # 2008-044. NOAA/NCDC Paleoclimatology Program, Boulder CO, USA. ORIGINAL REFERENCES: Banta, J.R. and J.R. McConnell. 2007. Annual accumulation over recent centuries at four sites in central Greenland. Journal of Geophysical Research, 112(D10114), DOI 10.1029/2006JD007887. Hanna, E., J. McConnell, S. Das, J. Cappelen, and A. Stephens. 2006. Observed and modelled Greenland Ice Sheet snow accumulation, 1958-2003, and links with regional climate forcing. Journal of Climate, 19, 344-358. McConnell, J.R., R. Edwards, G.L. Kok, M.G. Flanner, C.S. Zender, E.S. Saltzman, J.R. Banta, D.R. Pasteris, M.M. Carter, and J.D.W. Kahl. 2007. 20th Century Industrial Black Carbon Emissions Altered Arctic Climate Forcing. Science, August 9, 2007, DOI: 10.1126/science.1144856. Hawley, R.L., E.M. Morris, and J.R. McConnell. 2008. Rapid techniques for determining annual accumulation applied at Summit, Greenland. Journal of Glaciology, Resubmitted 0408. ABSTRACT (Banta and McConnell 2007): Accurate accumulation records are fundamental to understanding mass balance of the Greenland ice sheet. Ice cores can provide multicentury, high-resolution ground-based point estimates of water accumulation. In 2003 and 2004, four new ice cores were collected in the central western (D4 and D5) and Summit (Sandy and Katie) regions of Greenland. Annual layer counting based on multiple glaciochemical parameters (primarily hydrogen peroxide, sea salt, and dust proxies) was used to date the ice cores, resulting in annual dating. The bottom depth ages for D4, D5, Sandy, and Katie were estimated at 1738, 1673, 1844, and 1934 A.D., with mean annual accumulation rates of 41.4, 35.2, 22.4, and 22.4 cmweq yr-1, respectively. These new records were in good agreement with previous accumulation maps and four previously published records from nearby multicentury ice cores. Spatial variability was quantified through an analysis of variance, thereby allowing for more meaningful comparisons to atmospheric processes. More regionally representative accumulation records were constructed for the central western and Summit regions spanning recent centuries using a principle component analysis of both the new and previously reported ice core measurements. These regional records exhibited 6-7% interannual variability (1 standard deviation of the mean) and had lower spatial variability uncertainties than individual accumulation records. Correlations indicate that ~20% of the variance in the central western region was explained by the North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO), and suggests that an array of more northern ice cores may correlate more closely with NAO. GEOGRAPHIC REGION: Central Greenland PERIOD OF RECORD: 1673 - 2002 AD FUNDING SOURCE: US National Science Foundation, Arctic Sciences Division, and NASA, grants 0221515, 0352511, NAG5-10264, and NSF Major Research Instrumentation grants 0216552 and 0421412. DESCRIPTION: Net Annual Snow Accumulation in Kg m-2 y- from ice cores at four sites in central Greenland. Core Locations: D4 Core: 71.4N, 43.9W, elev. 2730m. D5 Core: 68.5N, 42.9W, elev. 2468m. Katie Core: 72.6N, 38.5W, elev. 3208m. Sandy Core: 72.6N, 38.3W, elev. 3208m. DATA: 1. D4 Net Snow Accumulation, kg m-2 y-1 CalYear D4 Net Snow Accumulation 2002 363 2001 381 2000 390 1999 435 1998 436 1997 548 1996 499 1995 389 1994 412 1993 353 1992 377 1991 530 1990 436 1989 262 1988 333 1987 677 1986 403 1985 412 1984 392 1983 471 1982 294 1981 412 1980 324 1979 401 1978 427 1977 471 1976 495 1975 469 1974 339 1973 390 1972 373 1971 413 1970 390 1969 370 1968 507 1967 448 1966 299 1965 456 1964 533 1963 393 1962 420 1961 365 1960 389 1959 447 1958 389 1957 436 1956 389 1955 455 1954 447 1953 471 1952 454 1951 402 1950 356 1949 377 1948 447 1947 389 1946 483 1945 494 1944 502 1943 330 1942 530 1941 424 1940 489 1939 442 1938 423 1937 365 1936 389 1935 377 1934 448 1933 341 1932 