# Greenland Ice Cores 500 Year Methanesulfonic Acid Data #----------------------------------------------------------------------- # World Data Service for Paleoclimatology, Boulder # and # NOAA Paleoclimatology Program # National Centers for Environmental Information (NCEI) #----------------------------------------------------------------------- # Template Version 3.0 # Encoding: UTF-8 # NOTE: Please cite Publication, and Online_Resource and date accessed when using these data. # If there is no publication information, please cite Investigators, Title, and Online_Resource and date accessed. # # Online_Resource: https://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/paleo/study/26691 # Description: NOAA Landing Page # Online_Resource: https://www1.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/icecore/greenland/osman2019/osman2019ngt-b21msa.txt # Description: NOAA location of the template # # Original_Source_URL: # Description: # # Description/Documentation lines begin with # # Data lines have no # # # Archive: Ice Cores # # Dataset DOI: # # Parameter_Keywords: chemistry #--------------------------------------- # Contribution_Date # Date: 2019-05-06 #--------------------------------------- # File_Last_Modified_Date # Date: 2019-05-06 #--------------------------------------- # Title # Study_Name: Greenland Ice Cores 500 Year Methanesulfonic Acid Data #--------------------------------------- # Investigators # Investigators: Osman, M.B.; Das, S.B.; Trusel, L.D.; Evans, M.J.; Fischer, H.; Grieman, M.M.; Kipfstuhl, S.; McConnell, J.R.; Saltzman, E.S. #--------------------------------------- # Description_Notes_and_Keywords # Description: Previously-unpublished raw (i.e., unsmoothed, unaveraged) methanesulfonic acid ice core measurements for 6/12 ice core records described in Osman et al. 2019. # Information on the source and accessibility of the remaining (previously published) ice core records are provided in the "Data Availaibility" of Osman et al. 2019. # Provided Keywords: Atlantic marine productivity, Industrial-era #--------------------------------------- # Publication # Authors: Matthew B. Osman, Sarah B. Das, Luke D. Trusel, Matthew J. Evans, Hubertus Fischer, Mackenzie M. Grieman, Sepp Kipfstuhl, Joseph R. McConnell, Eric S. Saltzman # Published_Date_or_Year: 2019-05-06 # Published_Title: Industrial-era decline of subarctic Atlantic productivity # Journal_Name: Nature # Volume: 569 # Edition: # Issue: 7757 # Pages: 551-555 # Report Number: # DOI: 10.1038/s41586-019-1181-8 # Online_Resource: https://www.nature.com/articles/s41586-019-1181-8 # Full_Citation: # Abstract: MMarine phytoplankton have a crucial role in the modulation of marine-based food webs, fishery yields and the global drawdown of atmospheric carbon dioxide. However, owing to sparse measurements before satellite monitoring in the twenty-first century, the long-term response of planktonic stocks to climate forcing is unknown. Here, using a continuous, multi-century record of subarctic Atlantic marine productivity, we show that a marked 10 +/- 7% decline in net primary productivity has occurred across this highly productive ocean basin over the past two centuries. We support this conclusion by the application of a marine-productivity proxy, established using the signal of the planktonic-derived aerosol methanesulfonic acid, which is commonly identified across an array of Greenlandic ice cores. Using contemporaneous satellite-era observations, we demonstrate the use of this signal as a