# Guliya Ice Core, Tibet 340 Year Trace Elements Data #----------------------------------------------------------------------- # World Data Service for Paleoclimatology, Boulder # and # NOAA Paleoclimatology Program # National Centers for Environmental Information (NCEI) #----------------------------------------------------------------------- # Template Version 3.0 # Encoding: UTF-8 # NOTE: Please cite Publication, and Online_Resource and date accessed when using these data. # If there is no publication information, please cite Investigators, Title, and Online_Resource and date accessed. # # Online_Resource: https://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/paleo/study/28352 # Description: NOAA Landing Page # Online_Resource: https://www1.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/icecore/trop/guliya/guliya2018element.txt # Description: NOAA location of the template # # Original_Source_URL: # Description: # # Description/Documentation lines begin with # # Data lines have no # # # Archive: Ice Core # # Dataset DOI: # # Parameter_Keywords: chemistry #-------------------- # Contribution_Date # Date: 2019-11-10 #-------------------- # File_Last_Modified_Date # Date: 2019-11-10 #-------------------- # Title # Study_Name: Guliya Ice Core, Tibet 340 Year Trace Elements Data #-------------------- # Investigators # Investigators: Sierra-Hernández, M.R.; Gabrielli, P.; Beaudon, E.; Wegner, A.; Thompson, L.G. #-------------------- # Description_Notes_and_Keywords # Description: Guliya ice core 340 year trace elements data, including 5-year median concentration, enrichment factor (EF), and excess concentrations for Cd, Sb, Zn, Pb, Sn, Al, and Fe. # EF calculated using Potential Source Areas: Guliya PSA Average of 8 sites. #-------------------- # Publication # Authors: M. Roxana Sierra-Hernández, Paolo Gabrielli, Emilie Beaudon, Anna Wegner, Lonnie G. Thompson # Published_Date_or_Year: 2018-03-01 # Published_Title: Atmospheric depositions of natural and anthropogenic trace elements on the Guliya ice cap (northwestern Tibetan Plateau) during the last 340 years # Journal_Name: Atmospheric Environment # Volume: 176 # Edition: # Issue: # Pages: 91-102 # Report_Number: # DOI: 10.1016/j.atmosenv.2017.11.040 # Online_Resource: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1352231017307938 # Full_Citation: # Abstract: A continuous record of 29 trace elements (TEs) has been constructed between 1650 and 1991 CE (Common Era) from an ice core retrieved in 1992 from the Guliya ice cap, on the northwestern Tibetan Plateau. Enrichments of Pb, Cd, Zn and Sb were detected during the second half of the 19th century and the first half of the 20th century (~1850-1950) while enrichments of Sn (1965-1991), Cd and Pb (1975-1991) were detected during the second half of