# Kilimanjaro - Oxygen Isotope, Ion, and Dust Data and Description #----------------------------------------------------------------------- # World Data Service for Paleoclimatology, Boulder # and # NOAA Paleoclimatology Program # National Centers for Environmental Information (NCEI) #----------------------------------------------------------------------- # Template Version 4.0 # Encoding: UTF-8 # NOTE: Please cite original publication, NOAA Landing Page URL, dataset and publication DOIs (where available), and date accessed when using downloaded data. If there is no publication information, please cite investigator, study title, NOAA Landing Page URL, and date accessed. # # Description/Documentation lines begin with # # Data lines have no # # # NOAA_Landing_Page: https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/access/paleo-search/study/2466 # Landing_Page_Description: NOAA Landing Page of this file's parent study, which includes all study metadata. # # Study_Level_JSON_Metadata: https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/pub/data/metadata/published/paleo/json/noaa-icecore-2466.json # Study_Level_JSON_Description: JSON metadata of this data file's parent study, which includes all study metadata. # # Data_Type: Ice Cores # # Dataset_DOI: 10.25921/j7s9-7658 # # Science_Keywords: PAGES 2k Network, PAGES Africa 2k #-------------------- # Resource_Links # # Data_Download_Resource: https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/icecore/trop/kilimanjaro/thompson2002-d18O-10cm-noaa.txt # Data_Download_Description: NOAA Template File; Depth-Averaged Oxygen Isotope Data for Cores KNIF2 and KNIF3 # #-------------------- # Contribution_Date # Date: 2002-10-01 #-------------------- # File_Last_Modified_Date # Date: 2023-05-30 #-------------------- # Title # Study_Name: Kilimanjaro - Oxygen Isotope, Ion, and Dust Data and Description #-------------------- # Investigators # Investigators: Thompson, L.G.; Mosley-Thompson, E.; Davis, M.E.; Henderson, K.A.; Brecher, H.H.; Zagorodnov, V.S.; Mashiotta, T.A.; Lin, P-N.; Mikhalenko, V.N.; Hardy, D.R.; Beer, J. #-------------------- # Description_Notes_and_Keywords # Description: Kilimanjaro Ice Core Oxygen Isotope, Ion, and Dust Data #-------------------- # Publication # Authors: Thompson, L.G., E. Mosley-Thompson, M.E. Davis, K.A. Henderson, H.H. Brecher, V.S. Zagorodnov, T.A. Mashiotta, P.