# Greenland Ice Sheet Holocene d18O, Temperature, and Surface Elevation #----------------------------------------------------------------------- # World Data Service for Paleoclimatology, Boulder # and # NOAA Paleoclimatology Program # National Centers for Environmental Information (NCEI) #----------------------------------------------------------------------- # Template Version 4.0 # Encoding: UTF-8 # NOTE: Please cite original publication, NOAA Landing Page URL, dataset and publication DOIs (where available), and date accessed when using downloaded data. If there is no publication information, please cite investigator, study title, NOAA Landing Page URL, and date accessed. # # Description/Documentation lines begin with # # Data lines have no # # # NOAA_Landing_Page: https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/access/paleo-search/study/11148 # Landing_Page_Description: NOAA Landing Page of this file's parent study, which includes all study metadata. # # Study_Level_JSON_Metadata: https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/pub/data/metadata/published/paleo/json/noaa-icecore-11148.json # Study_Level_JSON_Description: JSON metadata of this data file's parent study, which includes all study metadata. # # Data_Type: Ice Cores # # Dataset_DOI: 10.25921/bvxd-nz36 # # Science_Keywords: #-------------------- # Resource_Links # # Data_Download_Resource: https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/icecore/greenland/vinther2009greenland-Renland-noaa.txt # Data_Download_Description: NOAA Template File; Oxygen Isotope Data # #-------------------- # Contribution_Date # Date: 2011-04-29 #-------------------- # File_Last_Modified_Date # Date: 2023-07-14 #-------------------- # Title # Study_Name: Greenland Ice Sheet Holocene d18O, Temperature, and Surface Elevation #-------------------- # Investigators # Investigators: Vinther, B.M.; Buchardt, S.L.; Clausen, H.B.; Dahl-Jensen, D.; Johnsen, S.J.; Fisher, D.A.; Koerner, R.M.; Raynaud, D.; Lipenkov, V.Y.; Andersen, K.K.; Blunier, T.; Rasmussen, S.O.; Steffensen, J.P.; Svensson, A.M. #-------------------- # Description_Notes_and_Keywords # Description: Oxygen isotope data and uplift correction plus surface temperature reconstruction and elevation calculations for 6 Greenland ice cores over the Holocene. The dating of the 0-7.9 ka b2k part is described in Vinther et al. 2006 (doi:10.1029/2005JD006921). The dating of the 7.9-14.7 ka b2k part is described in Rasmussen et al. 2006 (doi:10.1029/2005JD006079). The dating of the A84, A87 and Renland cores is described in Vinther et al. 2008 (doi:10.1029/2007JD009143). The dating of the Camp Century core is described in the supplementary information to Vinther et al. 2009 (doi:10.1038/nature08355). The Renland uplift history is derived from: S. Funder. 1978. Holocene stratigraphy and vegetation history in the Scoresby Sund area, East Greenland. Grønl. Geol. Unders. Bull. 129. The Agassiz uplift history is derived from: A.S. Dyke and W.R. Peltier. 