Renland and Agassiz Ice Core 60KYr d18O Data on GICC05 Timescale ----------------------------------------------------------------------- World Data Center for Paleoclimatology, Boulder and NOAA Paleoclimatology Program ----------------------------------------------------------------------- NOTE: PLEASE CITE ORIGINAL REFERENCE WHEN USING THIS DATA!!!!! NAME OF DATA SET: Renland and Agassiz Ice Core 60KYr d18O Data on GICC05 Timescale LAST UPDATE: April 28, 2008; Original receipt by WDC Paleo: 4/2011 CONTRIBUTORS: Vinther, B.M., H.B. Clausen, D.A. Fisher, R.M. Koerner, S.J. Johnsen, K.K. Andersen, D. Dahl-Jensen, S.O. Rasmussen, J.P. Steffensen, and A.M. Svensson. IGBP PAGES/WDCA CONTRIBUTION SERIES NUMBER: 2011-052 WDC PALEO CONTRIBUTION SERIES CITATION: Vinther, B.M., et al. 2011. Renland and Agassiz Ice Core 60KYr d18O Data on GICC05 Timescale. IGBP PAGES/World Data Center for Paleoclimatology Data Contribution Series # 2011-052. NOAA/NCDC Paleoclimatology Program, Boulder CO, USA. ORIGINAL REFERENCE: Vinther, B.M., H.B. Clausen, D.A. Fisher, R.M. Koerner, S.J. Johnsen, K.K. Andersen, D. Dahl-Jensen, S.O. Rasmussen, J.P. Steffensen, and A.M. Svensson. 2008. Synchronizing ice cores from the Renland and Agassiz ice caps to the Greenland Ice Core Chronology. J. Geophys. Res., 113, D08115, doi:10.1029/2007JD009143 ABSTRACT: Four ice cores from the Agassiz ice cap in the Canadian high arctic and one ice core from the Renland ice cap in eastern Greenland have been synchronized to the Greenland Ice Core Chronology 2005 (GICC05) which is based on annual layer counts in the DYE-3, GRIP and NGRIP ice cores. Volcanic reference horizons, seen in electrical conductivity measurements (ECM) have been used to carry out the synchronization throughout the Holocene. The Agassiz ice cores have been matched to the NGRIP ice core ECM signal, while the Renland core has been matched to the GRIP ice core ECM signal, thus tying the cores to GICC05. Furthermore, it has been possible to synchronize the Renland ice core to NGRIP-GICC05 in the glacial period back to 60,000 years b2k (years before A.D. 2000), on the basis of a matching of transitions between stadials and interstadials. This work brings the total number of ice core records that have been rigorously tied to the GICC05 timescale up to nine. Renland annual layer thicknesses are increasing with depth during the period from 7 to 8.5 ka b2k, a highly unusual observation only matched by a similar thickness increase in the glacial section of the Renland core some 60 ka ago. Annual layer thicknesses in the Agassiz ice cores point to a well-developed Raymond bump in the Agassiz ice cap. GICC05 REFERENCES: The dating of the 0-7.9 ka b2k part is described in the paper: B.M. Vinther, H.B. Clausen, S.J. Johnsen, S.O. Rasmussen, K.K. Andersen, S.L. Buchardt, D. Dahl-Jensen, I.K. Seierstad, M.-L. Siggaard-Andersen, J.P. Steffensen, A.M. Svensson, J. Olsen, and J. Heinemeier. 2006. A synchronized dating of three Greenland ice cores throughout the Holocene. J. Geophys. Res., vol. 111, D13102, 2006, doi:10.1029/2005JD006921 The dating of the 7.9-14.7 ka b2k part is described in the paper: S.O. Rasmussen, K.K. Andersen, A.M. Svensson, J.P. Steffensen, B.M. Vinther, H.B. Clausen, M.-L. Siggaard-Andersen, S.J. Johnsen, L.B. Larsen, D. Dahl-Jensen, M. Bigler, R. Röthlisberger, H. Fischer, K. Goto-Azuma, M.E. Hansson, and U. Ruth. 2006. A new Greenland ice core chronology for the last glacial termination. J. Geophys. Res., vol. 111, D06102, doi:10.1029/2005JD006079 The dating of the 14.7-41.8 ka b2k part is described in the two papers: K.K. Andersen, A. Svensson, S.J. Johnsen, S.O. Rasmussen, M. Bigler, R. Röthlisberger, U. Ruth, M.-L. Siggaard-Andersen, J.P. Steffensen, D. Dahl-Jensen, B.M. Vinther, and H.B. Clausen. 2006. The Greenland Ice Core Chronology 2005, 15-42 ka. Part 1: Constructing the time scale. Quaternary Science Reviews, 25, 3246-3257. doi:10.1016/j.quascirev.2006.08.002 A. Svensson, K.K. Andersen, M. Bigler, H.B. Clausen, D. Dahl-Jensen, S.M. Davies, S.J. Johnsen, R. Muscheler, S.O. Rasmussen, R. Röthlisberger, J.P. Steffensen, and B.M. Vinther. 2006. The Greenland Ice Core Chronology 2005, 15-42 ka. Part 2: Comparison to other records. Quaternary Science Reviews, 25, 3258-3267. doi:10.1016/j.quascirev.2006.08.003 The dating of the 41.8-60.0 ka b2k part is described in the paper: A. Svensson, K.K. Andersen, M. Bigler, H.B. Clausen, D. Dahl-Jensen, S.M. Davies, S.J. Johnsen, R. Muscheler, F. Parrenin, S.O. Rasmussen, R. Röthlisberger, I. Seierstad, J.P. Steffensen, and B.M. Vinther. 