692 1931 375 1930 447 1929 427 1928 468 1927 365 1926 311 1925 478 1924 298 1923 338 1922 388 1921 353 1920 405 1919 415 1918 338 1917 443 1916 565 1915 479 1914 377 1913 339 1912 402 1911 530 1910 424 1909 353 1908 422 1907 469 1906 358 1905 431 1904 283 1903 389 1902 530 1901 553 1900 318 1899 447 1898 424 1897 353 1896 396 1895 506 1894 412 1893 447 1892 459 1891 518 1890 306 1889 565 1888 518 1887 483 1886 389 1885 389 1884 302 1883 436 1882 258 1881 449 1880 410 1879 474 1878 529 1877 388 1876 424 1875 457 1874 403 1873 422 1872 481 1871 352 1870 440 1869 396 1868 436 1867 271 1866 459 1865 294 1864 436 1863 448 1862 353 1861 436 1860 411 1859 421 1858 318 1857 448 1856 477 1855 497 1854 496 1853 388 1852 512 1851 371 1850 436 1849 483 1848 349 1847 436 1846 331 1845 399 1844 412 1843 382 1842 313 1841 363 1840 334 1839 327 1838 518 1837 518 1836 271 1835 373 1834 506 1833 506 1832 389 1831 377 1830 271 1829 436 1828 447 1827 424 1826 483 1825 330 1824 447 1823 314 1822 424 1821 518 1820 412 1819 365 1818 353 1817 353 1816 400 1815 436 1814 353 1813 365 1812 471 1811 399 1810 374 1809 400 1808 542 1807 542 1806 330 1805 412 1804 471 1803 424 1802 400 1801 447 1800 459 1799 420 1798 268 1797 417 1796 431 1795 373 1794 478 1793 287 1792 467 1791 424 1790 342 1789 337 1788 421 1787 408 1786 454 1785 557 1784 443 1783 462 1782 314 1781 450 1780 365 1779 342 1778 282 1777 353 1776 400 1775 553 1774 396 1773 365 1772 330 1771 436 1770 495 1769 412 1768 353 1767 365 1766 353 1765 471 1764 424 1763 432 1762 357 1761 354 1760 466 1759 399 1758 451 1757 403 1756 354 1755 368 1754 344 1753 235 1752 330 1751 436 1750 459 1749 354 1748 348 1747 401 1746 427 1745 515 1744 400 1743 471 1742 412 1741 553 1740 566 1739 482 1738 330 2. D5 Net Snow Accumulation, kg m-2 y-1 CalYear D5 Net Snow Accumulation 2002 408 2001 320 2000 495 1999 417 1998 379 1997 417 1996 563 1995 291 1994 320 1993 301 1992 359 1991 476 1990 322 1989 359 1988 349 1987 398 1986 514 1985 340 1984 427 1983 505 1982 359 1981 349 1980 329 1979 301 1978 378 1977 330 1976 466 1975 485 1974 204 1973 398 1972 310 1971 390 1970 408 1969 314 1968 394 1967 486 1966 373 1965 326 1964 466 1963 362 1962 320 1961 381 1960 285 1959 440 1958 270 1957 439 1956 450 1955 417 1954 408 1953 446 1952 534 1951 320 1950 337 1949 333 1948 388 1947 340 1946 436 1945 388 1944 446 1943 359 1942 408 1941 310 1940 495 1939 434 1938 372 1937 390 1936 408 1935 346 1934 288 1933 474 1932 380 1931 479 1930 301 1929 355 1928 301 1927 405 1926 207 1925 516 1924 252 1923 390 1922 316 1921 349 1920 363 1919 364 1918 320 1917 399 1916 505 1915 372 1914 310 1913 297 1912 362 1911 456 1910 389 1909 363 1908 381 1907 266 1906 381 1905 399 1904 292 1903 213 1902 420 1901 367 1900 373 1899 356 1898 408 1897 390 1896 355 1895 355 1894 364 1893 489 1892 275 1891 514 1890 239 1889 488 1888 461 1887 399 1886 355 1885 363 1884 263 1883 319 1882 301 1881 248 1880 405 1879 420 1878 461 1877 328 1876 257 1875 368 1874 294 1873 372 1872 446 1871 263 1870 310 1869 346 1868 426 1867 248 1866 290 1865 258 1864 353 1863 479 1862 214 1861 257 1860 408 1859 363 1858 248 1857 364 1856 372 1855 378 1854 514 1853 248 1852 381 1851 346 1850 266 1849 434 1848 355 1847 363 1846 347 1845 284 1844 372 1843 293 1842 275 1841 346 1840 372 1839 310 1838 381 1837 284 1836 218 1835 275 1834 417 1833 310 1832 337 1831 311 1830 427 1829 373 1828 303 1827 221 1826 470 1825 415 1824 287 1823 284 1822 366 1821 343 1820 321 1819 373 1818 279 1817 357 1816 344 1815 324 1814 286 1813 274 1812 256 1811 368 1810 225 1809 505 1808 389 1807 478 1806 258 1805 419 1804 273 1803 461 1802 319 1801 372 1800 422 1799 381 1798 257 1797 346 1796 523 1795 274 1794 267 1793 263 1792 290 1791 367 1790 216 1789 335 1788 293 1787 301 1786 346 1785 304 1784 405 1783 408 1782 230 1781 343 1780 401 1779 301 1778 301 1777 258 1776 221 1775 389 1774 426 1773 245 1772 275 1771 390 