robust and high-resolution proxy for past variations in spatially integrated marine productivity. We show that the initiation of declining subarctic Atlantic productivity broadly coincides with the onset of Arctic surface warming, and that productivity strongly covaries with regional sea-surface temperatures and basin-wide gyre circulation strength over recent decades. Taken together, our results suggest that the decline in industrial-era productivity may be evidence of the predicted collapse of northern Atlantic planktonic stocks in response to a weakened Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation. Continued weakening of this Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation, as projected for the twenty-first century, may therefore result in further productivity declines across this globally relevant region. #--------------------------------------- # Publication # Authors: Joseph R. McConnell, Ross Edwards, Gregory L. Kok, Mark G. Flanner, Charles S. Zender, Eric S. Saltzman, J. Ryan Banta, Daniel R. Pasteris, Megan M. Carter, Jonathan D. W. Kahl # Published_Date_or_Year: 2007-09-07 # Published_Title: 20th-Century Industrial Black Carbon Emissions Altered Arctic Climate Forcing # Journal_Name: Science # Volume: 317 # Edition: # Issue: 5843 # Pages: 1381-1384 # Report_Number: # DOI: 10.1126/science.1144856 # Online_Resource: https://science.sciencemag.org/content/317/5843/1381 # Full_Citation: # Abstract: Black carbon (BC) from biomass and fossil fuel combustion alters chemical and physical properties of the atmosphere and snow albedo, yet little is known about its emission or deposition histories. Measurements of BC, vanillic acid, and non–sea-salt sulfur in ice cores indicate that sources and concentrations of BC in Greenland precipitation varied greatly since 1788 as a result of boreal forest fires and industrial activities. Beginning about 1850, industrial emissions resulted in a sevenfold increase in ice-core BC concentrations, with most change occurring in winter. BC concentrations after about 1951 were lower but increasing. At its maximum from 1906 to 1910, estimated surface climate forcing in early summer from BC in Arctic snow was about 3 watts per square meter, which is eight times the typical preindustrial forcing value. #--------------------------------------- # Funding_Agency # Funding_Agency_Name: National Science Foundation # Grant: OPP-1205196 #--------------------------------------- # Funding_Agency # Funding_Agency_Name: Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG)  # Grant: Wa 709/2 #--------------------------------------- # Site Information # Site_Name: NGT-B21 # Location: Greenland Ice Sheet # Country: Greenland # Northernmost_Latitude: 80 # Southernmost_Latitude: 80 # Easternmost_Longitude: -41.14 # Westernmost_Longitude: -41.14 # Elevation: 2185 #--------------------------------------- # Data_Collection # Collection_Name: Osman2019NGT-B21MSA # First_Year: 1395 # Last_Year: 1993 # Time_Unit: CE # Core_Length: 84.4425 # Notes: #--------------------------------------- # Chronology_Information # Chronology: #--------------------------------------- # Variables # Data variables follow that are preceded by "##" in columns one and two. # Variables list, one per line, shortname-tab-longname components (9 components: what, material, error, units, seasonality, archive, detail, method, C or N for Character or Numeric data) # ## depth_mid depth,,,meters,,,,,N, middle sampling depth ## age_CE age,,,year Common Era,,,,,N, ## MSA