# Dasuopu, China 500 Year Ice Core Trace Element Data #----------------------------------------------------------------------- # World Data Service for Paleoclimatology, Boulder # and # NOAA Paleoclimatology Program # National Centers for Environmental Information (NCEI) #----------------------------------------------------------------------- # Template Version 3.0 # Encoding: UTF-8 # NOTE: Please cite Publication, and Online_Resource and date accessed when using these data. # If there is no publication information, please cite Investigators, Title, and Online_Resource and date accessed. # # Online_Resource: https://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/paleo/study/28510 # Description: NOAA Landing Page # Online_Resource: https://www1.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/icecore/trop/dasuopu/dasuopu2020elem-10yr.txt # Description: NOAA location of the template # # Original_Source_URL: # Description: # # Description/Documentation lines begin with # # Data lines have no # # # Archive: Ice Core # # Dataset DOI: # # Parameter_Keywords: chemistry #-------------------- # Contribution_Date # Date: 2020-02-10 #-------------------- # File_Last_Modified_Date # Date: 2020-02-10 #-------------------- # Title # Study_Name: Dasuopu, China 500 Year Ice Core Trace Element Data #-------------------- # Investigators # Investigators: Gabrielli, P; Wegner, A.; Sierra-Hernandez, R.M.; Beaudon, E.; Davis, M.; Barker, J.D.; Thompson, L.G. #-------------------- # Description_Notes_and_Keywords # Description: Trace element data from ice cores collected in Dasuopu, China. Raw concentration data are at annual or decadal resolution from Dasuopu 1997 core #3 for the past 500 years, and are based on freshly cut ice samples. # Included are also 10-year median concentrations, 10-year fluxes of trace elements, and 10-year median crustal enrichment factors (EFc). # 10-year median concentrations and EFc are calculated from the individual corresponding sample values as computed in Beaudon et al. Sci. Total Environ. 601-602:1349-1363. # 10 year fluxes are calculated in the ice (1499-1950 AD) as: 10-year median of annual fluxes. Annual fluxes are obtained by using reconstructed annual snow accumulation and average annual trace element concentrations from continous ice samples. # 10 year fluxes are calculated in firn (1950-1992 AD) using 10-year median of the reconstructed annual snow accumulation and 10 year-median of discrete trace element concentrations. # Time scale and reconstructed annual snow accumulation records are from Thompson et al. (2000) Science, 289, 1916-1919. #-------------------- # Publication # Authors: Paolo Gabrielli, Anna Wegner, M. Roxana Sierra-Hernández, Emilie Beaudon, Mary Davis, Joel D. Barker, and Lonnie G. Thompson # Published_Date_or_Year: 2020-02-10 # Published_Title: Early atmospheric contamination on the top of the Himalayas since the onset of the European Industrial Revolution # Journal_Name: Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences # Volume: # Edition: # Issue: # Pages: # Report_Number: # DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1910485117 # Online_Resource: https://www.pnas.org/content/early/2020/02/04/1910485117 # Full_Citation: # Abstract: Because few ice core records from the Himalayas