2000. Forms, response times and variability of relative sealevel curves, glaciated North America. Geomorphology, 32, 315-333, 2000. # Site locations: # A84/A87 ice cores, Canada: 80.7°N, 73.1°W, 1730m elev. # Camp Century core, Greenland: 77°10'N, 61°08'W, 1890m elev. # NGRIP ice core, Greenland: 75.1°N, 42.3°W, 2920m elev. # GRIP ice core, Greenland: 72°35'N, 37°38'W, 3230m elev. # Renland ice core, Greenland: 71.27°N, 26.73°W, 2350m elev. # DYE-3 ice core, Greenland: 65°11'N, 43°49'W, 2490m elev. #-------------------- # Publication # Authors: Vinther, B.M., S.L. Buchardt, H.B. Clausen, D. Dahl-Jensen, S.J. Johnsen, D.A. Fisher, R.M. Koerner, D. Raynaud, V. Lipenkov, K.K. Andersen, T. Blunier, S.O. Rasmussen, J.P. Steffensen, and A.M. Svensson # Published_Date_or_Year: 2009-09-17 # Published_Title: Holocene thinning of the Greenland ice sheet # Journal_Name: Nature # Volume: 461 # Edition: # Issue: # Pages: 385-388 # Report_Number: # DOI: 10.1038/nature08355 # Publication_Place: # Publisher: # ISBN: # Online_Resource: # Other_Reference_Details: # Full_Citation: # Abstract: On entering an era of global warming, the stability of the Greenland ice sheet (GIS) is an important concern, especially in the light of new evidence of rapidly changing flow and melt conditions at the GIS margins. Studying the response of the GIS to past climatic change may help to advance our understanding of GIS dynamics. The previous interpretation of evidence from stable isotopes (d18O) in water from GIS ice cores was that Holocene climate variability on the GIS differed spatially and that a consistent Holocene climate optimum - the unusually warm period from about 9,000 to 6,000 years ago found in many northern latitude palaeoclimate records - did not exist. Here we extract both the Greenland Holocene temperature history and the evolution of GIS surface elevation at four GIS locations. We achieve this by comparing d18O from GIS ice cores with d18O from ice cores from small marginal icecaps. Contrary to the earlier interpretation of d18O evidence from ice cores, our new temperature history reveals a pronounced Holocene climatic optimum in Greenland coinciding with maximum thinning near the GIS margins. Our d18O-based results are corroborated by the air content of ice cores, a proxy for surface elevation. State-of-the-art ice sheet models are generally found to be underestimating the extent and changes in GIS elevation and area; our findings may help to improve the ability of models to reproduce the GIS response to Holocene climate. #-------------------- # Publication # Authors: B.M. Vinther, H.B. Clausen, S.J. Johnsen, S.O. Rasmussen, K.K. Andersen, S.L. Buchardt, D. Dahl-Jensen, I.K. Seierstad, M.-L. Siggaard-Andersen, J.P. Steffensen, A.M. Svensson, J. Olsen, and J. Heinemeier # Published_Date_or_Year: 2006-07-16 # Published_Title: A synchronized dating of three Greenland ice cores throughout the Holocene # Journal_Name: Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres # Volume: 111 # Edition: # Issue: D13 # Pages: # Report_Number: D13102 # DOI: 10.1029/2005JD006921 # Publication_Place: # Publisher: # ISBN: # Online_Resource: # Other_Reference_Details: # Full_Citation: # Abstract: As part of the effort to create the new Greenland Ice Core Chronology 2005 (GICC05) a synchronized stratigraphical timescale for the Holocene parts of the DYE-3, Greenland Ice Core Project (GRIP), and North Greenland Ice Core Project (NGRIP) ice cores is made by using volcanic reference horizons in electrical conductivity measurements to match the cores. The main annual layer counting is carried out on the most suited records only, exploiting that the three ice cores have been drilled at locations with different climatic conditions and differences in ice