# Schwarzsee ob Sölden, Austria Holocene Chironomid-Inferred July Temperature #----------------------------------------------------------------------- # World Data Service for Paleoclimatology, Boulder # and # NOAA Paleoclimatology Program # National Centers for Environmental Information (NCEI) #----------------------------------------------------------------------- # Template Version 3.0 # Encoding: UTF-8 # NOTE: Please cite Publication, and Online_Resource and date accessed when using these data. # If there is no publication information, please cite Investigators, Title, and Online_Resource and date accessed. # # Online_Resource: https://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/paleo/study/28550 # Description: NOAA Landing Page # Online_Resource: https://www1.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/insecta/chironomidae/europe/austria/schwarzsee2011cit.txt # Description: NOAA location of the template # # Original_Source_URL: # Description: # # Description/Documentation lines begin with # # Data lines have no # # # Archive: Climate Reconstructions # # Dataset DOI: # # Parameter_Keywords: air temperature #--------------------------------------- # Contribution_Date # Date: 2019-12-11 #--------------------------------------- # File_Last_Modified_Date # Date: 2019-12-11 #--------------------------------------- # Title # Study_Name: Schwarzsee ob Sölden, Austria Holocene Chironomid-Inferred July Temperature #--------------------------------------- # Investigators # Investigators: Ilyashuk, E.A.; Koinig, K.A.; Heiri, O.; Ilyashuk, B.P.; Psenner, R. #--------------------------------------- # Description_Notes_and_Keywords # Description: July air temperature reconstruction based on chironomid head capsules from Holocene sediments collected in Schwarzsee ob Sölden, Austria. # Provided Keywords: July air temperature, reconstruction, chironomid, Holocene, Eastern Alps #--------------------------------------- # Publication # Authors: Elena A. Ilyashuk, Karin A. Koinig, Oliver Heiri, Boris P. Ilyashuk, Roland Psenner # Published_Date_or_Year: 2011-01-01 # Published_Title: Holocene temperature variations at a high-altitude site in the Eastern Alps: a chironomid record from Schwarzsee ob Sölden, Austria # Journal_Name: Quaternary Science Reviews # Volume: 30 # Edition: # Issue: 1-2 # Pages: 176-191 # Report Number: # DOI: 10.1016/j.quascirev.2010.10.008 # Online_Resource: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0277379110003744 # Full_Citation: # Abstract: Few well-dated, quantitative Holocene temperature reconstructions exist from high-altitude sites in the Central Eastern Alps. Here, we present a chironomid-based quantitative reconstruction of mean July air temperatures (TJuly) throughout the Holocene for a remote high-mountain lake, Schwarzsee ob Sölden, situated above the treeline at 2796 m a.s.l. in the Austrian Alps. Applying a chironomid-temperature inference model developed from lakes of the Alpine region to a high-resolution chironomid record from the lake provides evidence for early Holocene (ca 10000-8600 cal yr BP) TJuly of up to 8.5 C, i.e. >4 C above the modern (1977-2006) mean July temperature. The reconstruction reveals the so-called '8.2-ka cold event' centered at ca 8250-8000 