methanesulfonate,aqueous,,microgram per kilogram,,Ice cores,raw measurements,Ion chromatography,N, # #------------------------ # Data # Data lines follow (have no #) # Data line format - tab-delimited text, variable short name as header # Missing Value: -999 depth_mid age_CE MSA 0.4389 1993.5 2.531251664 0.7878 1992.5 1.600985261 1.1122 1991.5 1.813744688 1.4279 1990.5 1.438460993 1.7920 1989.5 1.706490814 2.1300 1988.5 3.27296035 2.4018 1987.5 3.750860942 2.7335 1986.5 1.902621258 3.0600 1985.5 2.095717365 3.3704 1984.5 2.46973704 3.6482 1983.5 1.963778746 3.9338 1982.5 2.506665107 4.1600 1981.5 1.986171761 4.5642 1980.5 1.770847183 4.7916 1979.5 1.827773665 5.0215 1978.5 2.044079242 5.3400 1977.5 2.167302348 5.5900 1976.5 2.147613735 5.7823 1975.5 1.943600586 6.0648 1974.5 2.119139633 6.3877 1973.5 1.704692034 6.6395 1972.5 1.942243088 6.8958 1971.5 2.053569601 7.2689 1970.5 1.406678416 7.4044 1969.5 1.908848197 7.6289 1968.5 1.860179182 7.9844 1967.5 1.615849995 8.1626 1966.5 1.727360881 8.3966 1965.5 1.8265612 8.6032 1964.5 1.86845 8.7764 1963.5 2.50656 8.9792 1962.5 2.50656 9.1744 1961.5 2.097976674 9.4379 1960.5 2.165305127 9.7432 1959.5 2.173000871 10.0111 1958.5 1.687424316 10.2228 1957.5 1.70839 10.4164 1956.5 2.094659149 10.6389 1955.5 2.580898106 10.8514 1954.5 2.544420197 11.0597 1953.5 2.072757397 11.2248 1952.5 2.23663 11.4308 1951.5 2.377831915 11.6569 1950.5 2.253460136 11.8824 1949.5 2.760342521 12.0044 1948.5 3.151709089 12.2652 1947.5 1.94209 12.6194 1946.5 1.927789004 13.0264 1945.5 1.988379559 13.1415 1944.5 2.127 13.2371 1943.5 2.297183665 13.4279 1942.5 2.573935527 13.5804 1941.5 2.58103 13.6757 1940.5 2.273218704 13.8091 1939.5 2.240276871 14.0185 1938.5 2.628936662 14.1897 1937.5 3.0258 14.3989 1936.5 2.087344952 14.4940 1935.5 2.141035719 14.6841 1934.5 2.2772957 14.8552 1933.5 2.607862908 15.1784 1932.5 2.472623533 15.4446 1931.5 2.558834219 15.6536 1930.5 2.803008793 15.8243 1929.5 2.986616617 15.9756 1928.5 2.61381 16.2394 1927.5 2.4362805 16.5395 1926.5 3.529488591 16.7076 1925.5 3.120004991 16.8938 1924.5 2.431046028 17.0609 1923.5 2.923478149 17.3014 1922.5 3.308023179 17.5773 1921.5 2.246782588 17.6872 1920.5 2.27138 17.7786 1919.5 -999 17.8881 1918.5 1.59543 18.0882 1917.5 2.312634994 18.3957 1916.5 3.733539473 18.6478 1915.5 3.435587296 18.8272 1914.5 3.804900851 19.1309 1913.5 2.840800699 19.2912 1912.5 2.235411521 19.5750 1911.5 2.30648366 19.7341 1910.5 2.671540825 19.8398 1909.5 2.687531412 20.0141 1908.5 2.609622638 20.1176 1907.5 1.78207 20.2544 1906.5 1.987442753 20.4402 1905.5 2.368333716 20.6235 1904.5 2.532118412 20.7388 1903.5 2.81618 20.9665 1902.5 2.437059398 21.2564 1901.5 1.975337806 21.4460 1900.5 1.917866978 21.6691 1899.5 2.183557938 21.7717 1898.5 1.89016 22.0101 1897.5 1.643256415 22.2978 1896.5 2.194984202 22.4494 1895.5 2.21515 22.7021 1894.5 1.819569891 22.8707 1893.5 2.529844397 23.0899 1892.5 2.099242058 23.2585 1891.5 2.19314011 23.3935 1890.5 1.93791 23.5960 1889.5 2.060408458 23.7671 1888.5 2.633450255 23.9611 1887.5 3.60768 24.1064 1886.5 2.440929981 24.2555 1885.5 2.039245412 24.5867 1884.5 2.225401539 24.7711 1883.5 2.433865433 24.9138 1882.5 2.10635 25.1281 1881.5 1.955467102 25.3320 1880.5 1.960567535 25.5958 1879.5 2.114901978 25.7802 1878.5 1.964869318 25.9760 1877.5 1.74218 26.2832 1876.5 1.719787539 26.4436 1875.5 1.88522 26.5554 1874.5 1.991889174 26.7618 1873.5 2.03263682 26.9354 1872.5 2.11434 27.0453 1871.5 1.963208731 27.1701 1870.5 1.75341 27.4174 1869.5 3.244348793 27.6315 1868.5 