# Puruogangri Ice Cap 7000 Year Isotope and Geochemical Data #---------------------------------------------------- # World Data Service for Paleoclimatology, Boulder # and # NOAA Paleoclimatology Program # National Centers for Environmental Information (NCEI) #---------------------------------------------------- # Template Version 4.0 # Encoding: UTF-8 # NOTE: Please cite original publication, NOAA Landing Page URL, dataset and publication DOIs (where available), and date accessed when using downloaded data. If there is no publication information, please cite investigator, study title, NOAA Landing Page URL, and date accessed. # # Description/Documentation lines begin with # # Data lines have no # # # NOAA_Landing_Page: https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/access/paleo-search/study/11929 # Landing_Page_Description: NOAA Landing Page of this file's parent study, which includes all study metadata. # # Study_Level_JSON_Metadata: https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/pub/data/metadata/published/paleo/json/noaa-icecore-11929.json # Study_Level_JSON_Description: JSON metadata of this data file's parent study, which includes all study metadata. # # Data_Type: Ice Cores # # Dataset_DOI: 10.25921/3w5v-wm35 # # Science_Keywords: Monsoon #-------------------- # Resource_Links # # Data_Download_Resource: https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/icecore/trop/puruogangri/puruogangri2006-core2-100yr-noaa.txt # Data_Download_Description: NOAA Template File; 100-year-averaged Data from Core 2 # #-------------------- # Contribution_Date # Date: 2011-08-23 #-------------------- # File_Last_Modified_Date # Date: 2025-06-27 #-------------------- # Title # Study_Name: Puruogangri Ice Cap 7000 Year Isotope and Geochemical Data #-------------------- # Investigators # Investigators: Thompson, L.G.(https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5371-2579); Yao, T.(https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8485-9140); Davis, M.E.(https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1049-5935); Mosley-Thompson, E.(https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9665-3705); Mashiotta, T.A.; Lin, P-N.(https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6006-0716); Mikhalenko, V.N.; Zagorodnov, V.S. #-------------------- # Description_Notes_and_Keywords # Description: Puruogangri ice core oxygen isotopes, dust, ice accumulation, major anions (chloride, nitrate, sulfate) and cations (sodium, ammonium, potassium, magnesium, and calcium), presented as meter, decadal, or centennial averages from 7.0 to 0 ky BP. # # Puruogangri Ice Cap, Tanggula Mountains, Tibetan Plateau: 33°55'N, 89°05'E, 6070 meters above sea level #-------------------- # Publication # Authors: Thompson, L.G., T. Yao, M.E. Davis, E. Mosley-Thompson, T.A. Mashiotta, P.