cal yr BP with temperatures ca 3 C below the early-Holocene thermal maximum. Rather warm (ca 6 C) and productive conditions prevailed during ca 7900-4500 cal yr BP. The chironomid record suggests a climate transition between ca 5200 and 4500 cal yr BP to cooler TJuly. A distinct cooling trend is evident from ca 4500 until ca 2500 cal yr BP. Thereafter, the study site experienced its coldest conditions (around 4 C or less) throughout the rest of the Holocene, with the exception of the warming trend during the late 20th century. Beside other factors, the Northern Hemisphere summer insolation seems to be the major driving force for the long-term trends in TJuly at high altitudes in the Eastern Alps. Due to the extreme location of the lake and the limited temperature range represented by the applied calibration data set, the chironomid-based temperature reconstruction fails to track phases of the late-Holocene climatic history with TJuly cooler than 4 C. Further chironomid-based palaeoclimate model and down-core studies are required to address this problem, provide more realistic TJuly estimates from undisturbed high-altitude lakes in the Alps, and extract a reliable regional temperature signal. #--------------------------------------- # Funding_Agency # Funding_Agency_Name: FWF Austrian Science Fund # Grant: FWF R29-N10 to Koinig K #--------------------------------------- # Funding_Agency # Funding_Agency_Name: FWF Austrian Science Fund # Grant: FWF M964-N10 to Ilyashuk E #--------------------------------------- # Site Information # Site_Name: Schwarzsee ob Sölden # Location: Europe>Western Europe>Austria # Country: Austria # Northernmost_Latitude: 46.9661 # Southernmost_Latitude: 46.9661 # Easternmost_Longitude: 10.9459 # Westernmost_Longitude: 10.9459 # Elevation: 2796 #--------------------------------------- # Data_Collection # Collection_Name: SchwarzseeSOS05-P1 # First_Year: 10200 # Last_Year: -36 # Time_Unit: cal yr BP # Core_Length: 1.59 # Notes: lake sampled 2005 - single core #--------------------------------------- # Chronology_Information # Chronology: # calibrated ages based on OxCal v3.10 (Bronk Ramsey 2005), continous age deph modelled with CageDepth (Heegaard et al., The Holocene 2005) # Labcode # depth_top # depth_bottom # mat.dated # 14C.raw # 14C.raw_err # datemeth # calib.14C # calib.14C_1sig_lo # calib.14C_1sig_up # calib_method # rejected # Labcode depth_top depth_bottom material datemeth 14C.raw 14C.raw_err calib.14C calib.14C_1sig_lo calib.14C_1sig_up calib_method rejected # VERA-50056 24 25 twig/root 14C AMS 2125 60 2080 2160 2000 OxCal v3.10 using IntCal04 NaN # VERA-50047 24 25 Picea needle ** 14C AMS 3090 148 3315 3370 3260 OxCal v3.10 using IntCal04 yes # VERA-50093 26 27 twig/root 14C AMS 2155 55 2120 2190 2050 OxCal v3.10 using IntCal04 NaN # VERA-50057 34 35 twig/root/moss 14C AMS 2470 30 2510 2550 2470 OxCal v3.10 using IntCal04 NaN # VERA-50094 39 40 Picea needle ** 14C AMS 3930 75 4345 4450 4240 OxCal v3.10 using IntCal04 yes # VERA-50095 60 61 Moss 14C AMS 3920 40 4360 4430 4290 OxCal v3.10 using IntCal04 NaN # VERA-50096 69 70 twig 14C AMS 4600 40 5305 5330 5280 OxCal v3.10 using IntCal04 NaN # VERA-50048 83 84 twig/root 14C AMS 5095 30 5790 5830 5750 OxCal v3.10 using IntCal04 