2.453771228 27.7690 1867.5 1.622350577 27.9834 1866.5 1.61225 28.1366 1865.5 1.468332453 28.2899 1864.5 2.002532986 28.4126 1863.5 3.05293 28.5813 1862.5 2.615373308 28.6734 1861.5 2.13307 28.8269 1860.5 2.283075275 28.9651 1859.5 2.46716 29.0880 1858.5 1.929898215 29.2262 1857.5 1.71811 29.3950 1856.5 1.753733657 29.5789 1855.5 1.935317451 29.7779 1854.5 2.173852928 29.9767 1853.5 2.17542 30.0837 1852.5 2.910545044 30.2821 1851.5 3.010027481 30.4799 1850.5 2.554986604 30.6466 1849.5 2.09343 30.8427 1848.5 3.011617129 30.9630 1847.5 3.59162 31.1577 1846.5 2.080011142 31.3069 1845.5 1.89228393 31.4410 1844.5 2.25115 31.5898 1843.5 2.478633529 31.7237 1842.5 2.81535 31.9019 1841.5 2.248235612 31.9909 1840.5 2.19843 32.1688 1839.5 2.275767929 32.4648 1838.5 2.154918793 32.6864 1837.5 3.15308462 32.7898 1836.5 3.62346 32.8931 1835.5 1.978625232 33.1585 1834.5 2.486584881 33.4088 1833.5 2.311747737 33.6149 1832.5 1.892925364 33.8356 1831.5 2.185080458 34.0563 1830.5 2.499318123 34.1740 1829.5 2.54451 34.3652 1828.5 1.8760613 34.4828 1827.5 1.41914 34.6148 1826.5 1.866538469 34.7757 1825.5 1.989806121 34.9217 1824.5 1.98216 35.0528 1823.5 2.133616201 35.1981 1822.5 2.35875 35.3865 1821.5 2.181721366 35.5744 1820.5 1.89998 35.7761 1819.5 3.361369644 35.8910 1818.5 2.555795569 35.9915 1817.5 2.45316 36.0917 1816.5 1.922545083 36.2347 1815.5 1.8713 36.3346 1814.5 2.603290919 36.4343 1813.5 2.97985 36.6334 1812.5 2.272887356 36.7896 1811.5 1.541353831 36.9029 1810.5 1.64379 37.1292 1809.5 1.794405668 37.3127 1808.5 1.95328 37.5801 1807.5 2.147590013 37.7628 1806.5 2.318685788 37.9453 1805.5 1.922339258 38.0435 1804.5 1.903555067 38.2257 1803.5 1.97766 38.4497 1802.5 1.776033696 38.5754 1801.5 1.819049583 38.6730 1800.5 1.9 38.7844 1799.5 1.82052559 38.9511 1798.5 1.62308 39.1037 1797.5 1.656816406 39.2558 1796.5 1.729912366 39.3939 1795.5 1.85928 39.6144 1794.5 1.764860556 39.7383 1793.5 1.6957 39.8759 1792.5 2.395722807 39.9860 1791.5 2.69108 40.1785 1790.5 1.908198656 40.3159 1789.5 1.82931 40.4257 1788.5 2.395695396 40.7280 1787.5 1.930672924 40.8518 1786.5 1.673792057 40.9756 1785.5 2.50825 41.0719 1784.5 1.974655997 41.1683 1783.5 1.80269 41.2784 1782.5 1.706412422 41.4438 1781.5 1.57068 41.6090 1780.5 2.761060534 41.7052 1779.5 3.24111 41.8698 1778.5 1.216723708 42.0887 1777.5 0.629819496 42.1706 1776.5 0.563542 42.3477 1775.5 1.345160678 42.4971 1774.5 2.114314897 42.6596 1773.5 1.72297 42.8351 1772.5 1.74219931 42.9429 1771.5 1.76301 43.0907 1770.5 1.921277673 43.1980 1769.5 2.02278 43.4266 1768.5 1.550690848 43.5479 1767.5 1.800941085 43.7369 1766.5 2.187962396 43.8181 1765.5 1.47186 43.8993 1764.5 1.47186 44.0621 1763.5 1.613528849 44.2252 1762.5 1.95366 44.4295 1761.5 1.444639391 44.6343 1760.5 1.297837494 44.7848 1759.5 1.198785204 44.9218 1758.5 1.07791 45.0865 1757.5 1.807319268 45.2787 1756.5 2.40381322 45.4428 1755.5 1.70293 45.5380 1754.5 1.699773612 45.6330 1753.5 1.66699 45.8086 1752.5 1.849785136 45.9832 1751.5 2.34456 46.0767 1750.5 1.366350718 46.1971 1749.5 1.15909 46.2910 1748.5 1.912961665 46.4664 1747.5 2.32177 46.6020 1746.5 1.866540766 46.7384 1745.5 1.755233599 46.8891 1744.5 1.96121 47.0546 1743.5 1.967590211 47.1236 1742.5 1.97465 47.3291 1741.5 2.075466348 47.4378 1740.5 2.42926 47.6937 1739.5 2.281816413 47.8403 1738.5 2.416004053 47.9860 1737.5 2.47102 48.1838 1736.5 1.744765142 48.4345 1735.5 1.683369193 48.5402 1734.5 1.908788968 48.6856 1733.5 2.15758 48.8840 1732.5 2.443604621 48.9900 1731.5 2.51653 49.1485 1730.5 2.073435742 49.2671 1729.5 