# Bona-Churchill Alaska Ice Core 70 Year Black Carbon and Ammonium Data #----------------------------------------------------------------------- # World Data Service for Paleoclimatology, Boulder # and # NOAA Paleoclimatology Program # National Centers for Environmental Information (NCEI) #----------------------------------------------------------------------- # Template Version 4.0 # Encoding: UTF-8 # NOTE: Please cite original publication, NOAA Landing Page URL, dataset and publication DOIs (where available), and date accessed when using downloaded data. If there is no publication information, please cite investigator, study title, NOAA Landing Page URL, and date accessed. # # Description/Documentation lines begin with # # Data lines have no # # # NOAA_Landing_Page: https://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/paleo/study/35133 # Landing_Page_Description: # # Study_Level_JSON_Metadata: https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/pub/data/metadata/published/paleo/json/noaa-icecore-35133.json # Study_Level_JSON_Description: JSON metadata of this data file's parent study, which includes all study metadata. # # Data_Type: Ice Core # # Dataset_DOI: # # Science_Keywords: #-------------------- # Resource_Links # # Data_Download_Resource: https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/icecore/trop/bona-churchill/bona-churchill2022nh4-ann.txt # Data_Download_Description: # # Supplemental_Download_Resource: # Supplemental_Description: # # Related_Online_Resource: # Related_Online_Description: # # Original_Source_URL: # Original_Source_Description: #-------------------- # Contribution_Date # Date: 2022-01-03 #-------------------- # File_Last_Modified_Date # Date: 2022-01-03 #-------------------- # Title # Study_Name: Bona-Churchill Alaska Ice Core 70 Year Black Carbon and Ammonium Data #-------------------- # Investigators # Investigators: Sierra-Hernández, M.R.; Beaudon, E.; Porter, S.E.; Mosley-Thompson, E.; Thompson, L.G. #-------------------- # Description_Notes_and_Keywords # Description: Black carbon and ammonium data from the Bona-Churchill col, Alaska ice core for 1933 - 2001 CE. #-------------------- # Publication # Authors: M. Roxana Sierra-Hernández, Emilie Beaudon, Stacy E. Porter, Ellen Mosley-Thompson, Lonnie G. Thompson # Published_Date_or_Year: 2022-01-09 # Published_Title: Increased Fire Activity in Alaska since the 1980s: Evidence from an Ice Core-derived Black Carbon Record # Journal_Name: Journal of Geophysical Research - Atmospheres # Volume: # Edition: e2021JD035668 # Issue: # Pages: # Report_Number: # DOI: 10.1029/2021JD035668 # Publication_Place: # Publisher: # ISBN: # Online_Resource: https://agupubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1029/2021JD035668 # Other_Reference_Details: # Full_Citation: # Abstract: Wildfires emit large quantities of particles that affect Earth's climate and human health. Black carbon (BC), commonly known as soot, is directly emitted to the atmosphere by wildfires and other processes and can be transported and deposited in remote regions including high-altitude glaciers and the Polar Regions. Here, we present a continuous, high-resolution record of BC and ammonium (NH4+) from 1933 to 2001 extracted from two ice cores retrieved in 2002 from the col between Mt. Bona and Mt. Churchill in the Wrangell-St. Elias Mountain Range, southeast Alaska. Despite the substantial increase of BC from fossil fuels in the Arctic since the Industrial Revolution, BC at Bona-Churchill originates primarily from biomass burning and thus provides a record reflecting a fire history for Alaska. The BC record from Bona-Churchill reveals that high fire activity became more frequent after 1984 in agreement with Alaska fire records. Most years associated with high BC or high NH4+ before 1984 occurred during El Niño events when precipitation in Alaska was below "normal," suggesting that precipitation played an important role in modulating fire activity in Alaska prior to the 1980s. Conversely, years with high BC or NH4+ after 1984 coincided with years with "normal" and low precipitation, but elevated temperatures, strongly suggesting that temperature became a more dominant factor influencing fire activity in Alaska after the 1980s as suggested by other studies. Recent Alaska fire records and temperatures indicate that this trend has continued in the 21st century. #-------------------- # Funding_Agency # Funding_Agency_Name: US National Science Foundation # Grant: NSF‐OPP‐0099311 #------------------ # Site_Information # Site_Name: Bona-Churchill col # Location: North America>United States Of America>Alaska # Northernmost_Latitude: 61.40 # Southernmost_Latitude: 61.40 # Easternmost_Longitude: -141.70 # Westernmost_Longitude: -141.70 # Elevation: 4420 m #------------------ # Data_Collection # Collection_Name: Bona-ChurchillCore1ammonium-annual # Earliest_Year: 1933 # Most_Recent_Year: 2001 # Time_Unit: Year Common Era # Core_Length_m: 118 # Parameter_Keywords: chemistry # Notes: These data originate from Core 1, please see manuscript for details #-------------------- # Chronology_Information # Chronology: # #-------------------- # Variables # # PaST_Thesaurus_Download_Resource: https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/PaST-thesaurus/SKOS/past-thesaurus-v1.0.rdf # PaST_Thesaurus_Download_Description: Paleoenvironmental Standard Terms (PaST) Thesaurus terms, definitions, and relationships in SKOS format. # # Variables format: Short_name what,material,error,units,seasonality,data_type,detail,method,data_format,additional_information # ## Year age, , , year Common Era, , ice cores, , ,N, ## NH4ann ammonium, bulk ice, , nanogram per gram, annual, ice cores, , ,N, Annual Average ## NH4flux ammonium, bulk ice, , milligram per square meter per year, annual, ice cores, , ,N, NH4 Flux # #-------------------- # Data: # Data lines follow (have no #) # Data line format - tab-delimited text, variable short name as header # Missing_Values: # Year NH4ann NH4flux 1933 15.6 33.18 1934 10.3 28.00 1935 10.8 26.33 1936 12.3 34.64 1937 7.1 18.49 1938 7.0 8.15 1939 5.5 6.81 1940 17.5 28.96 1941 13.8 19.10 1942 6.5 5.76 1943 9.0 8.70 1944 6.5 11.05 1945 7.2 15.04 1946 5.6 8.36 1947 10.9 17.13 1948 15.5 22.13 1949 6.3 10.30 1950 10.9 20.05 1951 6.9 11.15 1952 6.2 12.41 1953 6.9 11.51 1954 6.4 9.32 1955 7.6 10.82 1956 12.9 14.17 1957 6.6 10.23 1958 9.3 16.67 1959 8.3 10.84 1960 8.4 12.12 1961 7.4 11.41 1962 9.0 14.03 1963 10.4 15.55 1964 8.6 14.74 1965 10.0 18.78 1966 12.3 15.54 1967 10.8 15.20 1968 7.9 11.81 1969 29.0 36.16 1970 8.8 12.75 1971 21.7 41.20 1972 10.6 17.20 1973 18.0 33.12 1974 11.3 21.54 1975 9.2 16.12 1976 11.3 19.59 1977 13.5 23.48 1978 11.3 18.27 1979 11.2 16.24 1980 8.3 14.09 1981 13.3 21.64 1982 13.9 18.75 1983 9.0 10.38 1984 9.1 13.44 1985 10.9 20.12 1986 9.5 17.52 1987 11.2 20.42 1988 14.8 27.67 1989 11.6 21.68 1990 12.0 26.39 1991 10.2 22.57 1992 12.2 18.29 1993 13.3 18.71 1994 13.8 19.08 1995 11.5 12.23 1996 13.0 10.12 1997 15.7 9.82 1998 40.3 23.57 1999 27.5 25.68 2000 11.3 15.86 2001 18.3 22.35