-N. Lin, V.N. Mikhalenko, and V.S. Zagorodnov # Journal_Name: Annals of Glaciology # Published_Title: Holocene climate variability archived in the Puruogangri ice cap on the central Tibetan Plateau # Published_Date_or_Year: 2006 # Volume: 43 # Pages: 61-69 # Issue: 1 # Report_Number: # DOI: 10.3189/172756406781812357 # Full_Citation: # Abstract: Two ice cores (118.4 and 214.7 m in length) were collected in 2000 from the Puruogangri ice cap in the center of the Tibetan Plateau (TP) in a joint US-Chinese collaborative project. These cores yield paleoclimatic and environmental records extending through the Middle Holocene, and complement previous ice-core histories from the Dunde and Guliya ice caps in northeast and northwest Tibet, respectively, and Dasuopu glacier in the Himalaya. The high-resolution Puruogangri climate record since AD 1600 details regional temperature and moisture variability. The post-1920 period is characterized by above-average annual net balance, contemporaneous with the greatest 18O enrichment of the last 400 years, consistent with the isotopically inferred warming observed in other TP ice-core records. On longer timescales the aerosol history reveals large and abrupt events, one of which is dated ~4.7 kyr BP and occurs close to the time of a drought that extended throughout the tropics and may have been associated with centuries-long weakening of the Asian/Indian/African monsoon system. The Puruogangri climate history, combined with the other TP ice-core records, has the potential to provide valuable information on variations in the strength of the monsoon across the TP during the Holocene. #-------------------- # Funding_Agency # Funding_Agency_Name: US National Science Foundation # Grant: 0117113 #-------------------- # Site_Information # Site_Name: Puruogangri Ice Cap # Location: China # Northernmost_Latitude: 33.9167 # Southernmost_Latitude: 33.9167 # Easternmost_Longitude: 89.0833 # Westernmost_Longitude: 89.0833 # Elevation_m: 6070 #-------------------- # Data_Collection # Collection_Name: Puruogangri Core 2 centennial # First_Year: 7000 # Last_Year: 0 # Time_Unit: cal yr BP # Core_Length_m: # Parameter_Keywords: chemistry, oxygen isotopes # Notes: #-------------------- # Chronology_Information # Chronology: From Thompson et al. 2006: "The low relief between the top of Puruogangri and the surrounding terrain facilitates deposition of plant fragments on the ice cap; consequently, three such samples were recovered from the cores. The radiocarbon dates near the bottom of C1 (RC1) and C2 (RC3) were useful for the development of the longer-term Holocene records. The two-parameter model was used to construct a timescale for C2 from z1 = 107.6 mbs (corresponding to T1 =400 years BP) to z2 = 210.5 mbs, which was radiocarbon-dated at 6440 ± 160years (calibrated) before AD 1950 (T2 is 6490 years BP). The model unrealistically assumes a constant accumulation rate over the modeled timescales. When the time and depth values for the two horizons were inserted into Equation (2), the exponent p was calculated to be 0.54. The model was then solved for T2 at various values of z2, using p = 0.54, T1=400 years BP and z1 = 107.6 mbs. As the oldest 14C date (RC3 in C2) is 4 m above the core bottom, there is no way to constrain the model below 210.5 m, so the dating is extrapolated only another 50 cm further down-core to 7000 years BP. Since both the layer-counted date of 400 years BP at 107.6 mbs and the radiocarbon date of 6490 years BP at 210.50 mbs contain uncertainty ranges (±15 and ±60 years, respectively), the two-parameter model was used to determine the range of errors throughout the Holocene timescale. The range of error calculated by the model changes from ±15 years at 400 years BP to ±68 years at ~4630 years BP, and then