2008. A 60 000 year Greenland stratigraphic ice core chronology Climate of the Past, 4, 47-57. RENLAND DATA REFERENCE: S.J. Johnsen, H.B. Clausen, W. Dansgaard, N.S. Gundestrup, M. Hansson, P. Jonsson, J.P. Steffensen, and Á.E. Sveinbjörnsdóttir. 1992. A deep ice core from east Greenland. Medd. Groenl., 29, 3-29. AGASSIZ DATA REFERENCES: Fisher, D.A., R.M. Koerner, W.S.B. Patterson, W. Dansgaard, N. Gundestrup, and N. Reeh. 1983. Effect of wind scouring on climatic records from ice-core oxygen-isotope profiles. Nature, 301, 205-209. D.A. Fisher, D.A., R.M. Koerner, and N. Reeh. 1995. Holocene climatic records from Agassiz Ice Cap, Ellesmere Island, NWT, Canada. Holocene, 5(1), 19-24. GEOGRAPHIC REGION: Greenland and Arctic Canada PERIOD OF RECORD: 60KYrBP - present DESCRIPTION: Ice cores time scales for the Agassiz ice cap on Ellesmere Island and the Renland ice cap, Greenland. The time scales are synchronized to the Greenland Ice Core Chronology 2005 (GICC05), utilizing volcanic reference horizons seen in electrical conductivity measurements (ECM) in the Holocene, and transitions between stadials and interstadials during the glacial period. Site locations: Agassiz Ice Cap, Ellesmere Island, Canada: 80.7°N, 73.1°W, 1700m elev. Renland Ice Core, Greenland: 71.27°N, 26.73°W, 2350m elev. DATA: 1. Renland ice core on the Greenland Ice Core Chronology 2005 (GICC05) The period covered is 0-59.44 ka b2k (years before A.D. 2000) Original File Renland_GICC05_april2008, released April 28, 2008, available at: http://www.iceandclimate.nbi.ku.dk/data/ Age and depth values refer to the bottom of each interval. Thus the depth interval 23.1-36.1 m corresponds to the time interval 40 - 60 b2k. The resolution of the dataset is 20 yrs for the 0-11.7 ka b2k period and 2.5 cm (variable time resolution) for the 11.7-59.4 ka b2k period. The dating of the Renland ice core and matching to the GICC05 timescale has been carried out as follows: Annual layer counting in Renland d18O and ECM back to 1064 b2k. Matching of Renland and GRIP volcanic reference horizons during the period 1.1-11.7 ka b2k Matching of Renland and NGRIP stadial/interstadial transitions during the period from 11.7-59.4 ka b2k. A discussion of the matching uncertainties can be found in the main reference (Vinther et al. 2008). A discussion of the GICC05 timescale uncertainties can be found in the GICC05 references. Age Renland Renland (yrs depth d18O b2k) (m) (‰) 40 23.100 -27.14 60 36.100 -26.76 80 47.050 -26.94 100 56.050 -27.86 120 64.700 -27.63 140 72.550 -27.23 160 79.850 -27.74 180 86.600 -27.77 200 92.850 -27.49 220 98.650 -27.38 240 104.500 -27.47 260 111.250 -27.74 280 117.150 -27.65 300 122.250 -27.97 320 127.200 -27.07 340 131.350 -27.26 360 136.350 -27.35 380 140.200 -27.63 400 144.250 -27.56 420 148.400 -27.34 440 151.900 -27.61 460 155.525 -27.13 480 159.075 -27.01 500 162.525 -27.50 520 166.075 -27.32 540 169.075 -27.48 560 172.150 -26.73 580 174.575 -27.58 600 177.150 -26.71 620 179.350 -26.72 640 181.925 -27.60 660 184.475 -27.63 680 186.800 -27.00 700 188.975 -27.17 720 191.375 -27.71 740 193.975 -27.46 760 195.775 -27.78 780 197.475 -27.32 800 199.125 -27.00 820 201.150 -27.50 840 202.726 -26.55 860 204.300 -27.21 880 205.842 -27.46 900 207.352 -27.11 920 208.832 -27.41 940 210.282 -27.76 960 211.703 -27.35 980 213.096 -27.42 1000 214.462 -27.15 1020 215.802 -27.16 1040 217.115 -26.81 1060 218.405 -27.29 1080 219.667 -27.16 1100 220.882 -27.39 1120 222.020 -26.92 1140 223.070 -27.07 1160 224.093 -27.03 1180 225.099 -26.90 1200 226.089 -27.52 1220 227.060 -27.88 1240 228.013 -26.51 1260 228.947 -26.96 1280 229.862 -27.20 1300 230.756 -27.42 1320 231.629 -27.67 1340 232.480 -27.28 1360 233.310 -27.52 1380 234.116 -27.07 1400 234.899 -27.29 1420 235.658 -27.46 1440 236.392 -27.02 1460 237.101 -26.89 1480 237.785 -27.27 1500 238.451 -26.97 1520 239.101 -27.20 1540 239.736 -27.86 1560 240.355 -26.97 1580 240.960 -26.71 1600 241.550 -26.45 1620 242.127 -27.11 1640 242.690 -27.26 1660 243.239 -27.26 1680 243.776 -26.86 1700 244.301 -27.73 1720 244.814 -26.79 1740 245.315 -27.59 1760 245.805 -27.33 1780 246.284 -27.62 1800 246.753 -27.50 1820 247.212 -27.43 1840 247.659 -26.89 1860 248.093 -27.25 1880 248.513 -26.53 1900 248.921 -27.33 1920 249.319 -27.73 1940 249.706 -26.81 1960 250.084 -27.08 1980 