# Bona-Churchill Alaska Ice Core 70 Year Black Carbon and Ammonium Data #----------------------------------------------------------------------- # World Data Service for Paleoclimatology, Boulder # and # NOAA Paleoclimatology Program # National Centers for Environmental Information (NCEI) #----------------------------------------------------------------------- # Template Version 4.0 # Encoding: UTF-8 # NOTE: Please cite original publication, NOAA Landing Page URL, dataset and publication DOIs (where available), and date accessed when using downloaded data. If there is no publication information, please cite investigator, study title, NOAA Landing Page URL, and date accessed. # # Description/Documentation lines begin with # # Data lines have no # # # NOAA_Landing_Page: https://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/paleo/study/35133 # Landing_Page_Description: # # Study_Level_JSON_Metadata: https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/pub/data/metadata/published/paleo/json/noaa-icecore-35133.json # Study_Level_JSON_Description: JSON metadata of this data file's parent study, which includes all study metadata. # # Data_Type: Ice Core # # Dataset_DOI: # # Science_Keywords: #-------------------- # Resource_Links # # Data_Download_Resource: https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/icecore/trop/bona-churchill/bona-churchill2022bc-ann.txt # Data_Download_Description: # # Supplemental_Download_Resource: # Supplemental_Description: # # Related_Online_Resource: # Related_Online_Description: # # Original_Source_URL: # Original_Source_Description: #-------------------- # Contribution_Date # Date: 2022-01-03 #-------------------- # File_Last_Modified_Date # Date: 2022-01-03 #-------------------- # Title # Study_Name: Bona-Churchill Alaska Ice Core 70 Year Black Carbon and Ammonium Data #-------------------- # Investigators # Investigators: Sierra-Hernández, M.R.; Beaudon, E.; Porter, S.E.; Mosley-Thompson, E.; Thompson, L.G. #-------------------- # Description_Notes_and_Keywords # Description: Black carbon and ammonium data from the Bona-Churchill col, Alaska ice core for 1933 - 2001 CE. #-------------------- # Publication # Authors: M. Roxana Sierra-Hernández, Emilie Beaudon, Stacy E. Porter, Ellen Mosley-Thompson, Lonnie G. Thompson # Published_Date_or_Year: 2022-01-09 # Published_Title: Increased Fire Activity in Alaska since the 1980s: Evidence from an Ice Core-derived Black Carbon Record # Journal_Name: Journal of Geophysical Research - Atmospheres # Volume: # Edition: e2021JD035668 # Issue: # Pages: # Report_Number: # DOI: 10.1029/2021JD035668 # Publication_Place: # Publisher: # ISBN: # Online_Resource: https://agupubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1029/2021JD035668 # Other_Reference_Details: # Full_Citation: # Abstract: Wildfires emit large quantities of particles that affect Earth's climate and human health. Black carbon (BC), commonly known as soot, is directly emitted to the atmosphere by wildfires and other processes and can be transported and deposited in remote regions including high-altitude glaciers and the Polar Regions. Here, we present a continuous, high-resolution record of BC and ammonium (NH4+) from 1933 to 2001 extracted from two ice cores retrieved in 2002 from the col between Mt. Bona and Mt. Churchill in the Wrangell-St. Elias Mountain Range, southeast Alaska. Despite the substantial increase of BC from fossil fuels in the Arctic since the Industrial Revolution, BC at Bona-Churchill originates primarily from biomass burning and thus provides a record reflecting a fire history for Alaska. The BC record from Bona-Churchill reveals that high fire activity became more frequent after 1984 in agreement with Alaska fire records. Most years associated with high BC or high NH4+ before 1984 occurred during El Niño events when precipitation in Alaska was below "normal," suggesting that precipitation played an important role in modulating fire activity in Alaska prior to the 1980s. Conversely, years with high BC or NH4+ after 1984 coincided with years with "normal" and low precipitation, but elevated temperatures, strongly suggesting that temperature became a more dominant factor influencing fire activity in Alaska after the 1980s as suggested by other studies. Recent Alaska fire records and temperatures indicate that this trend has continued in the 21st century. #-------------------- # Funding_Agency # Funding_Agency_Name: US National Science Foundation # Grant: NSF‐OPP‐0099311 #------------------ # Site_Information # Site_Name: Bona-Churchill col # Location: North America>United States Of America>Alaska # Northernmost_Latitude: 61.40 # Southernmost_Latitude: 61.40 # Easternmost_Longitude: -141.70 # Westernmost_Longitude: -141.70 # Elevation: 4420 m #------------------ # Data_Collection # Collection_Name: Bona-ChurchillCore2BlackCarbonAnnual # Earliest_Year: 1933 # Most_Recent_Year: 2001 # Time_Unit: Year Common Era # Core_Length_m: 118 # Parameter_Keywords: chemistry # Notes: These data originate from Core 2, please see manuscript for details #-------------------- # Chronology_Information # Chronology: # #-------------------- # Variables # # PaST_Thesaurus_Download_Resource: https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/PaST-thesaurus/SKOS/past-thesaurus-v1.0.rdf # PaST_Thesaurus_Download_Description: Paleoenvironmental Standard Terms (PaST) Thesaurus terms, definitions, and relationships in SKOS format. # # Variables format: Short_name what,material,error,units,seasonality,data_type,detail,method,data_format,additional_information # ## Year age, , , year Common Era, , ice cores, averaged, ,N, ## BC black carbon, bulk ice, , nanogram per gram, annual, ice cores, averaged, ,N, annual average ## BCflux black carbon, bulk ice, , milligram per square meter per year, annual, ice cores, , ,N, BC Flux # #-------------------- # Data: # Data lines follow (have no #) # Data line format - tab-delimited text, variable short name as header # Missing_Values: # Year BC BCflux 1933 3.8 9.68 1934 2.2 5.23 1935 2.5 5.29 1936 2.3 6.36 1937 1.2 3.21 1938 1.0 1.01 1939 1.3 1.39 1940 2.0 3.12 1941 3.4 5.70 1942 3.2 3.13 1943 1.8 1.74 1944 1.4 2.32 1945 1.9 3.54 1946 2.2 2.98 1947 4.3 6.47 1948 3.8 4.83 1949 2.1 2.97 1950 3.7 6.31 1951 2.8 3.94 1952 0.9 1.73 1953 1.1 1.95 1954 2.0 2.92 1955 1.0 1.18 1956 4.0 3.81 1957 1.2 1.49 1958 1.9 3.53 1959 2.1 2.54 1960 1.8 2.13 1961 1.3 2.01 1962 1.4 1.84 1963 2.3 2.75 1964 1.5 2.18 1965 2.9 4.46 1966 2.1 2.23 1967 3.1 3.79 1968 1.3 1.85 1969 5.0 5.65 1970 1.7 2.25 1971 9.6 15.27 1972 4.0 6.65 1973 3.0 5.22 1974 1.9 3.77 1975 2.0 2.78 1976 1.4 1.94 1977 2.3 3.28 1978 2.0 3.01 1979 2.4 3.32 1980 1.1 1.73 1981 2.9 4.42 1982 3.2 2.86 1983 1.2 1.27 1984 1.7 2.53 1985 1.9 3.05 1986 1.3 2.10 1987 2.6 4.05 1988 3.1 5.69 1989 1.7 3.27 1990 3.5 7.45 1991 3.0 5.44 1992 5.9 8.24 1993 5.1 6.84 1994 6.9 8.61 1995 5.5 5.13 1996 3.4 2.52 1997 5.3 3.47 1998 5.9 2.99 1999 10.3 7.96 2000 3.2 4.61 2001 2.1 2.49