the 20th century. The EFs increased significantly by 20% for Cd and Sb, and by 10% for Pb and Zn during 1850-1950 relative to the pre-1850s. Comparisons of the Guliya TEs data with other ice core-derived and production/consumption data suggest that Northern Hemisphere coal combustion (primarily in Western Europe) is the likely source of Pb, Cd, Zn, and Sb during the 1850-1950 period. Coal combustion in Europe declined as oil replaced coal as the primary energy source. The European shift from coal to oil may have contributed to the observed Sn enrichment in ~1965 (60% EF increase in 1975-1991), although regional fossil fuel combustion (coal and leaded gasoline) from western China, Central Asia, and South Asia (India, Nepal), as well as Sn mining/smelting in Central Asia, may also be possible sources. The post-1975 Cd and Pb enrichments (40% and 20% EF increase respectively in 1975-1991) may reflect emissions from phosphate fertilizers, fossil fuel combustion, and/or non-ferrous metal production, from western China, Central Asia, and/or South Asia. Leaded gasoline is likely to have also contributed to the post-1975 Pb enrichment observed in this record. The results strongly suggest that the Guliya ice cap has recorded long-distance emissions from coal combustion since the 1850s with more recent contributions from regional agriculture, mining, and/or fossil fuel combustion. This new Guliya ice core record of TEs fills a geographical gap in the reconstruction of the pollution history of this region that extends well beyond modern instrumental records. #------------------ # Funding_Agency # Funding_Agency_Name: US National Science Foundation # Grant: 1149239 #------------------ # Site_Information # Site_Name: Guliya Ice Cap # Location: Asia>Eastern Asia>China # Country: China # Northernmost_Latitude: 35.2833 # Southernmost_Latitude: 35.2833 # Easternmost_Longitude: 81.4833 # Westernmost_Longitude: 81.4833 # Elevation: 6200 #------------------ # Data_Collection # Collection_Name: Guliya2018element # Earliest_Year: 1645 # Most_Recent_Year: 1991 # Time_Unit: Year CE # Core_Length: # Notes: Guliya ice core drilled in 1992 #------------------ # Chronology_Information # Chronology: # #---------------- # Variables # # Data variables follow are preceded by "##" in columns one and two. # Data line variables format: one per line, shortname-tab-variable components (what, material, error, units, seasonality, data type,detail, method, C or N for Character or Numeric data, free text) # ## age_CE age, , , year Common Era, , ice core, , ,N, ## Cd Cadmium, ice, , picogram per gram, , ice core, , ,N, ## Sb Antimony, ice, , picogram per gram, , ice core, , ,N, ## Zn Zinc, ice, , picogram per gram, , ice core, , ,N, ## Pb Lead, ice, , picogram per gram, , ice core, , ,N, ## Sn