flow. However, supplemental counting on data from all cores has been performed between each set of reference horizons in order to verify the validity of the match. After the verification, the main dating is transferred to all records using the volcanic reference horizons as tie points. An assessment of the mean annual layer thickness in each core section confirms that the new synchronized dating is consistent for all three cores. The data used for the main annual layer counting of the past 7900 years are the DYE-3, GRIP, and NGRIP stable isotope records. As the high accumulation rate at the DYE-3 drill site makes the seasonal cycle in the DYE-3 stable isotopes very resistant to firn diffusion, an effort has been made to extend the DYE-3 Holocene record. The new synchronized dating relies heavily on this record of ~75,000 stable isotope samples. The dating of the early Holocene consists of an already established part of GICC05 for GRIP and NGRIP which has now been transferred to the DYE-3 core. GICC05 dates the Younger Dryas termination, as defined from deuterium excess, to 11,703 years before A. D. 2000 (b2k), 130 years earlier than the previous GRIP dating. #-------------------- # Publication # Authors: S.O. Rasmussen, K.K. Andersen, A.M. Svensson, J.P. Steffensen, B.M. Vinther, H.B. Clausen, M.-L. Siggaard-Andersen, S.J. Johnsen, L.B. Larsen, D. Dahl-Jensen, M. Bigler, R. Röthlisberger, H. Fischer, K. Goto-Azuma, M.E. Hansson, and U. Ruth # Published_Date_or_Year: 2006-03-27 # Published_Title: A new Greenland ice core chronology for the last glacial termination # Journal_Name: Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres # Volume: 111 # Edition: # Issue: D6 # Pages: # Report_Number: D06102 # DOI: 10.1029/2005JD006079 # Publication_Place: # Publisher: # ISBN: # Online_Resource: # Other_Reference_Details: # Full_Citation: # Abstract: We present a new common stratigraphic timescale for the North Greenland Ice Core Project (NGRIP) and GRIP ice cores. The timescale covers the period 7.9–14.8 kyr before present and includes the Bølling, Allerød, Younger Dryas, and early Holocene periods. We use a combination of new and previously published data, the most prominent being new high-resolution Continuous Flow Analysis (CFA) impurity records from the NGRIP ice core. Several investigators have identified and counted annual layers using a multiparameter approach, and the maximum counting error is estimated to be up to 2% in the Holocene part and about 3% for the older parts. These counting error estimates reflect the number of annual layers that were hard to interpret, but not a possible bias in the set of rules used for annual layer identification. As the GRIP and NGRIP ice cores are not optimal for annual layer counting in the middle and late Holocene, the timescale is tied to a prominent volcanic event inside the 8.2 kyr cold event, recently dated in the DYE-3 ice core to 8236 years before A. D. 2000 (b2k) with a maximum counting error of 47 years. The new timescale dates the Younger Dryas-Preboreal transition to 11,703 b2k, which is 100–150 years older than according to the present GRIP and NGRIP timescales. The age of the transition matches the GISP2 timescale within a few years, but viewed over the entire 7.9–14.8 kyr section, there are significant differences between the new timescale and the GISP2 timescale. The transition from the glacial into