exist, understanding of the onset and timing of the human impact on the atmosphere of the "roof of the world" remains poorly constrained. We report a continuous 500-y trace metal ice core record from the Dasuopu glacier (7,200 m, central Himalayas), the highest drilling site on Earth. We show that an early contamination from toxic trace metals, particularly Cd, Cr, Mo, Ni, Sb, and Zn, emerged at high elevation in the Himalayas at the onset of the European Industrial Revolution (~1780 AD). This was amplified by the intensification of the snow accumulation (+50% at Dasuopu) likely linked to the meridional displacement of the winter westerlies from 1810 until 1880 AD. During this period, the flux and crustal enrichment factors of the toxic trace metals were augmented by factors of 2 to 4 and 2 to 6, respectively. We suggest this contamination was the consequence of the long-range transport and wet deposition of fly ash from the combustion of coal (likely from Western Europe where it was almost entirely produced and used during the 19th century) with a possible contribution from the synchronous increase in biomass burning emissions from deforestation in the Northern Hemisphere. The snow accumulation decreased and dry winters were reestablished in Dasuopu after 1880 AD when lower than expected toxic metal levels were recorded. This indicates that contamination on the top of the Himalayas depended primarily on multidecadal changes in atmospheric circulation and secondarily on variations in emission sources during the last 200 y. #------------------ # Funding_Agency # Funding_Agency_Name: US National Science Foundation # Grant: ACP-1149239, MRI-0820779 #------------------ # Site_Information # Site_Name: Dasuopu # Location: Asia>Eastern Asia>China # Country: China # Northernmost_Latitude: 28.3833 # Southernmost_Latitude: 28.3833 # Easternmost_Longitude: 85.7167 # Westernmost_Longitude: 85.7167 # Elevation: 7200 #------------------ # Data_Collection # Collection_Name: Dasuopu2020elem-10yr # Earliest_Year: 1510 # Most_Recent_Year: 1990 # Time_Unit: Year CE # Core_Length: 143.1 # Notes: Dasuopu 1997 core #3: 10 year median trace element concentrations calculated between 1499 and 1992 AD #------------------ # Chronology_Information # Chronology: # The Dasupu core was dated by layer counting during the last 560 years through the distinct seasonal cycles in delta18O, dust, and NO-3. # The annual layer counting was confirmed at 42.2 m depth by the 1963 beta radioactivity signature from the 1962 atmospheric thermonuclear tests. #---------------- # Variables # # Data variables follow are preceded by "##" in columns one and two. # Data line variables format: one per line, shortname-tab-variable components (what, material, error, units, seasonality, data type,detail, method, C or N for Character or Numeric data, free text) # ## age_CE age, , , year Common Era, ,ice cores,,,N, thermal year ## Al Aluminum, ice, , picogram per gram, ,ice cores,,,N, ## As Arsenic, ice, , picogram per gram, ,ice cores,,,N, ## Ba Barium, ice, , picogram per gram, ,ice cores,,,N, ## Bi Bismuth, ice, , picogram per gram, ,ice cores,,,N, ## Cd Cadmium, ice, , picogram per gram, ,ice cores,,,N, ## Co Cobalt, ice, , picogram per gram, ,ice cores,,,N, ## Cr Chromium, ice, , picogram per gram, ,ice cores,,,N, ## Cs