2.019838582 49.3985 1728.5 2.00558 49.6343 1727.5 2.104737076 49.7126 1726.5 2.141058359 49.9080 1725.5 2.21234 50.1288 1724.5 1.662704943 50.3105 1723.5 2.119170391 50.4530 1722.5 3.60865 50.6083 1721.5 2.693677279 50.7635 1720.5 2.022919161 50.8540 1719.5 2.10119 51.0604 1718.5 2.249332263 51.2277 1717.5 2.78825 51.3562 1716.5 2.151820427 51.5487 1715.5 1.719679608 51.6767 1714.5 0.910311 51.7918 1713.5 1.273720934 51.8940 1712.5 1.87497 51.9835 1711.5 1.87497 52.0680 1710.5 0.762232611 52.1560 1709.5 0.494726 52.2680 1708.5 0.494726 52.3620 1707.5 0.63334776 52.4960 1706.5 0.675877 52.6120 1705.5 1.326177183 52.7660 1704.5 1.72831 52.9360 1703.5 1.109542198 53.0500 1702.5 1.835039683 53.1140 1701.5 2.51798 53.2280 1700.5 2.431392511 53.3240 1699.5 1.89107 53.3880 1698.5 1.89107 53.4940 1697.5 1.996593557 53.5820 1696.5 2.17059 53.6820 1695.5 2.17059 53.7960 1694.5 1.89279003 53.9560 1693.5 1.79402 54.0800 1692.5 2.125403042 54.2560 1691.5 2.393035856 54.3620 1690.5 2.91374 54.5120 1689.5 2.558495702 54.6120 1688.5 1.56591 54.7620 1687.5 2.06505988 54.8700 1686.5 3.01431 55.0120 1685.5 2.883679275 55.1300 1684.5 1.48069 55.3020 1683.5 1.490045216 55.4360 1682.5 1.50095 55.5500 1681.5 1.752692804 55.6560 1680.5 1.96756 55.8260 1679.5 1.918034383 56.0080 1678.5 1.808462114 56.1660 1677.5 2.13568 56.3280 1676.5 1.028629871 56.4620 1675.5 0.633687 56.6020 1674.5 1.500130274 56.7700 1673.5 1.852219509 56.9420 1672.5 2.12725 57.0840 1671.5 2.29909328 57.2280 1670.5 2.41356 57.3900 1669.5 2.232472196 57.5460 1668.5 1.98908 57.6840 1667.5 1.744878776 57.7960 1666.5 1.678740177 57.9120 1665.5 1.79619 58.1140 1664.5 1.935495635 58.1880 1663.5 2.00386 58.3680 1662.5 1.990338284 58.5060 1661.5 1.752790967 58.6280 1660.5 1.14487 58.7300 1659.5 1.14487 58.8060 1658.5 2.61247598 58.9540 1657.5 2.83157 59.0780 1656.5 1.780509338 59.2380 1655.5 1.15855 59.4340 1654.5 1.159673767 59.5900 1653.5 1.332260178 59.7620 1652.5 1.82725 59.8820 1651.5 1.469702946 60.0460 1650.5 1.396466984 60.2440 1649.5 1.178397663 60.3560 1648.5 0.982306 60.4900 1647.5 0.982306 60.6460 1646.5 0.770809 60.8500 1645.5 1.436312401 60.9980 1644.5 1.8968 61.1180 1643.5 1.26751325 61.2220 1642.5 1.25774 61.3480 1641.5 1.0233683 61.4380 1640.5 0.95828 61.6040 1639.5 1.106277526 61.7380 1638.5 1.247422428 61.9340 1637.5 1.22324 62.0880 1636.5 1.084396538 62.2160 1635.5 0.990575 62.2760 1634.5 0.990575 62.4480 1633.5 1.304670075 62.6300 1632.5 1.350748924 62.7540 1631.5 0.416669 62.9620 1630.5 1.793318585 63.0860 1629.5 1.351824014 63.2460 1628.5 0.974994 63.3660 1627.5 0.963333085 63.5600 1626.5 0.947317 63.6340 1625.5 0.973871618 63.7420 1624.5 1.00559 63.9460 1623.5 1.207751412 64.0700 1622.5 1.257489737 64.1660 1621.5 1.23274 64.2660 1620.5 1.137392938 64.4000 1619.5 1.058 64.5860 1618.5 1.593664674 64.7340 1617.5 2.02158 64.8800 1616.5 1.623585544 65.0020 1615.5 1.41994249 65.1020 1614.5 3.06689 65.2620 1613.5 3.042604399 65.3980 1612.5 0.987438 65.5140 1611.5 0.987438 65.6460 1610.5 1.224890996 65.7600 1609.5 1.282701513 65.8880 1608.5 1.5403 66.0180 1607.5 1.448930291 66.1500 1606.5 0.876027 66.2720 1605.5 0.939435689 66.4060 1604.5 1.99587 66.5100 1603.5 1.99587 66.6280 1602.5 1.163205661 66.7140 1601.5 1.00068 66.8580 1600.5 0.689586544 67.0260 1599.5 0.590437604 67.1520 1598.5 0.788845 67.2860 1597.5 0.791374287 67.4080 1596.5 0.809642 67.5180 1595.5 0.953281881 67.6720 1594.5 2.87973 67.8000 1593.5 1.717583039 67.9380 1592.5 0.423573 68.0680 1591.5 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