the Bølling interstadial is dated to 14,692 b2k. The presented timescale is a part of a new Greenland ice core chronology common to the DYE-3, GRIP, and NGRIP ice cores, named the Greenland Ice Core Chronology 2005 (GICC05). The annual layer thicknesses are observed to be log-normally distributed with good approximation, and compared to the early Holocene, the mean accumulation rates in the Younger Dryas and Bølling periods are found to be 47 ± 2% and 88 ± 2%, respectively. #-------------------- # Publication # Authors: Vinther, B.M., H.B. Clausen, D.A. Fisher, R.M. Koerner, S.J. Johnsen, K.K. Andersen, D. Dahl-Jensen, S.O. Rasmussen, J.P. Steffensen, and A.M. Svensson # Published_Date_or_Year: 2008-04-28 # Published_Title: Synchronizing ice cores from the Renland and Agassiz ice caps to the Greenland Ice Core Chronology # Journal_Name: Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres # Volume: 113 # Edition: # Issue: D8 # Pages: # Report_Number: D08115 # DOI: 10.1029/2007JD009143 # Publication_Place: # Publisher: # ISBN: # Online_Resource: # Other_Reference_Details: # Full_Citation: # Abstract: Four ice cores from the Agassiz ice cap in the Canadian high arctic and one ice core from the Renland ice cap in eastern Greenland have been synchronized to the Greenland Ice Core Chronology 2005 (GICC05) which is based on annual layer counts in the DYE-3, GRIP and NGRIP ice cores. Volcanic reference horizons, seen in electrical conductivity measurements (ECM) have been used to carry out the synchronization throughout the Holocene. The Agassiz ice cores have been matched to the NGRIP ice core ECM signal, while the Renland core has been matched to the GRIP ice core ECM signal, thus tying the cores to GICC05. Furthermore, it has been possible to synchronize the Renland ice core to NGRIP-GICC05 in the glacial period back to 60,000 years b2k (years before A.D. 2000), on the basis of a matching of transitions between stadials and interstadials. This work brings the total number of ice core records that have been rigorously tied to the GICC05 timescale up to nine. Renland annual layer thicknesses are increasing with depth during the period from 7 to 8.5 ka b2k, a highly unusual observation only matched by a similar thickness increase in the glacial section of the Renland core some 60 ka ago. Annual layer thicknesses in the Agassiz ice cores point to a well-developed Raymond bump in the Agassiz ice cap. #-------------------- # Funding_Agency # Funding_Agency_Name: # Grant: #-------------------- # Site_Information # Site_Name: Renland # Location: Greenland # Northernmost_Latitude: 71.27 # Southernmost_Latitude: 71.27 # Easternmost_Longitude: -26.73 # Westernmost_Longitude: -26.73 # Elevation_m: 2350 #-------------------- # Data_Collection # Collection_Name: Renland11k # Earliest_Year: 11650 # Most_Recent_Year: -10 # Time_Unit: cal yr BP # Core_Length_m: # Parameter_Keywords: oxygen isotopes # Notes: All ages are given in years b2k (years relative to A.D. 2000). Age values refer to the bottom of each interval. Thus the age value 60 b2k refer to the interval 40 - 60 b2k. Dating reference Vinther et al. (2008). Uplift correction reference: Funder (1978). #-------------------- # Chronology_Information # Chronology: # #-------------------- # Variables # # PaST_Thesaurus_Download_Resource: https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/PaST-thesaurus/SKOS/past-thesaurus-v1.0.rdf # PaST_Thesaurus_Download_Description: Paleoenvironmental Standard Terms (PaST) Thesaurus terms, definitions, and relationships in SKOS format. # # Variables format: Short_name what,material,error,units,seasonality,data_type,detail,method,data_format,additional_information # ## age_calBP2k ice age at sample start,,,calendar year before other datum,,ice cores,,,N,present defined as 2000 CE ## age_calBP1950 ice age at sample start,,,calendar year before present,,ice cores,,,N,present defined as 1950 CE ## d18O_smow delta 18O,bulk ice,,per mil SMOW,,ice cores,averaged,,N, ## d18Ocorr_smow delta 18O,bulk ice,,per mil SMOW,,ice cores,averaged;corrected,,N,corrected for uplift # #-------------------- # Data: # Data lines follow (have no #) # Data line format - tab-delimited text, variable short name as header # Missing_Values: age_calBP2k age_calBP1950 d18O_smow d18Ocorr_smow 40 -10 -27.14 -27.14 60 10 -26.76 -26.76 80 30 -26.94 -26.94 100 50 -27.86 -27.86 120 70 -27.63 -27.63 140 90 -27.23 -27.23 160 110 -27.74 -27.74 180 130 -27.77 -27.77 200 150 -27.49 -27.49 220 170 -27.38 -27.38 240 190 -27.47 -27.47 260 210 -27.74 -27.74 280 230 -27.65 -27.65 300 250 -27.97 -27.97 320 270 -27.07 -27.07 340 290 -27.26 -27.26 360 310 -27.35 -27.35 380 330 -27.63 -27.63 400 350 -27.56 -27.56 420 370 -27.34 -27.34 440 390 -27.61 -27.61 460 410 -27.13 -27.13 480 430 -27.01 -27.01 500 450 -27.50 -27.50 520 470 -27.32 -27.32 540 490 -27.48 -27.48 560 510 -26.73 -26.73 580 530 -27.58 -27.58 600 550 -26.71 -26.71 620 570 -26.72 -26.72 640 590 -27.60 -27.60 660 610 -27.63 -27.63 680 630 -27.00 -27.00 700 650 -27.17 -27.17 720 670 -27.71 -27.71 740 690 -27.46 -27.46 760 710 -27.78 -27.78 780 730 -27.32 -27.32 800 750 -27.00 -27.00 820 770 -27.50 -27.50 840 790 -26.52 -26.55 860 810 -27.23 -27.21 880 830 -27.19 -27.46 900 850 -27.32 -27.11 920 870 -27.33 -27.41 940 890 -27.48 -27.76 960 910 -27.62 -27.35 980 930 -27.27 -27.42 1000 950 -27.65 -27.15 1020 970 -27.02 -27.16 1040 990 -26.78 -26.81 1060 1010 -27.23 -27.29 1080 1030 -27.13 -27.16 1100 1050 -27.42 -27.39 1120 1070 -26.96 -26.92 1140 1090 -27.04 -27.07 1160 1110 -27.22 -27.03 1180 1130 -26.82 -26.90 1200 1150 -27.04 -27.52 1220 1170 -27.94 -27.88 1240 1190 -27.49 -26.51 1260 1210 -26.41 -26.96 1280 1230 -27.02 -27.20 1300 1250 -27.28 -27.42 1320 1270 -27.40 -27.67 1340 1290 -27.49 -27.28 1360 1310 -27.38 -27.52 1380 1330 -27.50 -27.07 1400 1350 -27.15 -27.29 1420 1370 -27.33 -27.46 1440 1390 -27.29 -27.02 1460 1410 -26.92 -26.89 1480 1430 -27.17 -27.27 1500 1450 -27.11 -26.97 1520 1470 -26.82 -27.20 1540 1490 -27.95 -27.86 1560 1510 -27.31 -26.97 1580 1530 -26.97 -26.71 1600 1550 -26.51 -26.45 1620 1570 -26.64 -27.11 1640 1590 -27.25 -27.26 1660 1610 -27.16 -27.26 1680 1630 -27.30 -26.86 1700 1650 -26.80 -27.73 1720 1670 -27.55 -26.79 1740 1690 -26.97 -27.59 1760 1710 -27.58 -27.33 1780 1730 -27.43 -27.62 1800 1750 -27.64 -27.50 1820 1770 -27.47 -27.43 1840 1790 -26.97 -26.89 1860 1810 -27.02 -27.25 1880 1830 -26.79 -26.53 1900 1850 -26.92 -27.33 1920 1870 -27.58 -27.73 1940 1890 -27.10 -26.81 1960 1910 -27.19 -27.08 1980 1930 -27.03 -27.21 2000 1950 -27.09 -26.96 2020 1970 -27.11 -27.16 2040 1990 -26.33 -26.10 2060 2010 -26.92 -26.98 2080 2030 -27.79 -27.70 2100 2050 -26.92 -26.96 2120 2070 -27.20 -27.09 2140 2090 -27.29 -27.37 2160 2110 -26.80 -26.73 2180 2130 -26.98 -27.14 2200 