Tin, ice, , picogram per gram, , ice core, , ,N, ## Al Aluminum, ice, , picogram per gram, , ice core, , ,N, ## Fe Iron, ice, , picogram per gram, , ice core, , ,N, ## CdEF Cadmium Enrichment Factor, ice, , , , ice core, , ,N, Enrichment Factor relative to Fe ## SbEF Antimony Enrichment Factor, ice, , , , ice core, , ,N, Enrichment Factor relative to Fe ## ZnEF Zinc Enrichment Factor, ice, , , , ice core, , ,N, Enrichment Factor relative to Fe ## PbEF Lead Enrichment Factor, ice, , , , ice core, , ,N, Enrichment Factor relative to Fe ## SnEF Tin Enrichment Factor, ice, , , , ice core, , ,N, Enrichment Factor relative to Fe ## AlEF Aluminum Enrichment Factor, ice, , , , ice core, , ,N, Enrichment Factor relative to Fe ## CdEx Cadmium Excess Concentration , ice, , picogram per gram, , ice core, , ,N, ## SbEx Antimony Excess Concentration , ice, , picogram per gram, , ice core, , ,N, ## ZnEx Zinc Excess Concentration , ice, , picogram per gram, , ice core, , ,N, ## PbEx Lead Excess Concentration , ice, , picogram per gram, , ice core, , ,N, ## SnEx Tin Excess Concentration , ice, , picogram per gram, , ice core, , ,N, ## AlEx Aluminum Excess Concentration , ice, , picogram per gram, , ice core, , ,N, # #---------------- # Data: # Data lines follow (have no #) # Data line format - tab-delimited text, variable short name as header # Missing Values: # age_CE Cd Sb Zn Pb Sn Al Fe CdEF SbEF ZnEF PbEF SnEF AlEF CdEx SbEx ZnEx PbEx SnEx AlEx 1995 6.3 36.0 1248.3 454.0 29.6 400959 372260 1.7 1.0 1.1 1.0 2.9 1.2 2.1 9.3 95.6 121.7 7.9 13181 1990 5.2 23.4 1237.5 399.7 19.2 282383 339263 1.5 0.8 1.1 0.9 3.0 1.2 1.6 1 53.8 34.2 5.8 10225 1985 2.7 14.0 700.2 257.7 12.0 180500 227253 1.4 0.9 1.1 0.9 3.0 1.2 0.8 3.1 27.1 50.8 4.4 12210 1980 5.3 28.2 959.4 351.5 18.3 341177 291943 1.4 1.0 1.1 0.9 2.6 1.3 1.5 9.2 41.0 88.2 3.1 22771 1975 5.0 24.3 1471.6 443.5 17.6 399363 522006 1.1 0.7 1.0 0.7 2.4 1.1 0.5 1.1 17.1 2.2 3.4 -13271 1970 5.5 36.6 1296.0 502.6 19.2 305633 449189 1.2 1.1 1.1 0.9 2.2 1.0 0.9 11.4 69.7 88.0 3.3 -18575 1965 7.4 29.7 1861.5 578.1 22.4 474119 588318 1.2 0.6 1.1 0.7 2.1 1.1 0.7 -2.4 61.9 -14.1 2.1 -23776 1960 7.7 46.1 2000.3 715.6 27.7 571673 672466 1.1 0.9 1.1 0.8 1.6 1.0 0.6 8.6 78.8 39.4 -2.8 -23870 1955 7.3 72.1 2861.3 641.6 19.0 501315 608981 1.1 1.3 1.3 0.7 1.5 1.1 0.8 24.6 448.5 -23.1 -5.6 -13299 1950 8.9 45.7 2453.9 663.0 16.6 424800 520040 1.3 0.6 1.2 0.8 1.3 1.1 1.2 -1.8 210.6 55.9 -4.2 -14557 1945 8.7 29.8 2136.2 635.3 23.4 508522 645780 1.4 0.7 1.1 0.8 1.7 1.2 1.7 2 140.9 29.5 -1.4 7761 1940 3.9 16.5 775.6 243.4 11.6 211957 231961 1.3 0.8 1.1 0.9 2.3 1.2 1.0 1.8 72.6 27.6 2.6 6361 1935 22.0 151.4 6745.0 1209.2 25.6 1029824 1304615 1.3 1.1 1.3 0.8 0.9 1.1 4.3 46.5 1717.7 66.6 -25.2 -81909 1930 10.8 70.7 3130.8 853.1 21.1 521867 798335 1.4 1.5 1.2 0.9 1.2 