NaN # VERA-50097 114 115 moss 14C AMS 6785 40 7635 7665 7605 OxCal v3.10 using IntCal04 NaN # VERA-50058 127 128 bud scale, needle 14C AMS 7312 30 8115 8180 8050 OxCal v3.10 using IntCal04 NaN # VERA-50059 147 148 twig/root/moss 14C AMS 8650 30 9583 9626 9540 OxCal v3.10 using IntCal04 NaN # #--------------------------------------- # Variables # Data variables follow that are preceded by "##" in columns one and two. # Variables list, one per line, shortname-tab-longname components (9 components: what, material, error, units, seasonality, archive, detail, method, C or N for Character or Numeric data) # ## depth depth,,,centimeter,,,,,N, middle depth ## age age,,,radiocarbon kiloyear before present,,,,,N, ## age-2s age,,two standard error lower bound,radiocarbon kiloyear before present,,,,,N, ## age+2s age,,two standard error upper bound,radiocarbon kiloyear before present,,,,,N, ## Tjuly air temperature,,,degree Celsius,July,Climate Reconstructions,,statistical analyses,N,chironomid inferred July air temperature reconstruction using weighted averaging based on chrionomid species composition ## Terr air temperature,,two standard error,degree Celsius,July,Climate Reconstructions,,statistical analyses,N,error chironomid inferred July air temperature reconstruction using weighted averaging based on chrionomid species composition ## Terr- air temperature,,two standard error lower bound,degree Celsius,July,Climate Reconstructions,,Microscope; computational; statistical analyses,N,error lower bound chironomid inferred July air temperature reconstruction using weighted averaging based on chrionomid species composition ## Terr+ air temperature,,two standard error upper bound,degree Celsius,July,Climate Reconstructions,,Microscope; computational; statistical analyses,N,error upper bound chironomid inferred July air temperature reconstruction using weighted averaging based on chrionomid species composition ## notes notes,,,,,,,,C,comment regarding limitation of temperature reconstruction in upper part of core: during the little ice age the temperatures at the study site are cooler than the coldest sites in the modern calibration data set # #------------------------ # Data # Data lines follow (have no #) # Data line format - tab-delimited text, variable short name as header # Missing Value: NaN depth age age-2s age+2s Tjuly Terr Terr- Terr+ notes 0.5 -36 -63 -10 4.96 1.69 3.27 6.65 1.5 -29 -65 7 4.21 1.70 2.51 5.91 2.5 -22 -67 23 5.45 1.69 3.77 7.14 3.5 -13 -65 39 4.20 1.70 2.50 5.90 4.5 -2 -59 55 4.21 1.70 2.51 5.91 outside data set range 5.5 14 -48 76 4.21 1.70 2.51 5.91 outside data set range 6.5 40 -27 107 4.18 1.70 2.48 5.88 outside data set range 7.5 79 7 151 4.19 1.70 2.49 5.89 outside data set range 8.5 133 55 212 4.67 1.69 2.98 6.36 outside data set range 9.5 205 118 292 4.17 1.70 2.47 5.86 outside data set range 10.5 291 196 386 4.17 1.70 2.47 5.87 outside data set range 11.5 390 287 494 4.17 1.70 2.47 5.86 outside data set range 12.5 501 389 613 4.16 1.70 2.46 5.86 outside data set range 13.5 621 501 742 4.17 1.70 2.47 5.87 outside data set range 14.5 749 620 878 4.18 1.70 2.48 5.88 outside data set range 15.5 853 698 1007 4.15 1.70 2.45 5.85 outside data set range 16.5 952 786 1119 4.15 1.70 2.45 5.85 outside data