decreases to the radiocarbon-constrained error of ±60 years at 6490 years BP." #-------------------- # Variables # PaST_Thesaurus_Download_Resource: https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/access/paleo-search/skos/past-thesaurus.rdf # PaST_Thesaurus_Download_Description: Paleoenvironmental Standard Terms (PaST) Thesaurus terms, definitions, and relationships in SKOS format. # # Data variables follow that are preceded by '##' in columns one and two. # Variables list, one per line, shortname-tab-var components: what, material, error, units, seasonality, data type, detail, method, C or N for Character or Numeric data) # ## age_top_BP ice age at sample end,,,calendar year before present,,ice cores,,,N, ## d18Osmow delta 18O,bulk ice,,per mil SMOW,,ice cores,averaged,isotope ratio mass spectrometry,N, ## dust_conc dust,bulk ice,,unspecified unit,,ice cores,averaged,,N,0.63-20um diameter ## F_ppb fluoride,bulk ice,,parts per billion,,ice cores,averaged,,N, ## Cl_ppb chloride,bulk ice,,parts per billion,,ice cores,averaged,,N, ## SO4_ppb sulfate,bulk ice,,parts per billion,,ice cores,averaged,,N, ## NO3_ppb nitrate,bulk ice,,parts per billion,,ice cores,averaged,,N, ## Na_ppb sodium,bulk ice,,parts per billion,,ice cores,averaged,,N, ## NH4_ppb ammonium,bulk ice,,parts per billion,,ice cores,averaged,,N, ## K_ppb potassium,bulk ice,,parts per billion,,ice cores,averaged,,N, ## Mg_ppb magnesium,bulk ice,,parts per billion,,ice cores,averaged,,N, ## Ca_ppb calcium,bulk ice,,parts per billion,,ice cores,averaged,,N, #-------------------- # Data: # Data lines follow (have no #) # Data line format - tab-delimited text, variable short name as header # Missing_Values: age_top_BP d18Osmow dust_conc F_ppb Cl_ppb SO4_ppb NO3_ppb Na_ppb NH4_ppb K_ppb Mg_ppb Ca_ppb 0 -14.65 259037 8.8 421.2 255.6 554.6 430.1 117.1 33.7 119.3 2015 100 -15.21 305505 5.2 695.9 277.4 852.7 697.9 120.1 47.4 158.7 2039.6 200 -15.12 294955 4.4 605.1 270.9 599.2 551 116 39.9 138.5 2047.6 300 -15.26 285631 4.7 567.7 272.8 745.6 579.9 121.4 45.5 162.7 2075 400 -14.79 249365 4.5 562.3 269.7 721.6 578.7 124.6 43.6 169.5 1870.9 500 -15.34 212929 3.8 433.5 279.8 608.5 459.9 116.9 38.2 143 1683.4 600 -15.45 206741 4.2 452.2 282.9 676.1 507.1 120.8 39.5 144.7 1714 700 -15.4 229843 4.6 588.2 292.4 704.9 592.1 128.9 44 163.1 1954.3 800 -15.16 209004 5.1 602.9 294.9 683.7 597.3 125.4 43.5 166.9 1801.6 900 -15 250531 4.6 485.3 241.9 496.1 478.4 113 35.3 136 1597.1 1000 -15.36 203989 4.9 587.5 254.1 548 567.5 118.1 40.8 153.6 1717.6 1100 -15.32 204521 4.6 601.3 280.3 613.6 632.4 123.5 41.1 181.8 1918.7 1200 -15.39 171321 3.9 423.5 269 461 433.7 93.8 32.7 128.9 1305.7 1300 -15.12 182504 4.9 406.2 249.3 449.8 458.5 113.4 36 115.3 1330.1 1400 -15.27 183755 5 618.8 319.1 548.2 612.9 115.5 46.6 156.4 1319.6 1500 -15.3 231628 4.9 400.1 199.3 387.7 431.6 110 34.6 125.6 1439.2 1600 -14.83 179021 4.6 504.5 290.5 691.9 541.2 122.6 42.4 179.1 1299.2 1700 -14.79 233936 4.8 656.2 320.3 726.2 652.1 141.6 48.2 184.6 1566.4 1800 -14.75 202707 4.7 719.5 316.3 821.4 752.4 117.9 55.9 212.3 1016.9 1900 -14.89 281319 4.4 690.5 211.4 514.2 608.3 108.7 38.2 155.1 1257.4 2000 -14.62 210678 4.5 466.1 220.8 466.7 457.4 117 35.5 140 1760.3 2100 -14.75 182883 5.1 500.7 233.3 451.5 494.9 122 37.5 159.5 1271.8 2200 -15.01 179297 5.4 569.8 213.3 