2150 -27.66 -27.45 2220 2170 -27.46 -27.59 2240 2190 -27.38 -27.45 2260 2210 -26.90 -26.85 2280 2230 -27.34 -27.27 2300 2250 -26.81 -26.97 2320 2270 -26.96 -26.95 2340 2290 -27.84 -27.89 2360 2310 -27.46 -27.56 2380 2330 -27.39 -27.34 2400 2350 -27.15 -27.40 2420 2370 -27.67 -26.85 2440 2390 -26.78 -27.32 2460 2410 -27.44 -27.16 2480 2430 -27.11 -27.77 2500 2450 -27.81 -27.62 2520 2470 -27.60 -26.65 2540 2490 -26.69 -26.79 2560 2510 -26.76 -26.74 2580 2530 -26.75 -26.92 2600 2550 -26.90 -27.09 2620 2570 -27.10 -27.49 2640 2590 -27.52 -26.83 2660 2610 -26.88 -26.96 2680 2630 -26.71 -26.76 2700 2650 -26.78 -26.75 2720 2670 -27.24 -27.60 2740 2690 -27.58 -27.34 2760 2710 -27.20 -27.25 2780 2730 -27.04 -26.84 2800 2750 -26.69 -27.03 2820 2770 -27.09 -27.13 2840 2790 -27.00 -26.70 2860 2810 -27.08 -27.33 2880 2830 -27.25 -27.02 2900 2850 -26.95 -26.88 2920 2870 -27.04 -27.18 2940 2890 -27.33 -27.24 2960 2910 -26.84 -26.77 2980 2930 -26.18 -26.36 3000 2950 -27.17 -27.04 3020 2970 -26.82 -26.91 3040 2990 -26.68 -26.70 3060 3010 -27.18 -27.15 3080 3030 -26.96 -26.95 3100 3050 -27.12 -27.12 3120 3070 -26.97 -26.97 3140 3090 -26.88 -26.86 3160 3110 -27.35 -27.36 3180 3130 -26.49 -26.37 3200 3150 -26.59 -26.82 3220 3170 -27.19 -27.17 3240 3190 -27.38 -27.14 3260 3210 -27.00 -27.02 3280 3230 -26.67 -26.59 3300 3250 -26.76 -27.13 3320 3270 -27.17 -26.74 3340 3290 -26.64 -26.81 3360 3310 -26.93 -26.93 3380 3330 -26.94 -27.28 3400 3350 -27.20 -26.63 3420 3370 -26.61 -26.91 3440 3390 -26.93 -26.95 3460 3410 -26.95 -26.87 3480 3430 -26.76 -26.60 3500 3450 -26.84 -26.89 3520 3470 -26.74 -27.17 3540 3490 -27.00 -26.61 3560 3510 -26.94 -26.79 3580 3530 -26.53 -27.22 3600 3550 -26.93 -26.44 3620 3570 -27.11 -26.18 3640 3590 -26.48 -26.39 3660 3610 -26.23 -26.42 3680 3630 -26.37 -26.62 3700 3650 -26.44 -26.56 3720 3670 -26.59 -26.61 3740 3690 -26.52 -26.94 3760 3710 -26.68 -26.78 3780 3730 -26.89 -26.47 3800 3750 -26.78 -27.20 3820 3770 -26.47 -27.09 3840 3790 -27.15 -26.82 3860 3810 -27.10 -26.69 3880 3830 -26.83 -26.50 3900 3850 -26.72 -26.21 3920 3870 -26.36 -26.69 3940 3890 -26.41 -26.24 3960 3910 -26.35 -26.76 3980 3930 -26.71 -26.44 4000 3950 -26.41 -26.44 4020 3970 -26.61 -26.96 4040 3990 -27.06 -27.02 4060 4010 -26.75 -26.66 4080 4030 -26.65 -26.66 4100 4050 -26.41 -26.51 4120 4070 -26.81 -27.07 4140 4090 -26.88 -26.69 4160 4110 -26.79 -26.42 4180 4130 -26.46 -26.40 4200 4150 -26.29 -26.67 4220 4170 -26.46 -26.68 4240 4190 -27.00 -26.69 4260 4210 -26.55 -27.01 4280 4230 -27.02 -26.56 4300 4250 -26.69 -26.84 4320 4270 -26.67 -26.95 4340 4290 -26.80 -26.98 4360 4310 -27.01 -26.51 4380 4330 -26.88 -26.51 4400 4350 -26.44 -26.04 4420 4370 -26.52 -26.40 4440 4390 -26.11 -26.71 4460 4410 -26.47 -26.53 4480 4430 -26.57 -26.02 4500 4450 -26.17 -26.84 4520 4470 -26.74 -26.56 4540 4490 -26.47 -27.01 4560 4510 -26.98 -26.93 4580 4530 -26.99 -26.52 4600 4550 -26.49 -26.15 4620 4570 -26.23 -26.46 4640 4590 -26.54 -26.70 4660 4610 -26.68 -26.93 4680 4630 -27.19 -27.15 4700 4650 -26.75 -26.67 4720 4670 -26.92 -26.92 4740 4690 -26.58 -26.52 4760 4710 -26.63 -26.79 4780 4730 -27.07 -27.09 4800 4750 -27.03 -26.94 4820 4770 -26.75 -26.16 4840 4790 -26.07 -26.55 4860 4810 -26.63 -26.73 4880 4830 -26.73 -26.33 4900 4850 -26.32 -26.47 4920 4870 -26.50 -26.33 4940 4890 -26.35 -26.45 4960 4910 -26.35 -27.00 4980 4930 -26.86 -26.36 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