250.455 -27.21 2000 250.818 -26.96 2020 251.176 -27.16 2040 251.530 -26.10 2060 251.879 -26.98 2080 252.222 -27.70 2100 252.558 -26.96 2120 252.887 -27.09 2140 253.210 -27.37 2160 253.527 -26.73 2180 253.839 -27.14 2200 254.145 -27.45 2220 254.447 -27.59 2240 254.744 -27.45 2260 255.037 -26.85 2280 255.330 -27.27 2300 255.624 -26.97 2320 255.918 -26.95 2340 256.211 -27.89 2360 256.503 -27.56 2380 256.794 -27.34 2400 257.083 -27.40 2420 257.371 -26.85 2440 257.655 -27.32 2460 257.937 -27.16 2480 258.216 -27.77 2500 258.491 -27.62 2520 258.762 -26.65 2540 259.028 -26.79 2560 259.290 -26.74 2580 259.546 -26.92 2600 259.797 -27.09 2620 260.041 -27.49 2640 260.280 -26.83 2660 260.511 -26.96 2680 260.735 -26.76 2700 260.951 -26.75 2720 261.159 -27.60 2740 261.359 -27.34 2760 261.550 -27.25 2780 261.734 -26.84 2800 261.911 -27.03 2820 262.083 -27.13 2840 262.248 -26.70 2860 262.410 -27.33 2880 262.567 -27.02 2900 262.722 -26.88 2920 262.874 -27.18 2940 263.025 -27.24 2960 263.175 -26.77 2980 263.325 -26.36 3000 263.476 -27.04 3020 263.628 -26.91 3040 263.783 -26.70 3060 263.941 -27.15 3080 264.103 -26.95 3100 264.267 -27.12 3120 264.433 -26.97 3140 264.601 -26.86 3160 264.771 -27.36 3180 264.943 -26.37 3200 265.116 -26.82 3220 265.290 -27.17 3240 265.465 -27.14 3260 265.642 -27.02 3280 265.819 -26.59 3300 265.998 -27.13 3320 266.177 -26.74 3340 266.356 -26.81 3360 266.536 -26.93 3380 266.716 -27.28 3400 266.897 -26.63 3420 267.077 -26.91 3440 267.258 -26.95 3460 267.438 -26.87 3480 267.618 -26.60 3500 267.797 -26.89 3520 267.976 -27.17 3540 268.154 -26.61 3560 268.331 -26.79 3580 268.508 -27.22 3600 268.683 -26.44 3620 268.857 -26.18 3640 269.029 -26.39 3660 269.200 -26.42 3680 269.370 -26.62 3700 269.538 -26.56 3720 269.703 -26.61 3740 269.867 -26.94 3760 270.029 -26.78 3780 270.188 -26.47 3800 270.346 -27.20 3820 270.500 -27.09 3840 270.652 -26.82 3860 270.801 -26.69 3880 270.947 -26.50 3900 271.091 -26.21 3920 271.231 -26.69 3940 271.368 -26.24 3960 271.501 -26.76 3980 271.631 -26.44 4000 271.757 -26.44 4020 271.880 -26.96 4040 271.998 -27.02 4060 272.113 -26.66 4080 272.225 -26.66 4100 272.336 -26.51 4120 272.445 -27.07 4140 272.552 -26.69 4160 272.658 -26.42 4180 272.761 -26.40 4200 272.863 -26.67 4220 272.964 -26.68 4240 273.062 -26.69 4260 273.160 -27.01 4280 273.255 -26.56 4300 273.350 -26.84 4320 273.443 -26.95 4340 273.534 -26.98 4360 273.625 -26.51 4380 273.714 -26.51 4400 273.802 -26.04 4420 273.888 -26.40 4440 273.974 -26.71 4460 274.059 -26.53 4480 274.142 -26.02 4500 274.224 -26.84 4520 274.306 -26.56 4540 274.387 -27.01 4560 274.466 -26.93 4580 274.545 -26.52 4600 274.624 -26.15 4620 274.701 -26.46 4640 274.778 -26.70 4660 274.854 -26.93 4680 274.930 -27.15 4700 275.005 -26.67 4720 275.080 -26.92 4740 275.154 -26.52 4760 275.228 -26.79 4780 275.301 -27.09 4800 275.373 -26.94 4820 275.445 -26.16 4840 275.517 -26.55 4860 275.587 -26.73 4880 275.657 -26.33 4900 275.726 -26.47 4920 275.794 -26.33 4940 275.861 -26.45 4960 275.927 -27.00 4980 275.992 -26.36 5000 276.056 -26.77 5020 276.119 -26.72 5040 276.181 -26.33 5060 276.242 -26.53 5080 276.301 -25.68 5100 276.359 -26.95 5120 276.416 -26.86 5140 276.471 -26.45 5160 276.525 -26.41 5180 276.577 -26.26 5200 276.628 -26.37 5220 276.677 -26.49 5240 276.724 -26.62 5260 276.768 -26.63 5280 276.810 -26.48 5300 276.851 -26.41 5320 276.890 -25.83 5340 276.928 -25.85 5360 276.966 -26.34 5380 277.003 -26.64 5400 277.041 -26.90 5420 277.080 -26.75 5440 277.120 -27.00 5460 277.161 -26.76 5480 277.204 -26.93 5500 277.250 -26.72 5520 277.297 -26.59 5540 277.346 -26.88 5560 277.395 -26.27 5580 277.446 -26.56 5600 277.497 -26.91 5620 277.547 -27.13 5640 277.598 -26.66 5660 277.648 -26.51 5680 277.697 -26.47 5700 277.745 -26.33 5720 277.792 -26.61 5740 277.837 -26.48 5760 277.880 -26.65 5780 277.924 -26.32 5800 277.967 -26.61 5820 278.010 -26.28 5840 278.052 -26.73 5860 278.093 -26.50 5880 278.133 -26.41 5900 278.173 -26.13 5920 278.212 -26.91 5940 278.249 -26.83 5960 278.285 -26.72 5980 278.320 -26.59 6000 278.353 -26.42 6020 278.386 -26.47 6040 278.417 -26.33 6060 278.448 -25.95 6080 278.478 -26.18 6100 278.507 -25.99 6120 278.535 -26.60 6140 278.563 -26.89 6160 278.590 -26.74 6180 278.617 -26.50 6200 278.643 -26.74 6220 278.668 -27.01 6240 278.693 -26.53 6260 278.717 -26.44 6280 278.741 -25.98 6300 278.765 -26.23 6320 278.788 -26.48 6340 278.810 -26.43 6360 278.833 -26.19 6380 278.855 -25.81 6400 278.877 -26.10 6420 278.898 -26.17 6440 278.919 -26.16 6460 278.941 -26.34 6480 278.962 -26.56 6500 278.982 -26.51 6520 279.003 -26.10 6540 279.024 -25.62 6560 279.045 -25.86 6580 279.065 -26.01 6600 279.086 -26.09 6620 279.107 -26.34 6640 279.128 -26.76 6660 279.149 -26.62 6680 279.171 -26.54 6700 279.192 -26.58 6720 279.214 -26.58 6740 279.236 -26.37 6760 279.258 -26.20 6780 279.281 -26.29 6800 279.304 -26.50 6820 279.327 -27.03 6840 279.351 -26.20 6860 279.376 -26.03 6880 279.401 -26.31 6900 279.426 -26.49 6920 279.452 -26.16 6940 279.478 -26.48 6960 279.505 -26.34 6980 279.533 -26.12 7000 279.562 -26.15 7020 279.591 -26.21 7040 279.621 -26.23 7060 279.651 -26.43 7080 279.683 -26.46 7100 279.715 -26.23 7120 279.748 -25.95 7140 279.783 -26.78 7160 279.818 -26.46 7180 279.854 -26.23 7200 279.891 -26.02 7220 279.929 -26.57 7240 279.968 -25.85 7260 280.009 -26.05 7280 280.055 -26.20 7300 280.105 -26.48 7320 280.159 -26.46 7340 280.217 -26.03 7360 280.277 -26.23 7380 280.341 -26.07 7400 280.407 -26.42 7420 280.474 -26.16 7440 280.544 -25.82 7460 280.614 -26.13 7480 280.685 -26.19 7500 280.757 -26.16 7520 280.829 -26.14 7540 280.900 -25.92 7560 280.970 -26.33 7580 281.039 -26.13 7600 281.107 -26.03 7620 281.172 -26.36 7640 281.236 -26.44 7660 281.297 -25.56 7680 281.358 -26.01 7700 281.418 -25.88 7720 281.478 -25.84 7740 281.538 -25.75 7760 281.598 -25.91 7780 281.658 -25.70 7800 281.719 -25.82 7820 281.781 -25.94 7840 281.843 -26.00 7860 281.908 -25.89 7880 281.973 -25.64 7900 282.039 -25.68 7920 282.105 -25.48 7940 282.170 -25.81 7960 282.235 -25.87 7980 282.300 -25.95 8000 282.366 -25.30 8020 282.433 -25.74 8040 282.501 -25.45 8060 282.570 -25.61 8080 282.640 -25.75 8100 282.713 -25.55 8120 282.788 -26.27 8140 282.865 -26.08 8160 282.945 -26.27 8180 283.028 -26.67 8200 283.115 -26.95 8220 283.205 -27.31 8240 283.299 -27.68 8260 283.402 -26.44 8280 283.514 -26.29 8300 283.634 -26.17 8320 283.760 -26.06 8340 283.892 -26.00 8360 284.027 -25.71 8380 284.164 -25.94 8400 284.302 -25.65 8420 284.439 -25.81 8440 284.573 -25.86 8460 284.706 -26.14 8480 284.838 -26.31 8500 284.972 -25.86 8520 285.108 -26.33 8540 285.248 -26.05 8560 285.393 -26.43 8580 285.544 -26.30 8600 285.705 -26.25 8620 285.876 -26.10 8640 286.053 -26.04 8660 286.235 -25.70 8680 286.417 -26.11 8700 286.598 -26.06 8720 286.777 -25.90 8740 286.956 -25.89 8760 287.135 -26.21 8780 287.314 -25.86 8800 287.493 -25.71 8820 287.673 -25.00 8840 287.854 -25.80 8860 288.035 -25.70 8880 288.217 -25.42 8900 288.399 -25.89 8920 288.583 -25.34 8940 288.768 -25.75 8960 288.954 -26.05 8980 289.142 -25.98 9000 289.331 -25.93 9020 289.522 -25.54 9040 289.714 -25.96 9060 289.909 -25.65 9080 290.115 -26.14 9100 290.330 -25.48 9120 290.544 -25.79 9140 290.750 -25.41 9160 290.939 -25.34 9180 291.103 -25.86 9200 291.244 -25.87 9220 291.383 -25.07 9240 291.539 -25.46 9260 291.716 -25.25 9280 291.906 -26.18 9300 292.107 -26.62 9320 292.317 -25.90 9340 292.536 -25.82 9360 292.762 -25.70 9380 292.993 -25.65 9400 293.228 -25.50 9420 293.465 -25.78 9440 293.702 -25.50 9460 293.939 -25.18 9480 294.174 -25.72 9500 294.405 -25.77 9520 294.631 -25.68 9540 294.851 -25.96 9560 295.067 -25.67 9580 295.284 -25.44 9600 295.500 -26.15 9620 295.717 -25.39 9640 295.934 -25.95 9660 296.151 -26.25 9680 296.368 -25.65 9700 296.584 -25.72 9720 296.800 -25.13 9740 297.016 -25.30 9760 297.231 -25.72 9780 297.446 -25.96 9800 297.659 -25.33 9820 297.872 -25.78 9840 298.084 -26.26 9860 298.296 -25.49 9880 298.506 -25.90 9900 298.714 -25.93 9920 298.922 -26.05 9940 299.128 -25.68 9960 299.333 -26.26 9980 299.536 -25.45 10000 299.737 -26.41 10020 299.937 -25.88 10040 300.135 -25.77 10060 300.331 -25.93 10080 300.528 -26.29 10100 300.731 -26.12 10120 300.938 -25.92 10140 301.146 -26.39 10160 301.355 -26.33 10180 301.563 -26.54 10200 301.767 -26.62 10220 301.967 -26.37 10240 302.159 -26.15 10260 302.343 -26.20 10280 302.516 -26.52 10300 302.677 -26.24 10320 302.825 -26.51 10340 302.956 -26.82 10360 303.071 -26.66 10380 303.169 -26.78 10400 303.257 -26.75 10420 303.337 -27.15 10440 303.411 -26.27 10460 303.483 -26.79 10480 303.555 -26.54 10500 303.629 -26.04 10520 303.704 -26.20 10540 303.777 -26.59 10560 303.851 -27.18 10580 303.924 -26.69 10600 303.997 -26.44 10620 304.069 -26.47 10640 304.141 -26.64 10660 304.213 -26.32 10680 304.284 -26.50 10700 304.354 -26.62 10720 304.424 -26.77 10740 304.493 -27.02 10760 304.562 -26.80 10780 304.630 -26.64 10800 304.697 -27.14 10820 304.763 -26.90 10840 304.829 -26.76 10860 304.894 -27.26 