# Quelccaya Ice Cap, Peru 1800 Year Oxygen Isotope, Dust, and Major Ions Data #----------------------------------------------------------------------- # World Data Center for Paleoclimatology, Boulder # and # NOAA Paleoclimatology Program #----------------------------------------------------------------------- # NOTE: Please cite original reference when using these data, # plus the Online Resource and date accessed. # # Online_Resource: http://hurricane.ncdc.noaa.gov/pls/paleox/f?p=519:1:::::P1_STUDY_ID:14174 # # Original_Source_URL: ftp://ftp.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/icecore/trop/quelccaya/quelccaya2013nino4sst.txt # # Description/Documentation lines begin with # # Data lines have no # # # Archive: Ice Cores #-------------------- # Contribution_Date # Date: 2013-04-04 #-------------------- # Title # Study_Name: Quelccaya Ice Cap, Peru 1800 Year Oxygen Isotope, Dust, and Major Ions Data #-------------------- # Investigators # Investigators: Thompson, L.G.; Mosley-Thompson, E.; Davis, M.E.; Zagorodnov, V.S.; Howat, I.M.; Mikhalenko, V.N.; Lin, P.-N. #-------------------- # Description_and_Notes # Description: Oxygen Isotope, dust and major ions data from ice cores collected on the Quelccaya Ice Cap, Peru. # Data are at annual or decadal resolution for the past 1800 years. These new records are based on freshly cut ice samples; # previous Quelccaya data were measured on bottled water samples. # Included are Annual averages of d18O, net balance (accumulation), dust concentrations, and major ion concentrations # for the Quelccaya Summit Dome (QSD) core from thermal year 226/227 to 2009/2010 CE; # Decadal averages of d18O and net balance (accumulation) for the Quelccaya North Dome (QND) core # from thermal year 1000/1001 to 1999/2000 CE; Decadal averages of sea surface temperatures (SSTs) # in the NINO4 region from thermal year 230 to 2009/2010, reconstructed from the relationship between NINO4 SST # and QSD d18O as shown in Fig S5 in the Supplementary Materials, Thompson et al. 2013; Annual layer thicknesses # in Quelccaya Summit Dome core from thermal year 1000/1001 to 1899/1900 CE. These are not corrected for density or thinning. # Annual layer thicknesses were determined by seasonal variations in dust and d18O, measured from high dust concentration # and high d18O in successive dry seasons (austral winter). Also included are Huascaran d18O and NO3- data: # d18O and nitrate from Huascaran 1993 Core 2. Decadal averages from thermal year 830/831 to 1991/1992, # quasi-decadal averages from thermal year 200/201 to 829/830 CE. Huascaran decadal d18O data are from # Thompson et al. (2006) PNAS, vol 103, 10,536-10,543. # #-------------------- # Publication # Authors: L. G. Thompson, E. Mosley-Thompson, M. E. Davis, V. S. Zagorodnov, I. M. Howat, V. N. Mikhalenko, P.-N. Lin # Published_Date_or_Year: 2013-04-04 # Published_Title: Annually Resolved Ice Core Records of Tropical Climate Variability Over the Past ~1800 Years # Journal_Name: Science # Volume: # Edition: ScienceExpress 2013-04-04 # Issue: # Pages: # DOI: 10.1126/science.1234210 # Abstract: Ice cores from low latitudes can provide a wealth of unique information about past climate in the tropics, but they are difficult to recover and few exist. Here, we report annually resolved ice core records from the Quelccaya ice cap (5670 masl) in Peru which extend back ~1800 years and provide a high-resolution record of climate variability there. Oxygen isotopic ratios (d18O) are linked to sea-surface temperatures in the tropical eastern Pacific, while concentrations of ammonium and nitrate document the dominant role played by the migration of the Intertropical Convergence Zone in the region of the tropical Andes. Quelccaya continues to retreat and thin: Radiocarbon dates on wetland plants exposed along its retreating margins indicate it has not been smaller for at least six millennia. #------------------ # Funding_Agency # Funding_Agency_Name: US National Science Foundation # Grant: ATM-0318430 #------------------ # Site_Information # Site_Name: Quelccaya Summit Dome Ice Core # Location: South America>Peru # Country: Peru # Northernmost_Latitude: -13.9333 # Southernmost_Latitude: -13.9333 # Easternmost_Longitude: -70.8333 # Westernmost_Longitude: -70.8333 # Elevation: 5670 m #------------------ # Data_Collection # Collection_Name: Quelccaya2013nino4sst # Earliest_Year: 230 # Most_Recent_Year: 2009 # Time_Unit: AD # Core_Length: 168.68 m # Notes: #------------------ # Chronology: # # The Summit Dome core was dated by annual layer counting to 683 CE, and was constrained by # the 1600 CE Huaynaputina volcanic event. From 682 CE to 226 CE the core was dated using # the modeling approach described in the Supplemental Information accompanying the Science (2013) paper. # The North Dome core was dated by layer counting to 1395 CE, and was also constrained by the 1600 CE # Huaynaputina volcanic event. From 1395 CE to 1000 CE dating was accomplished by matching the # isotopic record to that of the Summit Dome core. # #---------------- # Variables # # Data variables follow (have no #) # Data line variables format: Variables list, one per line, shortname-tab-longname-tab-longname components (9 components: what, material, error, units, seasonality, archive, detail, method, C or N for Character or Numeric data) # Decadal averages of NINO4 SST from 230 CE to 2009 CE reconstructed from Quelccaya 2003 Summit Dome d18O (Figure 3C) age_AD_bot Age (years AD) First thermal year of decade, , , AD, , , , ,N age_AD_top Age (years AD) Last thermal year of decade, , , AD, , , , ,N sst Sea Surface Temperature, , , deg C, , , Reconstructed NINO4 SST, ,N #---------------- # Data: # Data lines follow (have no #) # Data line format - tab-delimited text, variable short name as header # Missing Values: age_AD_bot age_AD_top sst 2000 2009 26.38 1990 1999 26.46 1980 1989 26.35 1970 1979 26.14 1960 1969 26.46 1950 1959 26.25 1940 1949 26.40 1930 1939 26.27 1920 1929 26.28 1910 1919 26.25 1900 1909 26.33 1890 1899 26.16 1880 1889 26.25 1870 1879 26.04 1860 1869 26.10 1850 1859 26.16 1840 1849 26.25 1830 1839 26.18 1820 1829 26.26 1810 1819 25.81 1800 1809 26.07 1790 1799 26.24 1780 1789 26.09 1770 1779 26.00 1760 1769 26.04 1750 1759 25.95 1740 1749 26.11 1730 1739 26.01 1720 1729 26.20 1710 1719 26.16 1700 1709 25.95 1690 1699 26.12 1680 1689 26.06 1670 1679 25.94 1660 1669 26.04 1650 1659 26.20 1640 1649 26.06 1630 1639 26.26 1620 1629 26.01 1610 1619 26.17 1600 1609 26.17 1590 1599 26.28 1580 1589 26.20 1570 1579 25.94 1560 1569 26.20 1550 1559 26.14 1540 1549 26.05 1530 1539 26.27 1520 1529 26.44 1510 1519 26.18 1500 1509 26.22 1490 1499 26.26 1480 1489 26.20 1470 1479 26.12 1460 1469 26.19 1450 1459 26.21 1440 1449 26.26 1430 1439 26.25 1420 1429 26.23 1410 1419 26.26 1400 1409 26.14 1390 1399 26.23 1380 1389 26.32 1370 1379 26.45 1360 1369 26.20 1350 1359 26.16 1340 1349 26.19 1330 1339 26.35 1320 1329 26.29 1310 1319 26.27 1300 1309 26.17 1290 1299 26.23 1280 1289 26.17 1270 1279 26.05 1260 1269 26.47 1250 1259 26.16 1240 1249 26.31 1230 1239 26.43 1220 1229 26.26 1210 1219 26.25 1200 1209 26.19 1190 1199 26.14 1180 1189 26.29 1170 1179 26.19 1160 1169 26.19 1150 1159 26.39 1140 1149 26.42 1130 1139 26.25 1120 1129 26.26 1110 1119 26.30 1100 1109 26.61 1090 1099 26.23 1080 1089 26.11 1070 1079 26.08 1060 1069 26.24 1050 1059 26.34 1040 1049 26.17 1030 1039 26.29 1020 1029 26.35 1010 1019 26.24 1000 1009 26.28 990 999 26.20 980 989 26.10 970 979 26.23 960 969 26.19 950 959 26.21 940 949 26.26 930 939 26.23 920 929 26.23 910 919 26.18 900 909 26.21 890 899 26.37 880 889 26.44 870 879 26.29 860 869 26.11 850 859 26.39 840 849 26.18 830 839 26.19 820 829 26.26 810 819 26.28 800 809 26.29 790 799 26.21 780 789 26.27 770 779 26.21 760 769 26.28 750 759 26.36 740 749 26.25 730 739 26.27 720 729 26.29 710 719 26.22 700 709 26.27 690 699 26.04 680 689 26.31 670 679 26.22 660 669 26.32 650 659 26.19 640 649 26.22 630 639 26.33 620 629 26.15 610 619 26.42 600 609 26.35 590 599 26.28 580 589 26.44 570 579 26.30 560 569 26.22 550 559 26.31 540 549 26.41 530 539 26.39 520 529 26.27 510 519 26.23 500 509 26.18 490 499 26.32 480 489 26.36 470 479 26.18 460 469 26.33 450 459 26.17 440 449 26.23 430 439 26.23 420 429 26.27 410 419 26.31 400 409 26.36 390 399 26.35 380 389 26.33 370 379 26.23 360 369 26.33 350 359 26.20 340 349 26.35 330 339 26.35 320 329 26.20 310 319 26.36 300 309 26.30 290 299 26.24 280 289 26.47 270 279 26.30 260 269 26.31 250 259 26.19 240 249 26.26 230 239 26.17