644.5 577.1 118.2 41.8 189.1 1213.8 2300 -14.56 354705 5.9 554.2 221.5 500.4 543.1 114.8 38.1 151.4 1263.3 2400 -14.81 313237 5.9 601.2 297 696.2 637.8 128.5 47.6 198.6 1604.3 2500 -14.32 308049 6.1 533.2 319.5 746.1 568.1 121.3 52 217.1 1647.9 2600 -14.4 284635 4.9 381.9 216.5 484.6 408.6 105.9 40.8 159.1 1183.8 2700 -14.78 240965 5.5 377.6 202.6 424.5 427.7 104.8 33.8 146 1434 2800 -15.52 199500 5.5 495.8 314.2 660.6 579.2 133.3 47.6 207.3 1203.5 2900 -16.18 227424 6.9 650.1 304 725.1 665.5 149.3 54 224.3 1335 3000 -14.33 333947 6.5 527.6 233.5 565.4 501.2 128.3 36.4 192.9 1078.5 3100 -14.21 462067 8.1 644.5 211.6 1013.5 719.7 136.8 52.9 264.7 1303.6 3200 -14.95 388885 7.7 790.5 328.6 1323 925.6 160.9 66.6 350.9 1408.3 3300 -14.76 307080 6 973.9 286.5 1118.2 936.2 154.2 70.7 266.8 1504.7 3400 -15.77 194236 3.6 378.7 211.1 375.7 395.6 93.7 30.4 129.4 1094.5 3500 -16.12 263660 4.5 486.3 285.4 518.6 511.9 121.5 38.2 175.4 1283 3600 -15.54 223284 3.8 411.4 235.8 414 396.6 122.4 29.1 110.5 1134.8 3700 -14.26 845662 4.4 560.3 233.5 513.1 514.7 122.3 32.1 143.3 1015.5 3800 -15.4 214058 4.5 740.9 384.6 745.5 726.2 169.6 46.8 165.7 1175.6 3900 -15.39 107784 3.7 762.2 489.1 818.1 816.1 130.8 65.9 175.5 1421.6 4000 -13.59 292800 5.6 609.8 261.1 551.8 584.6 141.8 40.8 157.4 1361.1 4100 -13.53 127173 3.8 590.1 280.8 512.1 590.7 122 35 125.1 1045.5 4200 -14.59 276165 3.7 301.5 175.9 366.8 373.9 114.1 38.1 146.9 994.3 4300 -14.09 140295 3.2 244 173.5 301.7 247.2 89.6 24.8 85.4 1177.6 4400 -14.06 64320 4.5 476.7 240.4 392.6 412.4 137 33.8 95.5 1331.2 4500 -14.1 161451 4.6 482.2 253.4 454.8 461 137.9 36.5 130.1 1113.2 4600 -13.19 1028360 8.5 901.3 181.7 864.9 789.7 556.8 83.8 413.1 1986.2 4700 -13.52 157860 4.4 243.2 160.5 239.2 244.3 85 26.1 90.9 743.2 4800 -15.31 125960 4.9 337.3 220.4 450.2 318.8 116.8 28 123.8 1049.2 4900 -14.9 264140 4.5 313.4 138.6 326 304.3 112.9 31.5 152.1 925.3 5000 -14.3 184460 4.4 309.2 195.6 323.5 288.2 111.5 29.1 160.2 1160.2 5100 -14.6 170592 3.5 508.4 296.5 442.1 454.3 141 37.8 115.4 1367.6 5200 -14.5 299112 4 257.8 179.4 359.4 272.2 100.6 29.1 159.8 1122.8 5300 -14.63 241416 8 354.8 281.4 668.7 417.8 202.7 57.6 284.7 1131 5400 -14.77 313260 4.8 437.5 199.6 538.5 448.9 154.1 34.5 201.8 984.9 5500 -14.66 131544 3.5 468.3 238.8 544 511.5 98.6 35.5 138.3 961.3 5600 -15.14 199710 4.3 453.1 324.3 642 609.7 122.5 50.4 156 1530.4 5700 -14.6 199080 3.9 485 302.2 399.5 480.8 123.1 35 95.9 1291.6 5800 -14.07 88880 2.6 251.2 234.1 352.7 286.8 97.2 29.2 106.7 719.1 5900 -17.45 240870 4.6 601.5 408.9 657.5 633.3 160.9 41.2 139.5 1220.6 6000 -15.56 470130 3.9 294.9 208.6 384 281.4 119.6 25.2 153.7 940 6100 -16 86240 5.6 903 449 722.6 791.6 262.3 56.2 105.6 1526.5 6200 -15.04 188460 4.7 433.5 323.6 672.2 487.9 118.1 44.8 221.2 1165.2 6300 -14.19 154360 3.8 720.8 432 955.4 806.3 164.5 51.3 153.5 1018.7 6400 -14.97 303420 5.6 743.6 637.3 1297.3 920.5 204.6 90.3 270.7 1693.3 6500 -16.86 168280 4.4 303.3 158.8 349 336.4 104.6 34 133.5 923.3 6600 -15.75 134880 5 591.9 358.7 808.1 680.4 152.2 56.4 169.8 1235.9 6700 -13.01 160120 3.6 326.3 192 420.7 342.2 92.3 27.6 130.3 909 6800 -13.15 365000 4.1 189.4 139.2 278 210.3 102.4 23.3 124.2 760.9 6900 -11.59 449720 6.7 449 151.2 659.3 455.7 143.7 35.4 190.7 1026.2 7000 -14.64 219660 7.6 1013.8 205.2 1063 1100.5 153.4 50.8 199.5 1136