10880 304.958 -27.30 10900 305.021 -27.10 10920 305.084 -27.07 10940 305.145 -27.38 10960 305.206 -27.06 10980 305.265 -27.43 11000 305.323 -27.35 11020 305.381 -27.66 11040 305.437 -27.72 11060 305.492 -27.47 11080 305.546 -27.28 11100 305.599 -27.21 11120 305.652 -27.20 11140 305.705 -27.36 11160 305.756 -27.77 11180 305.807 -27.42 11200 305.856 -27.64 11220 305.903 -27.52 11240 305.947 -27.33 11260 305.988 -27.42 11280 306.026 -27.53 11300 306.061 -27.72 11320 306.091 -27.57 11340 306.119 -27.32 11360 306.144 -27.85 11380 306.168 -28.70 11400 306.190 -29.13 11420 306.211 -29.18 11440 306.232 -29.04 11460 306.252 -28.85 11480 306.272 -28.76 11500 306.292 -28.49 11520 306.313 -28.38 11540 306.335 -28.11 11560 306.358 -27.88 11580 306.383 -27.96 11600 306.408 -27.76 11620 306.435 -27.56 11640 306.462 -27.48 11660 306.489 -27.61 11680 306.517 -28.35 11700 306.546 -29.28 11740 306.575 -30.12 11778 306.600 -30.70 11815 306.625 -30.57 11852 306.650 -30.43 11889 306.675 -30.38 11927 306.700 -30.40 11964 306.725 -29.98 12001 306.750 -30.45 12039 306.775 -30.62 12076 306.800 -30.12 12113 306.825 -30.13 12150 306.850 -30.47 12188 306.875 -30.36 12225 306.900 -30.27 12262 306.925 -30.53 12299 306.950 -30.69 12337 306.975 -30.48 12374 307.000 -30.66 12411 307.025 -30.79 12449 307.050 -30.58 12486 307.075 -30.65 12523 307.100 -30.58 12560 307.125 -30.57 12598 307.150 -31.00 12635 307.175 -30.94 12672 307.200 -31.08 12710 307.225 -31.09 12747 307.250 -30.94 12784 307.275 -30.85 12821 307.300 -30.56 12859 307.325 -29.95 12896 307.350 -29.40 12942 307.375 -28.92 12988 307.400 -28.90 13034 307.425 -29.38 13080 307.450 -29.64 13126 307.475 -30.24 13172 307.500 -30.39 13218 307.525 -30.73 13264 307.550 -30.73 13310 307.575 -30.05 13357 307.600 -29.18 13403 307.625 -29.03 13449 307.650 -28.66 13495 307.675 -28.53 13541 307.700 -28.54 13587 307.725 -28.48 13633 307.750 -28.49 13679 307.775 -29.30 13725 307.800 -29.79 13771 307.825 -28.86 13817 307.850 -28.43 13863 307.875 -28.34 13909 307.900 -28.42 13955 307.925 -29.20 14001 307.950 -30.03 14047 307.975 -29.42 14093 308.000 -29.00 14139 308.025 -28.59 14185 308.050 -28.27 14231 308.075 -27.90 14278 308.100 -28.11 14324 308.125 -28.21 14370 308.150 -28.12 14416 308.175 -28.20 14462 308.200 -28.30 14508 308.225 -28.01 14554 308.250 -28.06 14600 308.275 -28.18 14646 308.300 -28.48 14692 308.325 -29.30 14826 308.350 -30.38 14960 308.375 -30.75 15094 308.400 -30.60 15228 308.425 -30.65 15361 308.450 -30.59 15495 308.475 -30.67 15629 308.500 -30.93 15763 308.525 -30.90 15897 308.550 -31.09 16031 308.575 -31.05 16165 308.600 -31.13 16299 308.625 -31.34 16432 308.650 -31.29 16566 308.675 -31.18 16700 308.700 -31.29 16834 308.725 -31.04 16968 308.750 -30.96 17102 308.775 -31.14 17236 308.800 -31.28 17369 308.825 -31.39 17503 308.850 -31.26 17637 308.875 -31.29 17771 308.900 -31.01 17905 308.925 -30.62 18039 308.950 -30.43 18173 308.975 -30.95 18307 309.000 -30.96 18441 309.025 -30.97 18574 309.050 -31.02 18708 309.075 -30.69 18842 309.100 -30.97 18976 309.125 -31.05 19110 309.150 -31.21 19244 309.175 -31.34 19378 309.200 -30.68 19512 309.225 -30.65 19645 309.250 -31.19 19779 309.275 -31.16 19913 309.300 -30.88 20047 309.325 -30.93 20181 309.350 -30.70 20315 309.375 -30.46 20449 309.400 -30.73 20583 309.425 -30.72 20716 309.450 -30.83 20850 309.475 -31.21 20984 309.500 -31.46 21118 309.525 -31.44 21252 309.550 -31.21 21386 309.575 -31.25 21520 309.600 -31.25 21653 309.625 -31.49 21787 309.650 -31.82 21921 309.675 -31.89 22055 309.700 -31.56 22189 309.725 -31.50 22323 309.750 -31.60 22457 309.775 -31.34 22591 309.800 -31.27 22724 309.825 -31.42 22858 309.850 -31.16 22992 309.875 -30.79 23126 309.900 -31.28 23260 309.925 -31.46 23300 309.950 -30.47 23340 309.975 -30.40 23490 310.000 -31.68 23640 310.025 -32.46 23790 310.050 -32.33 23940 310.075 -32.00 24090 310.100 -31.62 24240 310.125 -31.71 24390 310.150 -31.83 24540 310.175 -31.94 24690 310.200 -32.00 24840 310.225 -31.92 24990 310.250 -31.72 25140 310.275 -31.77 25290 310.300 -32.21 25440 310.325 -32.37 25590 310.350 -32.50 25740 310.375 -32.40 25890 310.400 -32.02 26040 310.425 -32.13 26190 310.450 -32.05 26340 310.475 -31.93 26490 310.500 -32.25 26640 310.525 -32.10 26790 310.550 -32.02 26940 310.575 -31.92 27090 310.600 -31.99 27240 310.625 -32.00 27390 310.650 -32.09 27540 310.675 -31.63 27620 310.700 -30.82 27700 310.725 -30.25 27780 310.750 -30.72 27985 310.775 -31.74 28190 310.800 -32.25 28395 310.825 -32.28 28600 310.850 -31.78 28700 310.875 -30.65 28800 310.900 -31.18 28900 310.925 -31.18 29216 310.950 -31.98 29532 310.975 -32.25 29848 311.000 -32.40 30164 311.025 -32.30 30480 311.050 -32.33 30796 311.075 -32.03 31112 311.100 -31.67 31428 311.125 -31.93 31744 311.150 -31.76 32060 311.175 -31.67 32170 311.200 -31.08 32280 311.225 -30.37 32390 311.250 -30.04 32500 311.275 -30.50 32793 311.300 -31.47 33087 311.325 -31.84 33380 311.350 -31.65 33470 311.375 -30.93 33560 311.400 -30.20 33650 311.425 -29.99 33740 311.450 -30.66 34080 311.475 -31.31 34420 311.500 -31.44 34760 311.525 -30.99 34940 311.550 -30.18 35120 311.575 -29.83 35300 311.600 -29.64 35480 311.625 -30.26 35770 311.650 -31.31 36060 311.675 -31.39 36350 311.700 -31.39 36640 311.725 -30.97 36798 311.750 -30.54 36956 311.775 -30.15 37114 311.800 -29.68 37272 311.825 -29.43 37430 311.850 -29.25 37588 311.875 -29.31 37746 311.900 -29.32 37904 311.925 -29.33 38062 311.950 -29.26 38220 311.975 -30.19 38416 312.000 -31.19 38611 312.025 -31.38 38807 312.050 -31.48 39002 312.075 -31.60 39198 312.100 -31.80 39393 312.125 -31.73 39589 312.150 -31.61 39784 312.175 -31.52 39980 312.200 -31.40 40070 312.225 -30.66 40160 312.250 -30.36 40277 312.275 -30.80 40394 312.300 -31.07 40511 312.325 -31.16 40629 312.350 -31.04 40746 312.375 -31.05 40863 312.400 -31.20 40980 312.425 -30.90 41060 312.450 -30.30 41140 312.475 -29.82 41220 312.500 -29.78 41300 312.525 -29.45 41380 312.550 -29.19 41460 312.575 -29.66 41597 312.600 -30.84 41733 312.625 -31.35 41870 312.650 -31.57 42007 312.675 -31.63 42143 312.700 -31.62 42280 312.725 -31.40 42376 312.750 -30.79 42473 312.775 -30.62 42569 312.800 -30.65 42665 312.825 -30.28 42762 312.850 -29.70 42858 312.875 -29.48 42955 312.900 -29.31 43051 312.925 -29.30 43147 312.950 -29.48 43244 312.975 -29.81 43340 313.000 -30.57 43600 313.025 -31.55 43860 313.050 -31.44 44120 313.075 -31.56 44380 313.100 -31.31 44526 313.125 -30.44 44672 313.150 -29.86 44818 313.175 -29.99 44964 313.200 -30.30 45109 313.225 -30.33 45255 313.250 -30.46 45401 313.275 -30.06 45547 313.300 -29.84 45693 313.325 -29.54 45839 313.350 -29.27 45985 313.375 -29.19 46131 313.400 -29.03 46276 313.425 -28.88 46422 313.450 -28.85 46568 313.475 -28.80 46714 313.500 -29.60 46860 313.525 -30.41 47156 313.550 -31.29 47452 313.575 -31.40 47748 313.600 -31.25 48044 313.625 -31.40 48340 313.650 -31.14 48458 313.675 -30.66 48575 313.700 -30.40 48693 313.725 -30.09 48810 313.750 -29.80 48928 313.775 -29.63 49045 313.800 -29.55 49163 313.825 -29.25 49280 313.850 -29.32 49450 313.875 -30.05 49620 313.900 -30.46 49759 313.925 -30.11 49899 313.950 -30.09 50038 313.975 -29.92 50178 314.000 -29.86 50317 314.025 -30.08 50456 314.050 -30.06 50596 314.075 -29.91 50735 314.100 -30.00 50875 314.125 -30.09 51014 314.150 -29.99 51153 314.175 -29.97 51293 314.200 -30.14 51432 314.225 -30.19 51572 314.250 -30.00 51711 314.275 -30.01 51850 314.300 -30.10 51990 314.325 -30.01 52129 314.350 -29.92 52268 314.375 -29.86 52408 314.400 -29.83 52547 314.425 -29.78 52687 314.450 -29.61 52826 314.475 -29.37 52965 314.500 -28.98 53105 314.525 -28.83 53244 314.550 -28.99 53384 314.575 -29.14 53523 314.600 -28.95 53662 314.625 -28.87 53802 314.650 -28.84 53941 314.675 -28.86 54081 314.700 -28.98 54220 314.725 -29.73 54830 314.750 -30.50 55440 314.775 -30.59 55560 314.800 -29.88 55680 314.825 -29.42 55800 314.850 -30.09 56140 314.875 -31.05 56480 314.900 -31.04 56644 314.925 -30.56 56807 314.950 -30.11 56971 314.975 -30.06 57135 315.000 -30.02 57298 315.025 -29.90 57462 315.050 -29.86 57625 315.075 -29.94 57789 315.100 -29.82 57953 315.125 -29.81 58116 315.150 -30.18 58280 315.175 -30.52 58365 315.200 -31.34 58450 315.225 -31.79 58535 315.250 -31.63 58620 315.275 -31.13 58697 315.300 -30.43 58773 315.325 -29.78 58850 315.350 -29.49 58927 315.375 -29.02 59003 315.400 -28.92 59080 315.425 -29.77 59140 315.450 -30.99 59200 315.475 -31.65 59260 315.500 -31.80 59320 315.525 -30.74 59360 315.550 -29.34 59400 315.575 -29.00 59440 315.600 -29.97 2. Match points used for synchronization of Renland to GICC05 Original File Renland_match_points_april2008 available at: http://www.iceandclimate.nbi.ku.dk/data/ The file contains the match points used for the transfer of the GICC05 time scale from NGRIP and GRIP to Renland. The Renland ice core has been matched to GRIP using volcanic markers (0-11.7 ka b2k) and to NGRIP using climatic transitions seen in d18O (11.7-59.4 ka b2k) The uncertainty