1.0 1.9 29.7 547.1 88.2 -8.0 -69392 1925 5.5 39.4 1460.3 257.0 11.5 208686 274217 1.7 1.4 1.5 0.9 2.0 1.1 2.1 19.5 488.6 32.1 0.7 -6212 1920 7.6 49.3 2287.2 592.3 17.1 426997 539640 1.5 1.2 1.4 0.8 1.5 1.2 2.0 18.4 504.7 80.1 -2.2 -9068 1915 9.2 45.8 2746.3 815.6 18.4 565436 779746 1.3 0.9 1.3 0.8 1.4 1.2 1.7 5.8 439.1 27.2 -7.0 -3244 1910 9.1 61.2 1984.7 753.3 19.8 483087 593927 1.5 1.5 1.4 0.8 1.6 1.2 2.7 23.5 484.7 58.0 -3.2 17104 1905 9.9 48.6 2991.4 920.6 22.4 740214 1049850 1 0.6 1.1 0.7 1.1 1.1 -0.3 -4 73.2 -5.6 -14.6 -68735 1900 9.7 44.6 2603.2 863.1 22.4 635077 861341 1 0.5 1.1 0.8 1.2 1.1 -0.5 -8 219.5 32.9 -11.6 -44880 1895 3.7 21.2 994.3 319.9 12.4 229770 280707 1.4 0.9 1.2 0.9 2.2 1.2 1.1 4.2 146.4 65.3 1.8 3734 1890 7.4 51.4 2299.1 514.6 17.5 420503 600009 1.4 1.0 1.2 0.9 1.5 1.1 1.7 7.9 295.8 53.4 -3.2 -40415 1885 6.3 29.5 1668.8 494.1 19.4 438771 478770 1.3 0.7 1.1 0.8 1.8 1.3 1.2 0.3 188.4 10.5 -0.1 46553 1880 5.0 23.5 1143.0 391.8 13.0 258375 375930 1.2 0.8 1.1 0.8 1.8 1.1 0.7 1.8 82.3 22.6 -0.4 -9683 1875 4.6 22.1 1291.0 370.5 16.4 346731 395289 1 0.7 1.1 0.7 1.8 1.1 -0.1 0.4 32.0 -4.9 -0.1 -11828 1870 10.1 51.9 2596.1 962.2 29.1 656357 892719 1 0.8 1.1 0.8 1.7 1.1 -0.1 6 240.1 107.6 -2.9 -16861 1865 6.5 35.6 1134.9 555.4 19.2 252188 346527 1.5 1.2 1.2 0.9 2.1 1.1 1.9 10.7 155.9 83.6 2.2 -17573 1860 4.9 24.7 1482.0 542.9 20.6 407579 507896 0.9 0.7 1.0 0.8 1.8 1.1 -0.5 -0.5 -27.6 31.8 -0.8 -20850 1855 4.6 22.9 1245.7 454.7 15.9 335607 416476 1 0.7 1.1 0.8 1.7 1.1 0.1 1.1 72.3 38.9 -0.9 -12590 1850 3.8 19.6 1109.0 326.9 19.2 318864 388786 0.9 0.6 1.1 0.7 2.2 1.2 -0.2 -1.7 82.8 -40.1 2.8 5819 1845 6.1 28.2 1883.8 572.5 21.1 515207 712961 0.8 0.6 0.9 0.7 1.4 1.1 -1.0 -7.9 -134.7 -25.9 -6.9 -57330 1840 10.5 53.5 3633.3 1190.4 28.9 930028 1126332 1 0.6 1.1 0.8 1.2 1.1 -0.3 -3.4 156.7 51.7 -13.7 -59582 1835 7.3 29.4 1637.9 617.9 20.4 467675 528007 1.4 0.8 1.2 0.8 1.7 1.2 1.9 5.9 146.4 44.1 -3.1 18752 1830 8.7 35.4 2503.2 615.6 21.9 707967 826228 1.2 0.6 1.1 0.8 1.6 1.2 1.6 -3.6 228.5 22.1 -3.1 40030 1825 4.5 27.6 1326.3 413.5 17.3 347625 454315 0.9 0.7 1.0 0.7 1.7 1.2 -0.5 -0.8 -1.4 -8.6 -1.0 -2417 1820 4.3 23.7 1184.1 346.2 17.2 285263 347980 1 0.8 1.1 0.8 2.0 1.2 0.1 3.7 34.0 11.2 0.9 -1658 1815 2.9 12.6 849.9 245.0 10.5 204770 264274 1.1 0.6 1.1 0.7 1.9 1.1 0.3 -1.1 36.8 0.7 0.5 -4047 1810 7.0 33.9 1945.6 526.3 15.1 396770 589988 1.1 0.7 1.1 0.7 1.3 1.0 0.4 -0.3 107.2 3.5 -7.1 -50508 1805 4.9 30.6 1292.0 371.7 17.4 302120 380041 1.2 0.7 1.1 0.8 2.1 1.2 0.6 -0.3 68.6 39.5 3.0 12902 1800 7.8 30.5 2067.6 704.1 26.7 644415 685822 1 0.7 1.1 0.8 1.5 1.2 0.3 -1.3 129.9 30.9 -4.8 67561 1795 8.6 34.8 2334.4 687.9 27.4 663014 901743 1 0.6 1.0 0.7 1.6 1.1 0.3 -1.8 -15.3 -62.6 -4.5 -19636 1790 4.7 24.2 1312.2 361.0 18.4 327884 378352 1.1 0.7 1.0 0.7 2.0 1.1 0.4 