GISP2 Deglacial Transition Gases Data: Readme file --------------------------------------------------------------------- World Data Center for Paleoclimatology, Boulder and NOAA Paleoclimatology Program --------------------------------------------------------------------- NOTE: PLEASE CITE ORIGINAL REFERENCE WHEN USING THIS DATA!!!!! NAME OF DATA SET: GISP2 Deglacial Transition Gases Data LAST UPDATE: 12/2000 (Original receipt by WDC Paleo) CONTRIBUTOR: Jeff Severinghaus, Scripps Institution of Oceanography IGBP PAGES/WDCA CONTRIBUTION SERIES NUMBER: 2000-073 SUGGESTED DATA CITATION: Severinghaus, J., et al., 2000, GISP2 Deglacial Transition Gases Data, IGBP PAGES/World Data Center A for Paleoclimatology Data Contribution Series #2000-073. NOAA/NGDC Paleoclimatology Program, Boulder CO, USA. ORIGINAL REFERENCE: Severinghaus, J. P., and Brook, E. J., 1999. Abrupt climate change at the end of the last glacial period inferred from trapped air in polar ice, Science 286, 930-934. ADDITIIONAL REFERENCES: Severinghaus, J.P., T. Sowers, E.J. Brook, R,B. Alley, and M.L. Bender, 1998. Timing of abrupt climate change at the end of the Younger Dryas interval from thermally fractionated gases in polar ice, Nature 391, 141-146. Bender, M., Sowers, T., Dickson, M.-L., Orchardo, J., Grootes, P., Mayewski, P.A., Meese, D., 1994. Climate Correlations between Greenland and Antarctica during the past 100,000 years, Nature 372, 663-666. GEOGRAPHIC REGION: Greenland and North Atlantic PERIOD OF RECORD: Deglacial Transition, ~15000 YBP. LIST OF FILES: Readme_Severinghaus1999.txt (this file), severinghaus_1999.xls (Microsoft Excel format), severinghaus_1999.txt (Tab-delimited ASCII text). DESCRIPTION: GISP2 Deglacial Transition Gases Data d15N, d18O, d40Ar/4, and CH4 data through the Deglacial Transition interval. Isotope ratios are expressed as deltas, and include d15N, d18O (of molecular oxygen, O2), and d40Ar/4 (40/36 ratio). Precision is ±0.007, ±0.05, and ±0.008 per mil for the three, respectively, and is defined as the 1 sigma pooled standard deviation from the mean of replicate samples cut from the same depth in the ice core. d40Ar is divided by four to facilitate comparison with d15N, since d40Ar is fractionated exactly four times as much as d15N by gravity. The standard gas for all three is the contemporary atmosphere, as these ratios are highly stable in air. Data are vs. ice core depth. "Data set from Severinghaus and Brook, 1999" "Full reference: Severinghaus, J. P., and Brook, E. J., Abrupt climate change at the end of the last glacial period " "inferred from trapped air in polar ice, Science 286, 930-934 (1999)." GISP2 ice core "Data run at University of Rhode Island (URI) and Scripps Institution of Oceanography (SIO) are noted, " because there may be a ~0.01 permil offset between the two data sets (see text of paper). Precision (defined as the pooled standard deviation from the mean of replicate ice samples cut from the same depth) " is ±0.007 and ±0.008 for d15N and d40Ar/4, respectively, in the ice core data." Precision in the firn air data is ±0.002 permil for both d15N and d40Ar/4. "depth, m" d15N mean d15N comment d18O of O2 d40Ar/4 mean d40Ar/4 comment d15Nexcess "mean CH4, ppb" 1595.10 0.358 "Bender et al, 1994" 1615.00 0.317 "Bender et al, 1994" 1635.10 0.378 "Bender et al, 1994" 1655.10 0.365 "Bender et al, 1994" 1675.10 0.422 "Bender et al, 1994" 1680.10 0.444 1685.00 0.436 1685.05 0.444 1687.90 0.475 1688.00 0.434 1691.10 0.522 1693.00 0.548 1695.10 0.552 1696.10 0.547 1697.00 0.565 1697.90 0.548 1698.50 0.531 1698.90 0.501 1699.50 0.516 1700.10 0.490 1700.60 0.461 1701.10 0.417 1701.50 0.415 1702.00 0.453 1704.10 0.425 1706.10 0.416 1708.20 0.412 1711.10 0.384 1715.10 0.396 "Bender et al, 1994" 1723.05 0.357 1725.05 0.344 1726.27 0.341 1727.94 0.346 1730.05 0.365 1731.16 0.374 1732.95 0.389 1734.27 0.436 1736.17 0.444 1738.17 0.415 1740.17 0.393 1744.17 0.354 1755.10 0.386 "Bender et al., 1994" 1775.10 0.473 "Bender et al., 1994" 1789.00 0.405 "Bender et al., 1994" 1795.10 0.436 "Bender et al., 1994" 1808.00 0.516 "Bender et al., 1994" 1814.17 0.610 0.621 URI 2.288 1814.17 0.631 URI 2.471 1815.10 0.615 0.617 URI 2.150 1815.10 0.614 URI 2.308 1815.10 0.624 URI 2.292 1816.05 0.646 0.635 SIO 1816.05 0.633 SIO 1816.05 0.625 SIO 1816.35 0.634 0.631 SIO 0.599 0.599 0.032 1816.35 0.631 SIO 0.599 1816.35 0.627 SIO 1816.55 0.630 0.638 URI 2.352 0.601 0.593 0.045 1816.55 0.647 URI 2.395 0.585 1816.95 0.643 0.644 URI 2.422 0.596 0.596 not replicated 0.047 1816.95 0.645 URI 2.425 1817.34 0.621 0.619 SIO 0.585 0.583 0.036 1817.34 0.616 SIO 0.580 1817.34 0.620 SIO 1817.55 0.631 0.634 URI 2.371 0.591 0.585 0.049 1817.55 0.637 URI 2.372 0.579 1817.95 0.606 0.614 SIO 1817.95 0.618 SIO 1817.95 0.617 SIO 1818.00 0.626 0.632 URI 2.404 1818.00 0.638 URI 2.401 1818.35 0.604 0.609 SIO 1818.35 0.621 SIO 1818.35 0.602 SIO 1818.55 0.612 0.614 URI 2.286 0.567 0.570 0.043 1818.55 0.615 URI 2.312 0.574 1819.05 0.622 0.620 URI 2.312 0.569 0.575 0.045 1819.05 0.618 URI 2.329 0.581 1819.35 0.577 0.577 SIO 1819.35 0.574 SIO 1819.35 0.579 SIO 1819.55 0.612 0.607 URI 2.267 0.572 0.576 0.032 1819.55 0.603 URI 2.285 0.579 1819.94 0.596 0.592 SIO 1819.94 0.582 SIO 1819.94 0.598 SIO 1820.17 0.591 0.595 URI 2.293 0.558 0.560 0.035 1820.17 0.600 URI 2.328 0.562 1820.26 0.561 0.571 SIO 1820.26 0.580 SIO 1820.26 0.571 SIO 1820.35 0.550 0.540 SIO 1820.35 0.534 SIO 1820.35 0.536 SIO 1820.45 0.563 0.565 SIO 1820.45 0.562 SIO 1820.45 0.571 SIO 1820.55 0.539 0.538 URI 2.183 1820.55 0.537 URI 2.193 1820.75 0.538 0.555 SIO 0.535 0.535 not replicated 0.020 1820.75 0.567 SIO 1820.75 0.559 SIO 1820.95 0.516 0.524 SIO 1820.95 0.525 SIO 1820.95 0.531 SIO 1821.16 0.523 0.524 URI 2.219 1821.16 0.524 URI 2.212 1821.35 0.491 0.500 SIO 1821.35 0.506 SIO 1821.35 0.503 SIO 1821.55 0.499 0.492 URI 2.095 1821.55 0.486 URI 2.123 1821.95 0.473 0.474 SIO 0.487 0.493 -0.019 1821.95 0.477 SIO 0.500 1821.95 0.474 