# Kilimanjaro - Oxygen Isotope, Ion, and Dust Data and Description #----------------------------------------------------------------------- # World Data Service for Paleoclimatology, Boulder # and # NOAA Paleoclimatology Program # National Centers for Environmental Information (NCEI) #----------------------------------------------------------------------- # Template Version 4.0 # Encoding: UTF-8 # NOTE: Please cite original publication, NOAA Landing Page URL, dataset and publication DOIs (where available), and date accessed when using downloaded data. If there is no publication information, please cite investigator, study title, NOAA Landing Page URL, and date accessed. # # Description/Documentation lines begin with # # Data lines have no # # # NOAA_Landing_Page: https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/access/paleo-search/study/2466 # Landing_Page_Description: NOAA Landing Page of this file's parent study, which includes all study metadata. # # Study_Level_JSON_Metadata: https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/pub/data/metadata/published/paleo/json/noaa-icecore-2466.json # Study_Level_JSON_Description: JSON metadata of this data file's parent study, which includes all study metadata. # # Data_Type: Ice Cores # # Dataset_DOI: 10.25921/j7s9-7658 # # Science_Keywords: PAGES 2k Network, PAGES Africa 2k #-------------------- # Resource_Links # # Data_Download_Resource: https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/icecore/trop/kilimanjaro/thompson2002-KNIF2-rawdepth-noaa.txt # Data_Download_Description: NOAA Template File; Oxygen Isotope and Chemistry Data by Depth for Core KNIF2 # #-------------------- # Contribution_Date # Date: 2002-10-01 #-------------------- # File_Last_Modified_Date # Date: 2023-05-30 #-------------------- # Title # Study_Name: Kilimanjaro - Oxygen Isotope, Ion, and Dust Data and Description #-------------------- # Investigators # Investigators: Thompson, L.G.; Mosley-Thompson, E.; Davis, M.E.; Henderson, K.A.; Brecher, H.H.; Zagorodnov, V.S.; Mashiotta, T.A.; Lin, P-N.; Mikhalenko, V.N.; Hardy, D.R.; Beer, J. #-------------------- # Description_Notes_and_Keywords # Description: Kilimanjaro Ice Core Oxygen Isotope, Ion, and Dust Data #-------------------- # Publication # Authors: Thompson, L.G., E. Mosley-Thompson, M.E. Davis, K.A. Henderson, H.H. Brecher, V.S. Zagorodnov, T.A. Mashiotta, P.-N. Lin, V.N. Mikhalenko, D.R. Hardy, and J. Beer # Published_Date_or_Year: 2002-10-18 # Published_Title: Kilimanjaro Ice Core Records: Evidence of Holocene Climate Change in Tropical Africa # Journal_Name: Science # Volume: 298 # Edition: # Issue: 5593 # Pages: 589-593 # Report_Number: # DOI: 10.1126/science.1073198 # Publication_Place: # Publisher: # ISBN: # Online_Resource: # Other_Reference_Details: # Full_Citation: # Abstract: Six ice cores from Kilimanjaro provide an ~11.7-thousand-year record of Holocene climate and environmental variability for eastern equatorial Africa, including three periods of abrupt climate change: ~8.3, ~5.2, and ~4 thousand years ago (ka). The latter is coincident with the "First Dark Age," the period of the greatest historically recorded drought in tropical Africa. Variable deposition of F- and Na+ during the African Humid Period suggests rapidly fluctuating lake levels between ~11.7 and 4 ka. Over the 20th century, the areal extent of Kilimanjaro's ice fields has decreased ~80%, and if current climatological conditions persist, the remaining ice fields are likely to disappear between 2015 and 2020. #-------------------- # Funding_Agency # Funding_Agency_Name: US National Science Foundation # Grant: ATM-9910172 #-------------------- # Site_Information # Site_Name: Kilimanjaro # Location: Tanzania # Northernmost_Latitude: -3.08 # Southernmost_Latitude: -3.08 # Easternmost_Longitude: 37.35 # Westernmost_Longitude: 37.35 # Elevation_m: 5893 #-------------------- # Data_Collection # Collection_Name: KNIF2 raw depth # Earliest_Year: # Most_Recent_Year: # Time_Unit: # Core_Length_m: 50.7 # Parameter_Keywords: oxygen isotopes, chemistry # Notes: Data from Fig. 1-supplemental. The individual