Dunde Ice Core 1500 Year d18O, Dust, Anion, and Accumulation Data ----------------------------------------------------------------------- World Data Center for Paleoclimatology, Boulder and NOAA Paleoclimatology Program ----------------------------------------------------------------------- NOTE: Please cite original reference when using these data, plus the data file URL and date accessed. NAME OF DATA SET: Dunde Ice Core 1500 Year d18O, Dust, Anion, and Accumulation Data LAST UPDATE: 5/2012 (Original receipt by WDC Paleo) CONTRIBUTORS: Thompson, L.G., E. Mosley-Thompson, H. Brecher, M. Davis, B. Leon, D. Les, P.-N. Lin, T. Mashiotta and K. Mountain. IGBP PAGES/WDCA CONTRIBUTION SERIES NUMBER: 2012-063 WDC PALEO CONTRIBUTION SERIES CITATION: Thompson, L.G., et al. 2012. Dunde Ice Core 1500 Year d18O, Dust, Anion, and Accumulation Data. IGBP PAGES/World Data Center for Paleoclimatology Data Contribution Series # 2012-063. NOAA/NCDC Paleoclimatology Program, Boulder CO, USA. ORIGINAL REFERENCE: Thompson, L.G., E. Mosley-Thompson, H. Brecher, M. Davis, B. Leon, D. Les, P.-N. Lin, T. Mashiotta, and K. Mountain. 2006. Abrupt tropical climate change: Past and present. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Vol. 103, No. 28, pp. 10536-10543, 11 July, 2006. DOI: 10.1073/pnas.0603900103 ABSTRACT: Three lines of evidence for abrupt tropical climate change, both past and present, are presented. First, annually and decadally averaged d18O and net mass-balance histories for the last 400 and 2,000 yr, respectively, demonstrate that the current warming at high elevations in the mid- to low latitudes is unprecedented for at least the last 2 millennia. Second, the continuing retreat of most mid- to low-latitude glaciers, many having persisted for thousands of years, signals a recent and abrupt change in the Earth’s climate system. Finally, rooted, soft-bodied wetland plants, now exposed along the margins as the Quelccaya ice cap (Peru) retreats, have been radiocarbon dated and, when coupled with other widespread proxy evidence, provide strong evidence for an abrupt mid-Holocene climate event that marked the transition from early Holocene (pre-5,000-yr-B.P.) conditions to cooler, late Holocene (post-5,000-yr-B.P.) conditions. This abrupt event, ~5,200 yr ago, was widespread and spatially coherent through much of the tropics and was coincident with structural changes in several civilizations. These three lines of evidence argue that the present warming and associated glacier retreat are unprecedented in some areas for at least 5,200 yr. The ongoing global-scale, rapid retreat of mountain glaciers is not only contributing to global sea-level rise but also threatening freshwater supplies in many of the world’s most populous regions. GEOGRAPHIC REGION: Tibetan Plateau PERIOD OF RECORD: 520 A.D. to 1987 A.D. FUNDING SOURCE: U.S. National Science Foundation, Division of Atmospheric and Geospace Sciences, grant ATM-8519794 DATA FILE URLS: ftp://ftp.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/icecore/trop/dunde/dunde2006.txt ftp://ftp.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/icecore/trop/dunde/dunde2006.xls DESCRIPTION: Dunde ice core oxygen isotopes, dust, major anions (chloride, nitrate, sulfate), decadal averages from ~500 A.D.