SIO 1822.05 0.483 0.479 SIO 1822.05 0.474 SIO 1822.05 0.482 SIO 1822.55 0.480 0.482 SIO 1822.55 0.485 SIO 1822.55 0.480 SIO 1823.05 0.487 0.488 URI 2.143 0.480 0.479 0.009 1823.05 0.489 URI 2.166 0.479 1823.55 0.472 0.472 SIO 0.476 0.479 -0.007 1823.55 0.475 SIO 0.483 1823.55 0.471 SIO 1824.05 0.449 0.466 URI 2.199 1824.05 0.483 URI 2.224 1825.05 0.475 0.488 URI 2.115 0.476 0.474 0.014 1825.05 0.501 URI 2.139 0.472 1825.55 0.471 0.472 SIO 0.481 0.476 -0.004 1825.55 0.473 SIO 0.471 1825.55 0.473 SIO 1826.17 0.484 0.475 SIO 0.477 0.479 -0.004 1826.17 0.477 SIO 0.481 1826.17 0.464 SIO 1827.05 0.488 0.485 URI 2.185 1827.05 0.483 URI 2.244 1829.90 0.463 0.477 URI 2.205 1829.90 0.490 URI 2.207 1835.00 0.490 0.462 URI 2.021 1835.00 0.434 URI 2.036 1855.10 0.417 0.432 URI 1.962 1855.10 0.447 URI 1.992 1862.00 0.403 "Bender et al, 1994" 1875.00 0.399 "Bender et al, 1994" 1895.00 0.416 "Bender et al, 1994" 1915.00 0.414 "Bender et al, 1994" 1595.00 749 1601.90 703 1608.10 742 1615.00 708 1621.90 701 1628.20 720 1635.00 716 1648.00 732 1655.00 732 1661.90 724 1668.20 741 1675.10 738 1680.12 680 1681.90 681 1685.00 693 1687.90 709 1688.20 737 1691.15 751 1693.00 755 1695.10 769 1695.70 686 1696.12 738 1697.00 693 1698.00 625 1699.00 591 1700.12 536 1700.58 520 1701.11 508 1701.50 534 1702.00 489 1704.12 485 1705.00 521 1706.12 481 1706.90 518 1708.50 525 1710.13 484 1711.20 458 1713.00 492 1715.10 510 1719.00 488 1721.90 494 1725.00 476 1728.20 597 1728.70 585 1732.12 626 1735.10 703 1739.00 680 1741.90 618 1746.12 674 1749.20 685 1752.12 684 1755.00 675 1762.12 674 1768.20 657 1772.12 704 1775.10 651 1779.00 640 1781.20 626 1781.90 701 1786.12 628 1789.20 661 1790.12 632 1791.11 615 1792.10 618 1793.12 636 1794.20 661 1795.10 667 1796.00 622 1798.00 626 1799.12 651 1800.00 658 1801.20 622 1802.12 605 1803.00 638 1803.90 612 1805.12 613 1808.20 624 1812.00 621 1815.10 593 1816.50 632 1817.50 640 1818.00 583 1818.50 589 1819.00 553 1819.50 551 1820.12 542 1820.50 499 1821.11 492 1821.50 511 1823.00 478 1824.00 490 1825.00 474 1827.00 458 1828.10 482 1829.90 538 1833.14 466 1833.14 476 1835.10 481 1841.30 458 1848.10 486 1855.10 462 1861.90 440 1868.20 450 1878.20 404 1882.10 370 1888.10 360 1895.10 406 1902.10 380 "Bender, M., Sowers, T., Dickson, M.-L., Orchardo, J., Grootes, P., Mayewski, P.A., Meese, D., Climate Correlations between Greenland and Antarctica during the past 100,000 years, Nature 372, 663-666 (1994)" Siple Dome Firn Air data (Figure 1): "depth, m" d15N d40Ar/4 0.00 -0.0018 -0.0030 0.00 0.0039 0.0012 2.11 0.1494 0.1128 3.95 0.1813 0.1268 3.95 0.1870 0.1274 5.90 0.1907 0.1310 5.90 0.1891 0.1313 7.84 0.1731 0.1194 7.84 0.1718 0.1204 9.82 0.1418 0.0970 9.82 0.1493 0.1026 11.77 0.1194 0.0857 13.78 0.1091 0.0710 13.78 0.1069 0.0735 14.44 0.1005 0.0747 14.44 0.0989 0.0782 20.42 0.0835 0.0780 26.40 0.1069 0.1116 26.40 0.1042 0.1135 32.39 0.1333 0.1369 38.38 0.1660 0.1666 38.38 0.1649 0.1685 44.37 0.1861 0.1863 44.37 0.1895 0.1909