-N. Lin, V.N. Mikhalenko, D.R. Hardy, and J. Beer # Published_Date_or_Year: 2002-10-18 # Published_Title: Kilimanjaro Ice Core Records: Evidence of Holocene Climate Change in Tropical Africa # Journal_Name: Science # Volume: 298 # Edition: # Issue: 5593 # Pages: 589-593 # Report_Number: # DOI: 10.1126/science.1073198 # Publication_Place: # Publisher: # ISBN: # Online_Resource: # Other_Reference_Details: # Full_Citation: # Abstract: Six ice cores from Kilimanjaro provide an ~11.7-thousand-year record of Holocene climate and environmental variability for eastern equatorial Africa, including three periods of abrupt climate change: ~8.3, ~5.2, and ~4 thousand years ago (ka). The latter is coincident with the "First Dark Age," the period of the greatest historically recorded drought in tropical Africa. Variable deposition of F- and Na+ during the African Humid Period suggests rapidly fluctuating lake levels between ~11.7 and 4 ka. Over the 20th century, the areal extent of Kilimanjaro's ice fields has decreased ~80%, and if current climatological conditions persist, the remaining ice fields are likely to disappear between 2015 and 2020. #-------------------- # Funding_Agency # Funding_Agency_Name: US National Science Foundation # Grant: ATM-9910172 #-------------------- # Site_Information # Site_Name: Kilimanjaro # Location: Tanzania # Northernmost_Latitude: -3.08 # Southernmost_Latitude: -3.08 # Easternmost_Longitude: 37.35 # Westernmost_Longitude: 37.35 # Elevation_m: 5893 #-------------------- # Data_Collection # Collection_Name: KNIF2&3 10cm d18O # Earliest_Year: # Most_Recent_Year: # Time_Unit: # Core_Length_m: # Parameter_Keywords: oxygen isotopes # Notes: Data from Fig. 2. Columns 1 and 2: The 10-centimeter average d18O records from the NIF2 and NIF3 cores for their entire lengths. Column 3: NIF2 depths are rescaled to the NIF3 depth scale by matching similar 18O features. KNIF = Kilimanjaro Northern Ice Field. #-------------------- # Chronology_Information # Chronology: # #-------------------- # Variables # # PaST_Thesaurus_Download_Resource: https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/PaST-thesaurus/SKOS/past-thesaurus-v1.0.rdf # PaST_Thesaurus_Download_Description: Paleoenvironmental Standard Terms (PaST) Thesaurus terms, definitions, and relationships in SKOS format. # # Variables format: Short_name what,material,error,units,seasonality,data_type,detail,method,data_format,additional_information # ## depth_top_m depth at sample end,,,meter,,ice cores,,,N,top depth ## d18O_KNIF2 delta 18O,bulk ice,,per mil VSMOW,,ice cores,averaged,,N,core KNIF2 ## d18O_KNIF3 delta 18O,bulk ice,,per mil VSMOW,,ice cores,averaged,,N,core KNIF3 ## d18O_KNIF2on3 delta 18O,bulk ice,,per mil VSMOW,,ice cores,averaged,,N,core KNIF2 on KNIF3 depth; KNIF2 depths are rescaled to the KNIF3 depth scale by matching similar 18O features # #-------------------- # Data: # Data lines follow (have no #) # Data