1.8 61.1 -52.3 0.7 -18168 1785 4.7 24.8 1015.0 268.3 11.7 289409 320297 1.4 0.9 1.2 0.8 1.8 1.1 1.4 3.1 201.6 14.3 0.0 -5845 1780 3.7 17.9 1046.4 269.5 13.3 247456 276856 1.2 0.8 1.1 0.8 2.0 1.1 0.6 1.8 77.6 16.4 0.4 -8531 1775 3.5 14.3 886.6 266.3 15.4 223109 296449 1 0.6 1.0 0.7 2.1 1.1 0.2 -0.4 2.3 -10.1 1.6 -1788 1770 7.7 33.2 2488.7 704.3 23.1 582057 707753 1 0.7 1.2 0.8 1.4 1.1 0.3 1.5 159.9 7.4 -6.1 -27693 1765 5.6 30.5 1670.8 499.8 21.1 426123 559951 1 0.8 1.1 0.8 1.8 1.1 -0.1 3.7 15.3 13.8 -0.5 -9339 1760 4.9 22.7 1458.9 389.6 13.6 338358 475149 1 0.6 1.1 0.7 1.5 1.0 0.1 -1.6 14.8 -31.1 -4.0 -56132 1755 11.0 48.8 3000.0 978.3 27.9 795192 1035964 1 0.6 1.0 0.7 1.3 1.1 -0.1 -4.7 70.3 -57.9 -10.5 -41989 1750 5.9 24.1 1279.2 450.5 22.0 442384 457997 1.2 0.8 1.1 0.8 2.2 1.3 1.0 2.7 68.4 63.5 3.5 43359 1745 5.2 22.6 1558.9 555.7 16.5 450919 563890 1 0.6 1.0 0.8 1.6 1.1 0.0 -1.1 -44.8 22.0 -2.7 -15165 1740 6.0 32.2 1939.6 630.0 23.9 534500 666759 0.9 0.5 1.0 0.7 1.4 1.1 -0.6 -5.3 -32.3 -7.9 -6.7 -28820 1735 6.5 25.6 1900.6 484.1 19.7 449759 524516 1 0.6 1.0 0.7 1.9 1.1 0.0 -0.9 -47.0 -19.2 0.6 -3966 1730 5.8 37.4 2082.8 600.5 26.0 662034 701701 1.1 0.7 1.0 0.8 1.8 1.3 0.3 -0.5 -0.2 15.1 -0.9 29814 1725 4.9 41.7 1382.5 457.9 30.8 453852 449124 1.2 1.3 1.0 0.8 3.4 1.5 1.0 16.1 10.7 23.2 10.0 97376 1720 4.5 26.1 1429.7 395.3 14.5 319697 460360 1 0.7 1.0 0.6 1.5 1.1 0.2 1.2 16.7 -59.1 -3.1 -12805 1715 8.8 45.9 2965.6 882.9 26.6 726558 989328 0.8 0.7 1.1 0.7 1.4 1.1 -1.0 1.1 141.9 -6.8 -10.1 -36295 1710 6.9 40.7 2566.5 761.0 24.0 671039 906163 0.8 0.7 1.0 0.8 1.6 1.1 -1.8 -1.8 -10.2 24.7 -4.3 -23196 1705 6.1 36.9 2048.8 688.0 26.3 551946 800072 0.8 0.7 1.0 0.7 1.9 1.2 -1.1 0.1 -85.8 4.3 0.9 -1869 1700 3.6 15.5 1068.2 301.0 13.5 294882 381277 1 0.6 1.0 0.7 2.1 1.2 -0.2 -2 -30.2 -27.5 2.0 10135 1695 6.8 26.0 1873.5 541.8 25.3 581748 673445 1 0.6 1.0 0.7 2.0 1.3 0.2 -2.7 -8.2 -34.9 1.7 25384 1690 5.3 25.8 1440.7 443.5 29.4 546816 518496 0.9 0.5 1.0 0.7 2.0 1.1 -0.2 -3.6 -33.4 -24.2 2.0 -3492 1685 7.2 38.8 2116.3 639.4 27.6 635449 770901 1 0.6 1.0 0.7 1.8 1.2 0.1 -4.3 -21.7 -8.1 -0.9 26887 1680 16.0 87.4 4528.3 1639.1 41.7 1128410 1624744 1 0.8 1.0 0.8 1.2 1.3 -0.1 12.7 -119.1 231.5 -22.2 -154190 1675 4.3 20.7 1107.5 450.5 17.2 313758 334859 1.2 0.8 1.0 0.9 2.1 1.3 0.5 2.1 30.1 71.4 1.7 20536 1670 5.8 25.7 1438.3 497.9 20.5 422200 492072 1 0.7 1.1 0.8 2.0 1.1 0.0 1.4 54.3 38.0 0.9 -15485 1665 4.1 16.3 1166.4 350.4 15.4 301128 383741 1 0.6 1.0 0.7 1.9 1.1 0.1 -2 16.3 1.1 0.7 -10879 1660 5.8 28.3 1720.6 489.5 21.8 426504 566395 1 0.7 1.1 0.7 1.6 1.1 -0.1 0 80.3 -8.0 -2.9 -20617 1655 4.7 25.1 1392.5 457.0 21.8 396449 503824 1 0.7 1.0 0.8 1.8 1.1 -0.3 0.4 -83.7 2.6 -0.1 -10925 1650 2.9 19.1 793.3 281.5 14.4 246792 284919 1 1.0 1.1 0.9 2.8 1.3 -0.1 2.4 22.9 28.6 3.5 15570