1770 421 1769 297 1768 275 1767 325 1766 268 1765 232 1764 431 1763 291 1762 210 1761 361 1760 339 1759 417 1758 336 1757 291 1756 367 1755 332 1754 324 1753 317 1752 185 1751 316 1750 348 1749 346 1748 399 1747 470 1746 260 1745 318 1744 367 1743 425 1742 419 1741 355 1740 481 1739 227 1738 396 1737 285 1736 315 1735 314 1734 280 1733 376 1732 346 1731 479 1730 159 1729 249 1728 326 1727 321 1726 319 1725 381 1724 310 1723 367 1722 337 1721 326 1720 312 1719 437 1718 297 1717 425 1716 317 1715 384 1714 399 1713 292 1712 529 1711 393 1710 257 1709 363 1708 309 1707 332 1706 232 1705 227 1704 315 1703 296 1702 391 1701 306 1700 396 1699 326 1698 239 1697 438 1696 280 1695 296 1694 257 1693 451 1692 390 1691 419 1690 454 1689 367 1688 279 1687 210 1686 364 1685 407 1684 321 1683 308 1682 400 1681 257 1680 346 1679 194 1678 454 1677 267 1676 396 1675 289 1674 398 1673 477 3. Katie Net Snow Accumulation, kg m-2 y-1 CalYear Katie Net Snow Accumulation 2002 259 2001 171 2000 200 1999 241 1998 224 1997 277 1996 294 1995 212 1994 271 1993 141 1992 230 1991 266 1990 230 1989 200 1988 224 1987 241 1986 154 1985 264 1984 247 1983 247 1982 194 1981 201 1980 200 1979 241 1978 206 1977 212 1976 247 1975 224 1974 247 1973 159 1972 235 1971 240 1970 153 1969 218 1968 182 1967 277 1966 212 1965 82 1964 365 1963 200 1962 255 1961 153 1960 153 1959 359 1958 206 1957 235 1956 218 1955 206 1954 281 1953 253 1952 265 1951 118 1950 271 1949 118 1948 253 1947 247 1946 290 1945 306 1944 177 1943 141 1942 336 1941 218 1940 265 1939 183 1938 263 1937 200 1936 183 1935 182 1934 241 4. Sandy Net Snow Accumulation, kg m-2 y-1 CalYear Sandy Net Snow Accumulation 2002 214 2001 223 2000 262 1999 252 1998 165 1997 206 1996 373 1995 276 1994 204 1993 243 1992 272 1991 252 1990 243 1989 175 1988 213 1987 204 1986 254 1985 223 1984 282 1983 272 1982 204 1981 204 1980 223 1979 175 1978 252 1977 243 1976 233 1975 291 1974 184 1973 204 1972 223 1971 225 1970 180 1969 245 1968 221 1967 306 1966 154 1965 178 1964 224 1963 225 1962 237 1961 195 1960 194 1959 271 1958 239 1957 233 1956 227 1955 210 1954 262 1953 291 1952 260 1951 157 1950 134 1949 134 1948 272 1947 326 1946 304 1945 280 1944 210 1943 234 1942 197 1941 246 1940 230 1939 270 1938 280 1937 233 1936 227 1935 179 1934 253 1933 231 1932 280 1931 221 1930 175 1929 210 1928 326 1927 250 1926 125 1925 244 1924 140 1923 153 1922 268 1921 175 1920 239 1919 244 1918 151 1917 216 1916 279 1915 215 1914 124 1913 287 1912 217 1911 163 1910 368 1909 291 1908 186 1907 198 1906 175 1905 268 1904 204 1903 146 1902 262 1901 250 1900 204 1899 221 1898 250 1897 247 1896 256 1895 262 1894 192 1893 250 1892 208 1891 264 1890 217 1889 260 1888 253 1887 288 1886 208 1885 211 1884 210 1883 202 1882 250 1881 162 1880 246 1879 262 1878 215 1877 261 1876 204 1875 195 1874 218 1873 215 1872 245 1871 245 1870 256 1869 211 1868 256 1867 169 1866 210 1865 186 1864 256 1863 239 1862 245 1861 198 1860 256 1859 180 1858 248 1857 221 1856 210 1855 233 1854 256 1853 181 1852 309 1851 227 1850 256 1849 181 1848 262 1847 268 1846 186 1845 192 1844 181 1843 233 1842 186 1841 157 1840 175 1839 262 1838 221 1837 237 1836 215 1835 157 1834 239 1833 215 1832 274 1831 268 1830 180 1829 198 1828 250 1827 216 1826 257 1825 216 1824 258 1823 173 1822 175 1821 238 1820 239 1819 204 1818 215 1817 194 1816 195 1815 181 1814 230 1813 219 1812 220 1811 246 1810 197 1809 272 1808 144 1807 272 1806 218 1805 263 1804 214 1803 257 1802 188 1801 238 1800 245 1799 221 1798 186 1797 193 1796 237 1795 248 1794 247 1793 252 1792 202 1791 168 1790 186 1789 142 1788 202 1787 250 1786 233 1785 236 1784 279 1783 239 1782 180 1781 246 1780 220 1779 186 1778 208 1777 206 1776 186 1775 256 1774 281 1773 226 1772 206 1771 213 1770 234 1769 275 1768 151 1767 227 1766 221 1765 243 1764 173 1763 178 1762 205 1761 199 1760 264 1759 368 1758 191 1757 206 1756 155 1755 167 1754 144 1753 264