line format - tab-delimited text, variable short name as header # Missing_Values: depth_top_m d18O_KNIF2 d18O_KNIF3 d18O_KNIF2on3 0.0 -10.73 -6.57 -9.36 0.1 -10.07 -9.12 -9.29 0.2 -9.54 -10.04 -10.04 0.3 -9.26 -10.73 -13.10 0.4 -10.13 -9.40 -10.74 0.5 -13.79 -8.73 -10.18 0.6 -10.01 -9.10 -9.94 0.7 -10.21 -8.76 -9.40 0.8 -10.02 -9.13 -8.63 0.9 -9.99 -9.61 -7.79 1.0 -8.97 -10.24 -8.95 1.1 -8.72 -9.44 -9.14 1.2 -7.95 -9.38 -9.66 1.3 -8.30 -9.87 -9.08 1.4 -8.97 -9.77 -9.33 1.5 -9.10 -9.06 -9.11 1.6 -9.69 -9.37 -8.97 1.7 -9.25 -9.35 -9.70 1.8 -9.17 -10.52 -10.32 1.9 -9.68 -10.47 -10.67 2.0 -8.80 -9.39 -9.22 2.1 -9.20 -9.68 -9.29 2.2 -8.89 -9.43 -10.40 2.3 -9.26 -8.17 -9.96 2.4 -10.10 -7.59 -8.28 2.5 -10.32 -8.05 -9.00 2.6 -10.52 -7.29 -8.23 2.7 -10.45 -7.41 -9.89 2.8 -8.90 -7.68 -11.05 2.9 -9.25 -7.52 -10.66 3.0 -9.77 -7.63 -10.62 3.1 -10.54 -8.69 -10.72 3.2 -10.27 -8.97 -10.85 3.3 -8.44 -11.43 -12.30 3.4 -8.76 -8.70 -13.78 3.5 -9.34 -8.77 -12.50 3.6 -10.95 -9.13 -12.84 3.7 -10.66 -10.00 -13.45 3.8 -10.67 -9.70 -13.49 3.9 -10.94 -8.53 -11.82 4.0 -14.48 -8.76 -11.28 4.1 -12.63 -8.46 -9.99 4.2 -12.50 -8.46 -9.63 4.3 -12.58 -8.35 -8.77 4.4 -12.86 -8.16 -8.81 4.5 -13.07 -8.39 -8.94 4.6 -13.80 -8.67 -9.96 4.7 -12.14 -8.46 -11.21 4.8 -11.35 -7.89 -10.89 4.9 -10.07 -8.05 -9.33 5.0 -9.60 -7.54 -9.05 5.1 -8.76 -7.45 -8.33 5.2 -8.80 -7.61 -7.91 5.3 -9.43 -8.02 -8.03 5.4 -9.89 -8.10 -7.88 5.5 -11.06 -9.40 -8.32 5.6 -10.75 -10.23 -9.18 5.7 -11.46 -9.68 -9.45 5.8 -9.68 -10.02 -9.06 5.9 -9.01 -9.63 -9.04 6.0 -8.89 -8.89 -8.53 6.1 -9.07 -7.93 -8.24 6.2 -8.32 -8.15 -8.41 6.3 -8.20 -8.40 -8.48 6.4 -7.83 -8.57 -8.43 6.5 -8.11 -8.70 -8.64 6.6 -7.98 -9.10 -8.74 6.7 -8.02 -9.43 -9.12 6.8 -7.48 -9.47 -9.18 6.9 -9.04 -9.86 -9.10 7.0 -9.43 -10.37 -8.95 7.1 -9.04 -10.43 -10.54 7.2 -9.00 -10.36 -11.35 7.3 -8.13 -10.09 -12.25 7.4 -8.41 -9.96 -10.50 7.5 -8.49 -10.17 -9.36 7.6 -8.37 -9.49 -9.31 7.7 -8.53 -9.08 -9.04 7.8 -8.71 -9.38 -9.33 7.9 -8.84 -11.10 -10.38 8.0 -9.09 -11.70 -12.67 8.1 -9.24 -11.79 -14.00 8.2 -9.08 -11.38 -13.35 8.3 -8.92 -11.29 -12.55 8.4 -10.43 -11.69 -12.12 8.5 -11.23 -11.46 -12.29 8.6 -11.82 -11.18 -11.89 8.7 -11.57 -10.90 -12.00 8.8 -9.58 -11.39 -12.61 8.9 -9.25 -11.01 -11.53 9.0 -9.16 -10.13 -11.04 9.1 -9.16 -9.38 -9.55 9.2 -9.52 -8.65 -9.15 9.3 -11.36 -8.36 -8.96 9.4 -13.18 -8.54 -8.82 9.5 -13.74 -9.18 -9.68 9.6 -12.75 -9.67 -9.70 9.7 -12.12 -9.75 -9.62 9.8 -12.28 -9.81 -10.66 9.9 -11.87 -9.85 -10.29 10.0 -12.12 -9.98 -9.78 10.1 -12.38 -9.82 -9.84 10.2 -11.33 -9.99 -9.81 10.3 -11.13 -10.12 -9.85 10.4 -9.79 -10.02 -10.25 10.5 -9.28 -9.92 -10.47 10.6 -9.08 -10.07 -10.52 10.7 -8.96 -10.37 -10.36 10.8 -8.78 -8.71 -9.22 10.9 -9.26 -7.86 -7.22 11.0 -9.73 -7.31 -7.47 11.1 -9.70 -7.76 -7.96 11.2 -9.60 -7.96 -8.61 11.3 -9.85 -9.32 -9.34 11.4 -10.97 -9.36 -9.59 11.5 -10.28 -9.40 -9.69 11.6 -9.95 -9.46 -9.70 11.7 -9.64 -9.40 -9.73 11.8 -9.87 -9.27 -9.59 11.9 -9.81 -9.20 -9.39 12.0 -9.79 -9.23 -9.24 12.1 -9.97 -9.20 -9.93 12.2 -10.41 -9.26 -9.23 12.3 -10.49 -9.00 -9.51 12.4 -10.45 -9.51 -9.42 12.5 -10.52 -10.55 -9.48 12.6 -10.32 -10.75 -11.02 12.7 -9.70 -10.28 -11.25 12.8 -7.05 -10.58 -11.59 12.9 -7.37 -10.58 -11.83 13.0 -7.30 -11.10 -12.32 13.1 -7.61 -10.66 -12.29 13.2 -8.28 -10.47 -11.58 13.3 -8.45 -10.30 -11.41 13.4 -8.90 -10.05 -10.41 13.5 -9.49 -10.22 -11.04 13.6 -9.60 -9.88 -10.12 13.7 -9.72 -9.99 -10.18 13.8 -9.71 -10.45 -11.14 13.9 -9.69 -10.14 -11.14 14.0 -9.50 -10.19 -11.05 14.1 -9.29 -10.19 -10.73 14.2 -9.71 -10.08 -10.83 14.3 -9.53 -9.64 -10.93 14.4 -9.23 -10.09 -10.57 14.5 -9.53 -9.75 -9.93 14.6 -9.14 -8.36 -8.62 14.7 -11.05 -10.53 -7.60 14.8 -11.05 -11.13 -11.25 14.9 -11.39 -10.71 -11.79 15.0 -11.61 -9.57 -10.54 15.1 -11.88 -8.87 -10.08 15.2 -12.14 -8.75 -8.82 15.3 -12.43 -8.86 -8.51 15.4 -11.96 -9.02 -8.26 15.5 -11.58 -9.06 -8.24 15.6 -11.40 -9.04 -8.39 15.7 -10.48 -9.02 -8.58 15.8 -10.93 -9.23 -9.46 15.9 -10.44 -9.30 -9.44 16.0 -10.03 -10.83 -10.05 16.1 -10.44 -10.44 -11.96 16.2 -11.18 -10.46 -10.93 16.3 -11.15 -10.54 -10.99 16.4 -11.04 -10.73 -11.12 16.5 -10.74 -10.78 -11.35 16.6 -10.82 -11.31 -11.57 16.7 -10.99 -11.42 -13.15 16.8 -10.47 -11.43 -12.66 16.9 -10.35 -10.86 -12.56 17.0 -8.48 -10.60 -11.81 17.1 -7.96 -10.18 -11.35 17.2 -9.76 -9.98 -9.75 17.3 -11.85 -9.48 -9.56 17.4 -11.73 -9.15 -9.22 17.5 -10.34 -8.95 -9.13 17.6 -10.35 -8.94 -8.99 17.7 -9.13 -9.12 -9.28 17.8 -8.72 -9.76 -9.47 17.9 -8.45 -10.20 -10.76 18.0 -8.26 -10.01 -10.61 18.1 -8.21 -9.83 -10.51 18.2 -8.22 -9.54 -10.25 18.3 -8.50 -9.12 -9.92 18.4 -8.57 -9.22 -9.79 18.5 -9.18 -9.21 -9.65 18.6 -9.59 -9.33 -9.65 18.7 -9.45 -9.43 -9.83 18.8 -9.81 -9.43 -9.98 18.9 -12.14 -9.38 -9.96 19.0 -10.93 -9.45 -9.87 19.1 -11.01 -9.68 -9.85 19.2 -11.13 -11.43 -9.71 19.3 -11.37 -11.84 -11.75 19.4 -12.34 -12.10 -11.94 19.5 -12.93 -12.56 -11.48 19.6 -12.60 -12.66 -13.27 19.7 -12.56 -12.55 -12.65 19.8 -11.83 -12.37 -11.42 19.9 -11.89 -11.51 -10.98 20.0 -9.94 -10.24 -10.61 20.1 -9.75 -10.61 -11.14 20.2 -9.48 -11.35 -9.42 20.3 -9.21 -11.71 -10.22 20.4 -9.09 -11.32 -12.55 20.5 -8.98 -11.47 -13.13 20.6 -9.22 -11.72 -12.54 20.7 -9.31 -9.80 -11.07 20.8 -9.43 -8.97 -9.55 20.9 -10.81 -9.00 -9.90 21.0 -10.58 -7.79 -8.04 21.1 -10.60 -7.44 -7.96 21.2 -10.44 -7.48 -8.37 21.3 -10.18 -7.66 -9.35 21.4 -9.91 -7.66 -8.61 21.5 -9.81 -7.94 -9.22 21.6 -9.69 -8.87 -9.43 21.7 -9.61 -10.36 -9.71 21.8 -9.68 -11.25 -10.16 