Cesium, ice, , picogram per gram, ,ice cores,,,N, ## Fe Iron, ice, , picogram per gram, ,ice cores,,,N, ## Ga Gallium, ice, , picogram per gram, ,ice cores,,,N, ## Mg Magnesium, ice, , picogram per gram, ,ice cores,,,N, ## Mn Manganese, ice, , picogram per gram, ,ice cores,,,N, ## Mo Molybdenum, ice, , picogram per gram, ,ice cores,,,N, ## Nb Niobium, ice, , picogram per gram, ,ice cores,,,N, ## Ni Nickel, ice, , picogram per gram, ,ice cores,,,N, ## Pb Lead, ice, , picogram per gram, ,ice cores,,,N, ## Rb Rubidium, ice, , picogram per gram, ,ice cores,,,N, ## Sb Antimony, ice, , picogram per gram, ,ice cores,,,N, ## Ti Titanium, ice, , picogram per gram, ,ice cores,,,N, ## Tl Thallium, ice, , picogram per gram, ,ice cores,,,N, ## U Uranium, ice, , picogram per gram, ,ice cores,,,N, ## V Vanadium, ice, , picogram per gram, ,ice cores,,,N, ## Zn Zinc, ice, , picogram per gram, ,ice cores,,,N, # #---------------- # Data: # Data lines follow (have no #) # Data line format - tab-delimited text, variable short name as header # Missing Values: # age_CE Al As Ba Bi Cd Co Cr Cs Fe Ga Mg Mn Mo Nb Ni Pb Rb Sb Ti Tl U V Zn 1990 1906 6.7 25.2 0.11 0.72 1.9 15.9 2.3 21493 3.6 1038 126 1.42 2.27 22.4 8.5 53 1.07 204 0.14 0.41 6.6 206 1980 75796 55.3 587.1 4.13 1.82 42.3 151.6 42.4 83378 35.8 38737 1753 1.86 31.29 108.5 224.1 425 4.35 9474 3.16 11.24 169.6 1004 1970 5337 15.1 26.7 0.18 0.16 2.6 17.0 3.0 4749 2.8 1961 74 0.69 1.71 21.9 11.8 23 0.71 382 0.15 0.52 10.5 150 1960 17633 18.1 155.6 1.05 1.12 10.7 37.5 13.5 19985 7.3 7730 466 3.29 7.75 27.4 43.7 101 1.38 1739 0.68 2.27 35.1 169 1950 13847 15.4 112.6 0.63 1.53 11.0 39.3 8.1 18436 6.2 10548 484 1.37 5.58 63.6 31.0 62 1.18 862 0.37 1.38 30.6 376 1940 3619 4.4 40.0 0.22 0.65 3.5 18.7 3.3 4050 3.9 2919 135 0.77 1.72 20.4 6.8 30 0.93 281 0.20 0.46 9.8 179 1930 3212 4.1 42.2 0.19 0.34 2.9 13.2 2.8 3056 3.4 2561 129 0.60 1.52 11.7 4.8 25 0.57 249 0.15 0.43 7.9 88 1920 2847 4.5 27.9 0.18 0.25 3.1 13.5 3.1 3203 2.3 2583 154 0.46 1.24 9.8 6.1 19 0.46 250 0.16 0.56 7.2 64 1910 7661 6.4 55.6 0.27 0.30 5.2 17.3 4.6 6666 4.4 3601 268 0.63 2.21 16.1 10.8 31 0.56 417 0.22 0.86 12.2 111 1900 3815 3.3 26.3 0.21 0.25 3.2 13.2 2.9 3978 2.4 2654 114 0.51 1.65 9.8 6.3 19 0.48 222 0.14 0.43 8.0 78 1890 5679 6.6 43.4 0.32 0.31 4.0 21.0 3.8 6003 3.7 4004 207 0.59 2.32 13.5 6.1 28 0.68 343 0.20 0.59 12.6 100 1880 5353 5.3 35.6 0.30 0.31 3.2 19.7 4.1 4607 4.0 2733 175 0.61 1.51 13.7 6.4 27 0.67 266 0.19 0.62 10.2 91 1870 3320 3.6 23.3 0.17 0.28 2.3 15.5 2.3 3107 2.7 2524 121 0.50 1.97 8.9 4.1 18 0.52 261 0.15 0.34 7.9 96 1860 2982 4.6 27.5 0.19 0.23 2.2 13.4 2.4 2868 2.6 1951 108 0.43 1.27 10.5 4.7 20 0.57 188 0.13 0.40 6.1 68 1850 3018 2.5 13.0 0.19 0.24 2.4 12.5 1.6 1924 2.1 1378 82 0.49 1.13 9.4 6.3 14 0.52 101 0.11 0.33 5.5 110 1840 4489 5.2 24.8 0.29 0.26 2.8 16.1 3.4 3277 2.5 2332 127 0.45 1.89 11.2 8.1 24 0.66 249 0.16 0.62 8.3 70 1830 6340 7.3 44.8 0.42 0.28 4.4 20.4 3.9 6661 2.7 5326 229 0.54 1.22 14.2 9.4 26 0.88 309 0.23 0.82 9.7 124 1820 3852 4.9 23.8 0.17 0.31 2.2 12.5 2.8 2885 3.6 1721 103 0.57 1.50 10.0 5.2 24 0.54 187 0.14 0.41 6.9 79 1810 6258 5.1 34.5 0.24 0.29 5.7 21.3 4.1 4962 3.9 2785 146 0.55 1.38 11.0 6.4 28 0.69 350 0.23 0.65 9.8 83 1800 7887 9.8 60.6 0.57 0.30 6.6 20.9 7.1 8647 3.1 5253 257 0.47 1.60 24.7 14.5 