-1987 A.D. Five year averages of net balance (accumulation) in water equivalent from 1606 to 1984 A.D. Note: The Core 3 decadal averages of dust and major ions (chloride, nitrate and sulfate) have not been published, but are included here. core location: Dunde Ice Cap, NE Tibetan Plateau: 38°06'N, 96°24'E, 5325 masl DATA: 1. Dunde Core 1 five-year averages of net balance (accumulation) 1606 A.D. to 1984 A.D. YearAD YearAD Accumulation Begin End m water eq. 1980 1984 0.314 1975 1979 0.464 1970 1974 0.512 1965 1969 0.470 1960 1964 0.494 1955 1959 0.484 1950 1954 0.448 1945 1949 0.446 1940 1944 0.464 1935 1939 0.402 1930 1934 0.377 1925 1929 0.464 1920 1924 0.499 1915 1919 0.635 1910 1914 0.509 1905 1909 0.554 1900 1904 0.415 1895 1899 0.392 1890 1894 0.308 1885 1889 0.432 1880 1884 0.553 1875 1879 0.411 1870 1874 0.312 1865 1869 0.314 1860 1864 0.377 1855 1859 0.295 1850 1854 0.333 1845 1849 0.378 1840 1844 0.343 1835 1839 0.520 1830 1834 0.378 1825 1829 0.363 1820 1824 0.412 1815 1819 0.386 1810 1814 0.404 1805 1809 0.415 1800 1804 0.296 1795 1799 0.353 1790 1794 0.530 1785 1789 0.341 1780 1784 0.412 1775 1779 0.445 1770 1774 0.446 1765 1769 0.419 1760 1764 0.443 1755 1759 0.411 1750 1754 0.514 1745 1749 0.474 1740 1744 0.497 1735 1739 0.381 1730 1734 0.410 1725 1729 0.474 1720 1724 0.481 1715 1719 0.446 1710 1714 0.539 1705 1709 0.463 1700 1704 0.489 1695 1699 0.463 1690 1694 0.404 1685 1689 0.486 1680 1684 0.430 1675 1679 0.502 1670 1674 0.425 1665 1669 0.497 1660 1664 0.387 1655 1659 0.406 1650 1654 0.377 1645 1649 0.409 1640 1644 0.394 1635 1639 0.363 1630 1634 0.454 1625 1629 0.478 1620 1624 0.484 1615 1619 0.480 1610 1614 0.421 1606 1609 0.466 2. Dunde Core 3 decadal averages of oxygen isotopes (520 A.D. to 1987 A.D.) Note: The portion of this ice core that is dated between 1750 and 1987 (top 56 meters) was melted and bottled in the field. The remainder of the core was returned to OSU-BPRC frozen. YearAD YearAD d18O Begin End per mille 1980 1987 -10.09 1970 1979 -10.33 1960 1969 -10.39 1950 1959 -9.74 1940 1949 -9.22 1930 1939 -9.62 1920 1929 -9.85 1910 1919 -9.74 1900 1909 -10.86 1890 1899 -10.16 1880 1889 -9.89 1870 1879 -11.63 1860 1869 -10.00 1850 1859 -10.08 1840 1849 -10.56 1830 1839 -10.24 1820 1829 -10.77 1810 1819 -10.70 1800 1809 -10.19 1790 1799 -10.60 1780 1789 -11.38 1770 1779 -11.63 1760 1769 -10.82 1750 1759 -10.19 1740 1749 -10.60 1730 1739 -10.51 1720 1729 -10.43 1710 1719 -9.74 1700 1709 -9.75 1690 1699 -10.02 1680 1689 -10.22 1670 1679 -11.56 1660 1669 -11.47 1650 1659 -12.18 1640 1649 -11.98 1630 1639 -10.44 1620 1629 -11.18 1610 1619 -12.40 1600 1609 -10.83 1590 1599 -10.61 1580 1589 -11.15 1570 1579 -10.24 1560 1569 -10.15 1550 1559 -11.13 1540 1549 -10.20 1530 1539 -11.56 1520 1529 -10.80 1510 1519 -10.06 1500 1509 -11.73 1490 1499 -10.48 1480 1489 -10.93 1470 1479 -11.56 1460 1469 -11.29 1450 1459 -11.06 1440 1449 -11.20 1430 1439 -10.69 1420 1429 -12.41 1410 1419 -10.89 1400 1409 -12.03 1390 1399 -12.80 1380 1389 -11.03 1370 1379 -11.31 1360 1369 -11.36 1350 1359 -12.83 1340 1349 -11.09 1330 1339 -11.27 1320 1329 -11.30 1310 1319 -10.10 1300 1309 -11.37 1290 1299 -11.23 1280 1289 -11.52 1270 1279 -10.93 1260 1269 -11.04 1250 1259 -10.76 1240 1249 -10.20 1230 1239 -10.69 1220 1229 -9.56 1210 1219 -9.84 1200 1209 -10.58 1190 1199 -9.88 1180 1189 -10.28 1170 1179 -10.86 1160 1169 -11.79 1150 1159 -11.76 1140 1149 -10.64 1130 1139 -11.60 1120 1129 -11.39 1110 