of the match points is discussed in the main reference (Vinther et al. 2008). The uncertainty of the GICC05 time scale is discussed in the GICC05 references. GICC05 Renland Match Age Depth point (yr b2k) (m) type 217 97.750 Volc. Ref. 399 143.900 Volc. Ref. 523 166.430 Volc. Ref. 741 194.050 Volc. Ref. 821 201.200 Volc. Ref. 1067 218.850 Volc. Ref. 1129 222.500 Volc. Ref. 1471 237.480 Volc. Ref. 1823 247.280 Volc. Ref. 2052 251.740 Volc. Ref. 2252 254.920 Volc. Ref. 2733 261.290 Volc. Ref. 3076 264.070 Volc. Ref. 4049 272.050 Volc. Ref. 4704 275.020 Volc. Ref. 5217 276.670 Volc. Ref. 5478 277.200 Volc. Ref. 5737 277.830 Volc. Ref. 5992 278.340 Volc. Ref. 7246 279.980 Volc. Ref. 7635 281.220 Volc. Ref. 7879 281.970 Volc. Ref. 8236 283.280 Volc. Ref. 8441 284.580 Volc. Ref. 8582 285.560 Volc. Ref. 8698 286.580 Volc. Ref. 9055 289.860 Volc. Ref. 9167 291.000 Volc. Ref. 9239 291.530 Volc. Ref. 9539 294.840 Volc. Ref. 10062 300.350 Volc. Ref. 10358 303.060 Volc. Ref. 10484 303.570 Volc. Ref. 11089 305.570 Volc. Ref. 11306 306.070 Volc. Ref. 11570 306.370 Volc. Ref. 11703 306.550 Clim. Trans. 12896 307.350 Clim. Trans. 14692 308.325 Clim. Trans. 23260 309.925 Clim. Trans. 23340 309.975 Clim. Trans. 27540 310.675 Clim. Trans. 27780 310.750 Clim. Trans. 28600 310.850 Clim. Trans. 28900 310.925 Clim. Trans. 32060 311.175 Clim. Trans. 32500 311.275 Clim. Trans. 33380 311.350 Clim. Trans. 33740 311.450 Clim. Trans. 34760 311.525 Clim. Trans. 35480 311.625 Clim. Trans. 36640 311.725 Clim. Trans. 38220 311.975 Clim. Trans. 39980 312.200 Clim. Trans. 40160 312.250 Clim. Trans. 40980 312.425 Clim. Trans. 41460 312.575 Clim. Trans. 42280 312.725 Clim. Trans. 43340 313.000 Clim. Trans. 44380 313.100 Clim. Trans. 46860 313.525 Clim. Trans. 48340 313.650 Clim. Trans. 49280 313.850 Clim. Trans. 51660 314.475 Clim. Trans. 54220 314.725 Clim. Trans. 55440 314.775 Clim. Trans. 55800 314.850 Clim. Trans. 56480 314.900 Clim. Trans. 58280 315.175 Clim. Trans. 58620 315.275 Clim. Trans. 59080 315.425 Clim. Trans. 59320 315.525 Clim. Trans. 59440 315.600 Clim. Trans. 3. Agassiz ice cores on the Greenland Ice Core Chronology 2005 (GICC05) The period covered is 0-11.7 ka b2k (years before A.D. 2000) Original File named Agassiz_GICC05_20y_april2008, released April 28, 2008. available at: http://www.iceandclimate.nbi.ku.dk/data/ Age values refer to the bottom of each interval. Thus the age value 60 b2k refer to the interval 40 - 60 b2k. The dating of the Agassiz ice cores and matching to the GICC05 timescale has been carried out as follows: Sections of annual layer counting in A77 impurity data back to 7500 b2k. Matching of A77, A79 and A84 volcanic reference horizons to NGRIP volcanic reference horizons throughout the 0-11.7 ka b2k period. A87 time scale is produced by a uniform stretcing of the 0-8.2ka b2k and 8.2-11.7 ka b2k intervals from the A84 time scale. A discussion of the matching uncertainties can be found in the main reference (Vinther et al. 2008). A discussion of the GICC05 timescale uncertainties can be found in the Vinther et al. (2006) and Rasmussen et al. (2006) GICC05 references. The Agassiz data is discussed in Fisher et al. (1983) and Fisher et al. (1995). Age A77 A79 A84 A87 (yrs d18O d18O d18O d18O b2k) (‰) (‰) (‰) (‰) 60 -30.17 -27.67 -26.70 -27.36 80 -30.76 -28.00 -27.48 -26.99 100 -30.45 -28.79 -27.32 -27.17 120 -31.03 -27.91 -27.54 -27.80 140 -30.49 -28.49 -28.48 -28.49 160 -31.63 -28.85 -28.08 -27.96 180 -31.67 -28.57 -27.69 -27.99 200 -31.77 -28.87 -27.52 -28.07 220 -30.82 -28.20 -27.44 -27.80 240 -30.74 -28.43 -27.62 -27.62 260 -31.15 -29.20 -28.28 -28.34 280 -31.27 -29.75 -29.12 -27.82 300 -31.53 -29.19 -28.34 -28.76 320 -31.24 -29.46 -28.46 -28.60 340 -31.82 -29.64 -28.20 -27.83 360 -31.20 -28.82 -28.55 -28.17 380 -30.78 -29.20 -27.88 -27.70 400 -31.13 -28.11 -28.21 -28.06 420 -30.59 -27.89 -27.58 -27.85 440 -31.01 -28.66 -28.38 -28.34 460 -31.35 -28.30 -28.23 -27.71 480 -30.74 -28.50 -28.17 -28.07 500 -31.40 -28.74 -29.32 -28.19 520 -30.29 -28.98 -28.16 -27.94 540 -31.06 -28.89 -28.53 -27.19 560 -31.16 -27.95 -27.74 -27.49 580 -30.87 -27.88 -27.77 -27.85 600 -30.52 -28.33 -28.03 -28.06 620 -30.74 -28.22 -28.03 -27.75 640 -31.11 -28.49 -28.10 -27.60 660 -30.48 -28.65 -28.33 -27.97 680 -30.27 -28.63 -27.84 -28.43 700 -30.24 -28.56 -27.60 -27.26 720 -30.62 -27.93 -27.37 -28.27 740 -31.10 -29.42 -28.54 -27.91 760 -30.67 -28.67 -28.03 -27.99 780 -30.97 -28.29 -27.55 -27.80 800 -30.42 -27.48 -27.01 -28.18 820 -31.02 -28.84 -27.77 -27.37 840 -30.59 -28.33 -28.08 -28.12 860 -30.54 -27.59 -28.41 -26.74 880 -30.35 -29.14 -27.02 -27.28 900 -30.39 -29.20 -28.97 -27.92 920 -31.54 -28.21 -28.25 -28.25 940 -30.45 -28.27 -28.45 -27.76 960 -30.30 -29.03 -27.85 -27.48 980 -29.99 -28.35 -27.40 -27.69 1000 -29.99 -28.17 -27.90 -27.82 1020 -30.50 -28.96 -28.00 -27.61 1040 -30.01 -27.98 -27.62 -27.40 1060 -31.13 -27.17 -27.12 -27.85 1080 -30.59 -28.07 -27.49 -27.03 1100 -29.77 -28.14 -27.71 -28.00 1120 -30.35 -28.95 -28.05 -27.32 1140 -31.19 -27.94 -27.00 -26.80 1160 -30.87 -28.75 -26.65 -27.09 1180 -30.71 -28.24 -28.20 -28.03 1200 -29.85 -27.51 -27.63 -27.29 1220 -30.18 -28.54 -27.75 -26.97 1240 -29.43 -27.87 -27.73 -27.76 1260 -29.73 -28.49 -27.42 -27.53 1280 -30.19 -28.17 -28.00 -28.15 1300 -30.75 -27.60 -27.71 -27.55 1320 -30.71 -28.43 -27.78 -26.48 1340 -29.71 -28.95 -27.15 -26.85 1360 -29.77 -28.78 -27.55 -27.67 1380 -30.11 -27.57 -27.80 -28.01 1400 -30.29 -28.61 -27.95 -27.88 1420 -30.05 -27.94 -27.52 -27.58 1440 -30.11 -27.37 -27.76 -28.05 1460 -30.33 -27.31 -28.23 -27.61 1480 -30.38 -27.79 -27.37 -27.86 1500 -29.15 -28.82 -28.04 -27.60 1520 -30.22 -27.49 -27.90 -27.60 1540 -29.83 -27.95 -27.65 -27.25 1560 -29.95 -27.61 -27.34 -27.20 1580 -29.81 -27.90 -27.06 -27.11 1600 -29.18 -27.55 -27.34 -27.00 1620 -29.80 -27.80 -27.60 -27.71 1640 -29.77 -28.17 -27.09 -27.46 1660 -29.96 -27.41 -26.95 -27.65 1680 -29.84 -28.01 -27.18 -27.17 1700 -29.21 -28.00 -27.25 -27.41 1720 -29.40 -27.35 -27.60 -27.23 1740 -29.47 -28.39 -27.74 -27.29 1760 -30.09 -27.98 -27.59 -26.51 1780 -29.39 -28.42 -27.43 -27.19 1800 -29.53 -28.04 -27.72 -26.90 1820 -29.60 -27.81 -27.58 -27.08 1840 -30.17 -28.83 -27.66 -27.59 1860 -30.79 -27.53 -27.14 -28.22 1880 -30.11 -27.66 -27.61 -27.56 1900 -29.49 -28.61 -28.46 -27.18 1920 -30.57 -28.54 -27.03 -27.43 1940 -29.44 -27.52 -27.32 -27.74 1960 -30.99 -28.99 -28.11 -27.76 1980 -29.74 -27.11 -28.16 -29.00 2000 -28.30 -28.71 -28.87 -27.31 2020 -29.20 -27.79 -27.32 -27.56 2040 -29.50 -27.92 -26.98 -26.73 2060 -29.47 -27.07 -27.42 -27.30 2080 -29.51 -27.60 -26.88 -26.54 2100 -30.31 -28.09 -27.16 -27.33 2120 -29.97 -28.20 -27.32 -27.39 2140 -29.19 -28.83 -27.39 -27.75 2160 -31.29 -27.54 -27.11 -27.72 2180 -30.12 -28.41 -27.77 -27.00 2200 -30.04 -27.87 -27.78 -27.32 2220 -28.88 -26.71 -27.47 -27.79 2240 -29.19 -27.97 -28.20 -27.39 2260 -30.07 -27.14 -28.22 -27.83 2280 -29.33 -27.35 -27.81 -27.94 2300 -29.51 -28.57 -28.21 -28.11 2320 -31.12 -27.87 -28.23 -28.16 2340 -30.43 -27.55 -28.44 -26.51 2360 -30.38 -28.31 -26.92 -26.49 2380 -29.81 -27.12 -27.32 -26.87 2400 -29.65 -27.47 -26.66 -27.08 2420 -30.42 -27.20 -26.64 -27.16 2440 -29.28 -27.88 -26.91 -27.18 2460 -29.47 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-27.92 -27.35 -27.45 11500 -27.15 -27.96 -27.25 -27.29 11520 -26.41 -28.13 -26.92 -27.09 11540 -26.04 -28.30 -27.27 -27.19 11560 -26.56 -28.26 -27.36 -27.48 11580 -26.65 -28.34 -27.34 -27.29 11600 -26.97 -28.66 -27.51 -27.50 11620 -26.42 -29.04 -27.94 -28.07 11640 -26.95 -29.48 -27.90 -27.68 11660 -26.60 -30.20 -27.84 -27.82 11680 -26.65 -30.58 -28.02 -28.53 11700 -27.01 -31.41 -30.45 -31.08 4. Match points used for synchronization of Agassiz ice cores to GICC05 Original File Agassiz_match_points_april2008 available at: http://www.iceandclimate.nbi.ku.dk/data/ The file contains the match points used for the transfer of the GICC05 time scale from NGRIP and GRIP to Renland. The Agassiz ice cores have been matched to NGRIP using mainly volcanic markers. The uncertainty of the match points is discussed in the main reference (Vinther et al. 2008). The uncertainty of the GICC05 time scale is discussed in the Vinther et al. (2006) and Rasmussen et al. (2006) GICC05 references. GICC05 A77 A79 A84 Match Age Depth Depth Depth point (yr b2k) (m) (m) (m) type 88 NaN NaN 15.14 Volc. Ref. 217 48.63 28.85 29.71 Volc. Ref. 741 118.71 59.02 57.67 Volc. Ref. 1471 187.59 72.89 68.85 Volc. Ref. 1741 207.00 75.84 72.38 Volc. Ref. 4049 272.56 93.95 88.94 Volc. Ref. 4932 288.00 100.82 94.41 Volc. Ref. 5301 292.32 103.08 96.21 Volc. Ref. 7246 307.64 113.52 103.18 Volc. Ref. 7635 309.94 114.95 104.15 Volc. Ref. 8236 311.79 116.38 105.73 Volc. Ref. 8582 313.58 117.70 106.84 Volc. Ref. 8756 314.47 118.71 107.54 Volc. Ref. 10475 324.02 NaN NaN Clim./Volc. Ref. (Age from A84, not NGRIP) 11305 NaN NaN 114.91 Volc. Ref. 11609 NaN 128.30 NaN Volc. Ref. 11703 327.88 128.40 115.55 Clim. Trans.