21.9 -9.92 -10.95 -10.68 22.0 -9.97 -11.03 -10.63 22.1 -9.94 -10.64 -10.72 22.2 -9.87 -10.12 -10.51 22.3 -9.93 -10.17 -10.79 22.4 -9.78 -10.77 -10.96 22.5 -10.02 -11.03 -11.09 22.6 -11.96 -11.20 -11.06 22.7 -11.99 -11.10 -11.12 22.8 -11.35 -11.05 -11.05 22.9 -12.81 -10.84 -10.99 23.0 -13.35 -10.93 -10.78 23.1 -11.88 -10.43 -10.61 23.2 -11.32 -9.87 -10.27 23.3 -10.95 -9.43 -10.21 23.4 -10.62 -9.08 -9.61 23.5 -10.99 -8.83 -10.09 23.6 -9.89 -7.35 -9.67 23.7 -9.59 -9.75 -9.90 23.8 -11.82 -9.94 -10.06 23.9 -12.77 -10.98 -10.73 24.0 -12.84 -12.13 -11.58 24.1 -12.53 -11.76 -11.89 24.2 -11.17 -11.66 -13.19 24.3 -9.75 -10.57 -12.17 24.4 -9.53 -9.91 -10.52 24.5 -9.53 -8.79 -9.89 24.6 -10.52 -8.55 -9.42 24.7 -8.49 -8.53 -9.75 24.8 -6.33 -7.25 -10.51 24.9 -7.90 -10.66 -11.03 25.0 -8.50 -11.65 -12.71 25.1 -8.39 -11.29 -14.74 25.2 -8.50 -11.40 -13.59 25.3 -8.49 -11.55 -13.31 25.4 -9.30 -11.16 -13.25 25.5 -9.44 -10.47 -12.03 25.6 -9.63 -9.90 -10.10 25.7 -7.85 -9.82 -11.58 25.8 -8.70 -8.86 -10.34 25.9 -9.36 -9.00 -8.20 26.0 -8.98 -9.23 -9.50 26.1 -9.53 -10.07 -10.69 26.2 -9.40 -10.65 -12.17 26.3 -9.36 -10.66 -12.30 26.4 -9.41 -10.81 -12.21 26.5 -9.56 -11.32 -12.04 26.6 -10.35 -11.62 -11.66 26.7 -10.36 -11.06 -11.38 26.8 -10.65 -11.17 -11.34 26.9 -10.60 -11.91 -11.30 27.0 -10.72 -11.18 -11.16 27.1 -10.62 -10.75 -11.22 27.2 -10.52 -10.44 -10.75 27.3 -10.79 -10.54 -11.65 27.4 -10.93 -10.61 -10.98 27.5 -10.96 -10.34 -10.38 27.6 -11.11 -10.09 -10.23 27.7 -11.02 -9.86 -9.70 27.8 -11.24 -9.59 -12.19 27.9 -11.09 -9.60 -11.35 28.0 -10.92 -9.35 -10.30 28.1 -10.99 -9.37 -9.83 28.2 -10.91 -9.50 -10.43 28.3 -10.59 -9.32 -10.83 28.4 -10.66 -8.92 -9.31 28.5 -10.16 -8.74 -8.19 28.6 -10.30 -9.55 -8.04 28.7 -9.79 -9.45 -9.63 28.8 -9.82 -10.26 -10.68 28.9 -10.05 -10.95 -12.07 29.0 -9.72 -10.76 -12.29 29.1 -9.68 -10.50 -11.75 29.2 -10.06 -10.32 -11.20 29.3 -10.05 -9.35 -10.99 29.4 -10.60 -9.35 -11.00 29.5 -11.37 -9.53 -10.97 29.6 -11.75 -9.58 -10.77 29.7 -12.09 -9.72 -10.17 29.8 -13.48 -10.50 -9.80 29.9 -11.83 -12.83 -10.87 30.0 -10.49 -13.84 -14.43 30.1 -9.96 -13.55 -15.15 30.2 -9.51 -13.02 -14.43 30.3 -9.19 -12.67 -13.22 30.4 -9.90 -11.21 -11.74 30.5 -10.29 -9.97 -10.63 30.6 -10.62 -10.14 -10.29 30.7 -10.93 -10.92 -10.71 30.8 -11.37 -10.15 -10.21 30.9 -12.92 -8.12 -8.90 31.0 -15.33 -7.49 -7.94 31.1 -13.84 -7.84 -7.45 31.2 -13.63 -8.15 -7.96 31.3 -13.37 -8.99 -8.95 31.4 -13.31 -9.84 -10.67 31.5 -13.34 -9.62 -11.68 31.6 -13.08 -9.27 -12.02 31.7 -12.28 -9.61 -10.91 31.8 -10.04 -8.47 -9.58 31.9 -9.66 -7.86 -9.28 32.0 -11.55 -7.60 -8.98 32.1 -12.10 -7.27 -8.13 32.2 -10.54 -8.62 -9.50 32.3 -10.31 -7.85 -9.62 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