sample values for nitrate, dust, and d18O are shown for the upper 4 meters of the NIF2 core. KNIF = Kilimanjaro Northern Ice Field. #-------------------- # Chronology_Information # Chronology: # #-------------------- # Variables # # PaST_Thesaurus_Download_Resource: https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/PaST-thesaurus/SKOS/past-thesaurus-v1.0.rdf # PaST_Thesaurus_Download_Description: Paleoenvironmental Standard Terms (PaST) Thesaurus terms, definitions, and relationships in SKOS format. # # Variables format: Short_name what,material,error,units,seasonality,data_type,detail,method,data_format,additional_information # ## depth_top_m depth at sample end,,,meter,,ice cores,,,N,top depth ## NO3- nitrate,bulk ice,,parts per billion,,ice cores,,,N,KNIF2 individual sample values for top 4 m ## d18O delta 18O,bulk ice,,per mil VSMOW,,ice cores,,,N,KNIF2 individual sample values for top 4 m ## dust dust,bulk ice,,count per milliliter,,ice cores,,,N,KNIF2 individual sample values for top 4 m; x10^5 units; > 0.63 micrometers # #-------------------- # Data: # Data lines follow (have no #) # Data line format - tab-delimited text, variable short name as header # Missing_Values: depth_top_m NO3- d18O dust 0.000 38.7 -10.48 0.939 0.040 44.5 -11.05 0.624 0.076 66.6 -10.34 0.770 0.126 84.5 -10.02 1.225 0.166 110.6 -9.96 1.072 0.202 119.4 -9.79 0.968 0.238 96.3 -9.50 0.539 0.274 159.6 -9.21 0.704 0.310 223.7 -9.12 1.042 0.360 319.7 -9.42 0.951 0.400 296.4 -9.76 1.430 0.436 356.3 -10.03 1.393 0.472 380.4 -10.73 0.371 0.508 495.2 -11.72 0.232 0.544 382.9 -16.94 0.463 0.580 295.3 -13.36 0.535 0.610 425.5 -9.88 0.975 0.650 253.9 -9.27 0.792 0.686 237.5 -9.29 0.642 0.722 212.4 -10.19 0.704 0.758 141.1 -10.83 0.611 0.794 186.8 -9.95 0.998 0.830 127.5 -10.23 1.059 0.866 42.8 -9.87 0.779 0.902 48.1 -9.72 0.722 0.938 83.4 -10.00 0.493 0.974 189.3 -10.37 0.886 1.010 188.3 -9.85 1.128 1.050 114.0 -7.88 0.554 1.090 126.0 -8.32 0.648 1.125 140.8 -8.72 0.337 1.159 226.4 -9.09 0.535 1.193 226.3 -8.33 0.399 1.227 142.6 -7.50 0.224 1.261 98.2 -8.11 0.204 1.295 223.2 -7.84 0.230 1.329 207.2 -7.45 0.110 1.363 153.0 -9.47 0.115 1.397 161.8 -8.86 0.192 1.434 86.5 -9.14 0.143 1.468 74.3 -8.91 0.186 1.502 152.2 -9.26 0.316 1.536 178.0 -9.29 0.239 1.570 287.2 -8.72 0.140 1.604 286.1 -9.47 0.155 1.638 301.1 -10.06 0.245 1.668 231.6 -9.64 0.139 1.706 208.3 -9.67 0.187 1.740 178.9 -9.27 0.154 1.774 108.5 -8.60 0.144 1.808 100.5 -8.88 0.149 1.842 137.4 -9.58 0.134 1.876 198.2 -9.21 0.129 1.910 323.1 -9.99 0.178 1.944 252.2 -9.50 0.156 1.978 338.4 -9.68 0.157 2.012 197.8 -8.29 0.130 2.046 176.1 -8.61 0.158 2.080 255.2 -9.44 0.326 2.111 365.1 -9.00 0.774 2.142 459.1 -9.10 0.247 2.173 687.0 -9.45 0.359 2.204 673.7 -9.45 0.284 2.235 415.8 -8.18 0.294 2.266 598.2 -8.96 0.335 2.297 604.4 -9.01 0.214 2.328 594.9 -9.46 0.306 2.359 359.8 -9.05 0.489 2.390 415.2 -9.95 0.719 2.415 413.8 -10.20 2.116 2.440 391.7 -9.86 0.694 2.471 342.1 -10.33 0.522 2.502 242.5 -10.26 0.605 2.533 197.5 -10.28 0.655 2.564 293.4 -10.40 0.352 2.595 307.5 -10.36 0.224 2.626 488.1 -10.78 0.270 2.657 424.7 -10.51 0.295 2.688 253.1 -10.21 0.181 2.719 335.0 -11.34 0.125 2.750 407.6 -10.42 0.173 2.781 457.8 -9.14 1.443 2.821 403.6 -8.66 1.048 2.856 385.0 -8.85 0.959 2.887 274.0 -9.30 0.542 2.918 270.3 -9.28 5.087 2.949 306.4 -9.16 3.394 2.980 352.0 -9.28 6.720 3.011 371.9 -9.39 5.786 3.045 441.2 -9.71 2.519 3.090 240.0 -11.55 0.188 3.123 421.9 -10.55 0.200 3.153 351.6 -9.63 0.091 3.183 281.8 -10.79 0.109 3.213 316.2 -11.58 0.085 3.243 332.6 -10.47 0.106 3.273 319.3 -8.36 0.137 3.303 249.7 -8.21 0.118 3.333 416.8 -8.10 0.165 3.363 615.4 -8.86 0.209 3.393 649.3 -9.17 0.129 3.423 609.7 -8.90 0.092 3.453 686.0 -9.21 0.247 3.483 579.7 -7.15 0.223 3.513 287.9 -8.47 0.212 3.548 288.2 -10.48 0.123 3.579 311.3 -10.45 0.101 3.609 381.5 -10.44 0.116 3.640 359.4 -11.91 0.179 3.670 306.7 -10.64 0.159 3.701 274.2 -10.69 0.207 3.731 225.0 -10.63 0.192 3.762 171.1 -10.71 0.165 3.792 192.2 -10.52 0.183 3.823 146.8 -10.64 0.187 3.853 234.7 -10.70 0.169 3.884 197.6 -10.88 0.190 3.914 165.4 -10.83 0.260 3.945 168.3 -10.86 0.299 3.975 196.7 -11.20 0.260