34 0.81 470 0.26 1.00 14.1 105 1790 4439 4.9 31.1 0.28 0.21 2.7 13.2 3.7 5270 1.5 3500 174 0.28 0.94 10.8 6.8 19 0.47 301 0.16 0.47 7.5 49 1780 5147 6.2 42.4 0.27 0.20 3.3 15.3 3.6 6040 1.8 3909 189 0.36 1.06 12.9 8.6 22 0.53 281 0.17 0.59 8.3 59 1770 10276 8.7 77.9 0.26 0.31 4.6 14.9 5.1 8529 4.3 5238 205 0.56 1.97 12.4 8.4 36 0.67 463 0.20 0.93 17.3 39 1760 14163 11.4 114.2 0.58 0.41 7.0 19.1 7.7 13182 5.5 7408 341 0.60 3.61 17.8 16.7 49 0.67 852 0.31 1.66 22.6 50 1750 14317 12.7 114.0 0.43 0.41 7.8 22.9 10.0 14957 6.1 8753 432 0.65 2.94 21.3 16.7 50 0.95 711 0.29 1.54 24.8 49 1740 6797 8.3 59.8 0.25 0.37 4.8 14.6 4.8 7741 4.6 4887 175 0.47 1.79 14.0 8.7 31 0.64 369 0.22 0.95 14.6 32 1730 16048 13.5 113.2 0.45 0.33 7.7 24.0 9.0 16709 6.7 8802 362 0.66 2.77 20.0 16.2 57 0.76 933 0.35 1.54 25.2 52 1720 9303 8.8 68.3 0.27 0.37 5.0 13.4 6.1 9364 4.1 5048 206 0.45 2.25 13.3 8.7 33 0.43 520 0.20 0.98 17.0 30 1710 15912 13.0 119.6 0.53 0.30 9.2 27.4 8.8 18609 6.2 9341 394 0.69 2.81 24.2 18.9 52 0.88 803 0.34 1.57 27.4 62 1700 13320 11.4 115.4 0.50 0.45 7.6 22.3 7.2 14268 6.4 7667 348 0.75 2.53 21.0 13.5 51 0.80 754 0.30 1.52 23.5 46 1690 12463 10.0 93.3 0.64 0.35 6.0 22.6 7.0 14197 6.2 7002 300 0.63 3.32 16.6 12.1 48 0.85 668 0.32 1.53 23.2 56 1680 14092 9.6 104.1 0.48 0.41 7.9 24.8 8.8 16712 5.1 7403 336 0.61 3.13 20.5 16.3 53 0.89 814 0.33 1.60 27.2 57 1670 10564 10.6 80.9 0.34 0.35 6.6 19.5 6.4 10759 5.4 6433 288 0.58 1.83 16.5 14.4 36 0.85 496 0.24 1.17 18.2 46 1660 18598 13.3 146.1 0.55 0.43 9.9 33.7 9.6 19077 7.9 8380 397 0.77 2.88 29.0 19.8 60 1.22 869 0.36 1.60 28.4 70 1650 21564 15.4 148.4 0.49 0.37 9.3 32.6 9.8 20723 8.1 11645 444 0.90 3.20 27.3 26.0 65 1.02 994 0.39 1.58 35.3 68 1640 16859 11.6 119.7 0.50 0.41 8.4 23.0 9.4 16163 6.1 8534 399 0.67 2.85 20.9 20.4 49 0.97 829 0.30 1.55 26.4 59 1630 18707 14.8 133.1 0.67 0.47 9.4 25.7 10.8 19019 6.9 8952 458 0.72 3.81 23.2 22.4 59 0.90 947 0.38 2.12 29.8 57 1620 13945 10.6 111.9 0.35 0.38 6.0 19.0 7.3 12610 5.9 6273 250 0.68 2.98 15.7 11.4 50 0.74 693 0.29 1.47 23.3 40 1610 10998 10.4 98.2 0.38 0.37 5.9 16.0 6.1 10354 5.0 6232 265 0.57 2.36 16.0 13.0 39 0.57 469 0.23 1.26 17.9 37 1600 12460 13.6 108.3 0.46 0.46 7.8 22.3 8.1 14990 6.0 8698 366 0.67 2.58 19.9 18.1 50 0.70 667 0.30 1.67 20.9 59 1590 16281 13.6 119.7 0.67 0.48 8.2 23.7 8.8 19801 5.4 9259 416 0.88 2.65 22.6 18.6 56 0.94 765 0.38 1.79 23.8 58 1580 21418 13.9 175.5 0.68 0.58 10.8 33.2 11.0 24967 9.7 12335 522 0.97 3.68 31.7 18.9 76 0.98 1055 0.46 2.12 40.1 76 1570 11455 10.6 93.0 0.43 0.43 7.6 21.4 7.5 12763 5.9 8850 344 0.67 2.80 19.3 14.7 51 0.62 761 0.31 1.48 21.1 67 1560 11274 10.0 90.2 0.49 0.34 6.6 20.5 7.5 13199 5.3 6298 299 0.55 2.63 17.7 13.2 48 0.73 700 0.29 1.47 20.7 47 1550 20198 19.4 147.6 0.73 0.45 9.4 32.1 13.2 21648 8.1 9600 456 0.81 3.80 28.4 23.2 79 0.91 1093 0.50 2.62 34.3 68 1540 24430 19.4 183.6 0.81 0.51 11.3 34.3 12.9 22507 8.7 11820 557 0.89 3.47 31.4 25.9 79 1.24 1120 0.49 2.80 35.0 84 1530 15424 12.6 128.6 0.64 0.46 8.0 25.3 9.1 16930 6.9 8240 387 0.79 3.82 21.0 15.8 67 0.79 1047 0.40 1.76 28.1 52 1520 12359 9.2 86.8 0.36 0.34 6.2 18.6 6.6 11924 5.6 5888 261 0.54 2.47 16.7 11.6 45 0.52 606 0.26 1.21 21.6 43 1510 15299 10.5 115.0 0.41 0.33 6.6 22.7 7.7 14073 6.1 7261 307 0.68 2.64 18.1 14.2 50 0.62 782 0.29 1.72 22.8 47