1119 -11.12 1100 1109 -9.98 1090 1099 -9.64 1080 1089 -11.19 1070 1079 -10.49 1060 1069 -11.23 1050 1059 -10.80 1040 1049 -10.98 1030 1039 -11.64 1020 1029 -10.80 1010 1019 -10.74 1000 1009 -11.37 990 999 -11.39 980 989 -10.94 970 979 -11.95 960 969 -10.86 950 959 -10.92 940 949 -10.79 930 939 -12.42 920 929 -12.23 910 919 -10.49 900 909 -9.96 890 899 -10.59 880 889 -10.83 870 879 -9.52 860 869 -9.91 850 859 -10.83 840 849 -9.97 830 839 -9.89 820 829 -10.83 810 819 -11.04 800 809 -9.61 790 799 -11.93 780 789 -10.96 770 779 -10.64 760 769 -10.46 750 759 -10.78 740 749 -11.39 730 739 -10.97 720 729 -11.16 710 719 -10.80 700 709 -9.96 690 699 -10.60 680 689 -10.31 670 679 -10.72 660 669 -11.45 650 659 -11.40 640 649 -10.83 630 639 -10.68 620 629 -9.52 610 619 -10.33 600 609 -9.70 590 599 -10.00 580 589 -10.52 570 579 -10.61 560 569 -11.28 550 559 -10.64 540 549 -9.46 530 539 -10.67 520 529 -10.87 3. Dunde Core 3 decadal averages of dust (520 A.D. to 1987 A.D.) Note: The portion of this ice core that is dated between 1750 and 1987 (top 56 meters) was melted and bottled in the field. The remainder of the core was returned to OSU-BPRC frozen. Note: The Core 3 decadal averages of dust and major anions have not been published. YearAD YearAD Dust/mL Dust/mL Chloride Sulfate Nitrate Begin End 0.63-16um 2.00-60 um ppb ppb ppb diameter diameter 1980 1987 1541574 126893 1175 705 223 1970 1979 2056320 335808 879 863 213 1960 1969 2141547 199418 1333 1555 405 1950 1959 2835177 220187 1404 1125 419 1940 1949 1269101 116916 994 747 238 1930 1939 1743930 194401 1100 976 326 1920 1929 1549131 119721 753 457 189 1910 1919 2719299 276775 1117 433 147 1900 1909 1297542 126441 1172 642 239 1890 1899 2819143 218868 803 391 204 1880 1889 1663020 157621 1173 644 247 1870 1879 2004915 240045 1634 1303 315 1860 1869 1947671 252253 1134 888 179 1850 1859 1401180 109963 840 786 198 1840 1849 1244321 231230 935 961 237 1830 1839 2132553 290480 1506 1045 271 1820 1829 1277694 273998 1356 1103 300 1810 1819 2066589 396920 1235 654 167 1800 1809 3212258 1067075 1488 921 232 1790 1799 1892980 291661 1073 667 241 1780 1789 2310233 431416 966 428 146 1770 1779 1598993 308680 1103 651 197 1760 1769 1896248 232969 1175 903 261 1750 1759 2270314 334036 986 576 168 1740 1749 1523185 237423 1400 1209 303 1730 1739 1378880 232125 1280 1229 265 1720 1729 1603620 328125 1260 1058 291 1710 1719 1138217 186385 862 642 199 1700 1709 6948848 287623 1041 892 211 1690 1699 1861147 152051 1217 1281 320 1680 1689 1176057 121740 1008 815 209 1670 1679 1110075 120500 1003 1224 293 1660 1669 956512 85373 912 641 223 1650 1659 842056 73845 1045 792 260 1640 1649 1419840 146815 1116 1140 315 1630 1639 1216325 108965 839 721 209 1620 1629 970697 94505 936 899 268 1610 1619 1224260 98477 864 939 252 1600 1609 1085525 109838 792 556 221 1590 1599 1493442 95400 971 840 301 1580 1589 1378373 149655 1582 1121 269 1570 1579 1099120 95972 1783 1528 323 1560 1569 1148837 102519 1100 618 170 1550 1559 2439221 206251 2250 1694 401 1540 1549 1054972 145033 1680 1130 218 1530 1539 1017504 127280 998 682 297 1520 1529 2401419 215485 983 955 304 1510 1519 1534596 114418 1433 1298 280 1500 1509 2569146 158047 899 777 239 1490 1499 1203917 134829 835 685 194 1480 1489 998376 114583 783 692 268 1470 1479 1059216 144056 908 759 206 1460 1469 1161037 143050 1389 1272 369 1450 1459 857676 100287 839 548 218 1440 1449 1120567 129670 1237 899 297 1430 1439 1136088 130109 1060 1027 334 1420 1429 1237796 159099 1052 1247 394 1410 1419 1284664 153556 1057 998 310 1400 1409 1189746 170022 631 532 234 1390 1399 1014774 142935 873 1058 324 1380 1389 1207302 182655 1573 1807 413 1370 1379 1081764 150923 948 958 259 1360 1369 951137 133323 1029 1049 276 1350 1359 723086 95129 3285 5163 950 1340 1349 659206 96242 828 1022 269 1330 1339 954498 140939 723 668 266 1320 1329 1450689 173675 1507 1244 333 1310 1319 762129 101432 1980 1006 262 1300 1309 913718 158874 1012 772 244 1290 1299 777223 101455 1680 1435 279 1280 1289 1108638 215537 870 665 246 1270 1279 766099 129378 1235 843 151 1260 1269 818784 135855 1037 870 240 1250 1259 725274 114709 1122 764 264 1240 1249 1011432 165665 1633 903 298 1230 1239 1171003 141700 1092 784 237 1220 1229 756960 96574 2023 1370 329 1210 1219 1377894 189746 1320 971 322 1200 1209 879468 142017 1317 1203 288 1190 1199 1415040 217997 1090 1238 305 1180 1189 488037 66121 1007 616 210 1170 1179 727004 119422 886 520 239 1160 1169 702270 104378 1252 1028 343 1150 1159 759552 129804 1046 883 280 1140 1149 778166 121289 1468 1418 371 1130 1139 980383 137291 1276 966 273 1120 1129 626800 97040 1115 718 196 1110 1119 956908 191037 1140 635 212 1100 1109 628255 124496 1014 496 241 1090 1099 730853 94611 755 420 154 1080 1089 785016 136433 807 592 197 1070 1079 988611 153656 1453 1416 398 1060 1069 664560 99481 1035 513 156 1050 1059 380963 79327 1000 911 248 1040 1049 560016 78797 962 789 277 1030 1039 816570 142539 812 660 247 1020 1029 784468 101941 1059 1022 400 1010 1019 1243467 150696 960 885 301 1000 1009 673255 104102 1270 2132 332 990 999 938285 119840 1310 1400 396 980 989 940289 124491 754 987 216 970 979 998765 196357 824 675 232 960 969 520527 92215 699 711 272 950 959 401335 57423 968 1024 303 940 949 715985 114721 698 668 303 930 939 829964 126857 690 594 314 920 929 881937 96993 902 772 311 910 919 736842 121204 934 756 276 900 909 742821 103830 957 829 304 890 899 793063 102113 1193 949 270 880 889 893451 122445 1167 1005 361 870 879 1029429 146825 783 537 205 860 869 680949 94588 1090 855 246 850 859 830057 130152 837 530 182 840 849 949536 147262 1380 1143 378 830 839 1028331 200690 1350 1258 391 820 829 1035687 102754 981 859 275 810 819 864857 131085 1530 1031 241 800 809 664491 96096 1504 1278 371 790 799 931595 133884 1157 942 287 780 789 893472 140976 898 633 229 770 779 904275 143213 2271 2514 615 760 769 766752 119530 944 673 195 750 759 930768 148008 1800 1650 417 740 749 908448 154512 1247 924 346 730 739 890174 126828 956 1125 197 720 729 832032 123254 797 579 207 710 719 588672 116770 1037 1049 261 700 709 877008 178042 810 400 161 690 699 661536 78509 904 588 214 680 689 939648 179899 1295 1014 234 670 679 960705 139662 1160 661 240 660 669 491265 86567 785 529 189 650 659 590085 104220 1209 844 290 640 649 628110 90117 1260 1420 344 630 639 1251462 199507 1290 1305 311 620 629 1507824 247238 1680 1260 343 610 619 1163136 184973 1715 1690 309 600 609 1314384 219782 1750 2380 614 590 599 1096656 158357 1150 868 297 580 589 971949 170496 1300 1420 386 570 579 746736 76896 1490 1675 483 560 569 1065792 203314 1750 2120 533 550 559 1138652 209958 905 793 298 540 549 756332 117798 1260 577 259 530 539 1016595 149364 1350 726 198 520 529 1723005 229190 1000 819 298