set range 17.5 1051 874 1229 4.19 1.70 2.49 5.89 outside data set range 18.5 1150 961 1339 4.17 1.70 2.48 5.87 outside data set range 19.5 1248 1047 1449 4.62 1.69 2.93 6.31 outside data set range 20.5 1345 1132 1557 4.18 1.70 2.48 5.88 outside data set range 21.5 1441 1217 1665 4.31 1.70 2.61 6.00 outside data set range 22.5 1537 1302 1773 4.19 1.70 2.49 5.89 outside data set range 23.5 1632 1385 1879 4.17 1.70 2.47 5.87 outside data set range 24.5 1726 1474 1978 4.67 1.68 2.99 6.35 outside data set range 25.5 1819 1568 2070 4.15 1.70 2.45 5.85 outside data set range 26.5 1911 1661 2162 4.14 1.70 2.44 5.84 outside data set range 27.5 2003 1752 2253 4.15 1.70 2.45 5.85 outside data set range 28.5 2093 1842 2344 4.18 1.70 2.48 5.88 outside data set range 29.5 2182 1931 2434 4.19 1.70 2.49 5.89 outside data set range 30.5 2271 2019 2523 4.18 1.70 2.48 5.88 outside data set range 31.5 2359 2106 2611 4.16 1.70 2.46 5.86 outside data set range 32.5 2446 2192 2699 4.15 1.70 2.45 5.85 outside data set range 33.5 2532 2278 2785 4.65 1.69 2.96 6.34 34.5 2617 2363 2871 4.21 1.70 2.51 5.91 35.5 2702 2446 2957 4.73 1.69 3.05 6.42 36.5 2785 2529 3041 4.23 1.70 2.52 5.93 37.5 2868 2612 3125 4.78 1.69 3.09 6.47 38.5 2951 2693 3209 4.22 1.70 2.52 5.92 39.5 3032 2774 3291 5.13 1.68 3.45 6.81 40.5 3113 2854 3373 4.20 1.70 2.50 5.90 41.5 3193 2933 3454 4.21 1.70 2.50 5.91 42.5 3273 3012 3534 4.19 1.70 2.49 5.89 43.5 3352 3089 3614 5.45 1.68 3.78 7.13 44.5 3430 3166 3693 4.66 1.69 2.97 6.35 45.5 3507 3243 3771 5.11 1.68 3.43 6.79 46.5 3583 3319 3848 6.72 1.67 5.05 8.39 47.5 3659 3394 3925 5.60 1.67 3.92 7.27 48.5 3735 3468 4001 4.85 1.69 3.17 6.54 49.5 3809 3542 4077 6.34 1.68 4.66 8.02 50.5 3883 3615 4151 5.98 1.68 4.30 7.65 51.5 3956 3687 4226 5.87 1.67 4.20 7.55 52.5 4029 3759 4299 4.91 1.68 3.22 6.59 53.5 4101 3830 4372 5.51 1.68 3.83 7.19 54.5 4172 3900 4444 6.22 1.68 4.54 7.89 55.5 4243 3970 4516 5.73 1.67 4.06 7.40 56.5 4313 4039 4587 6.60 1.67 4.93 8.26 57.5 4382 4108 4657 5.76 1.68 4.09 7.44 58.5 4451 4176 4727 6.24 1.68 4.56 7.91 59.5 4519 4243 4796 6.32 1.67 4.64 7.99 60.5 4587 4313 4861 6.40 1.67 4.73 8.07 61.5 4654 4385 4923 7.44 1.67 5.76 9.11 62.5 4720 4457 4984 5.98 1.68 4.30 7.66 63.5 4786 4528 5044 6.31 1.68 4.63 7.99 64.5 4851 4599 5104 5.02 1.69 3.33 6.72 65.5 4916 4668 5163 5.55 1.68 3.87 7.23 66.5 4979 4737 5221 5.90 1.68 4.22 7.58 67.5 5042 4806 5279 5.40 1.69 3.71 7.08 68.5 5105 4873 5336 6.64 1.68 4.96 8.31 69.5 5166 4936 5396 6.57 1.67 4.90 8.25 70.5 5227 4995 5459 5.42 1.69 3.74 7.11 71.5 5287 5053 5521 5.59 1.69 3.90 7.28 72.5 5346 5110 5582 6.32 1.68 4.64 8.00 73.5 5405 5167 5643 6.12 1.69 4.43 7.80 74.5 5463 5223 5704 5.80 1.69 4.11 7.49 75.5 5521 5279 5764 5.32 1.69 3.63 7.01 76.5 5578 5334 5823 6.56 1.67 4.88 8.23 77.5 5635 5389 5882 6.17 1.68 4.49 7.86 78.5 5692 5443 5940 5.84 1.69 4.15 7.53 79.5 5748 5497 5998 6.69 1.68 5.01 8.36 80.5 5803 5550 6056 6.47 1.68 4.79 8.15 81.5 5859 5604 6114 4.94 1.70 3.24 6.64 82.5 5914 5657 6171 4.96 1.70 3.26 6.66 83.5 5969 5711 6227 4.92 1.69 3.23 6.62 84.5 6024 5765 6283 6.40 1.68 4.73 8.08 85.5 6079 5820 6338 5.45 1.70 3.75 7.15 86.5 6133 5874 6393 6.43 1.68 4.75 8.11 87.5 6188 5928 6447 5.53 1.69 3.85 7.22 88.5 6242 5982 6502 6.75 1.68 5.08 8.43 89.5 6296 6036 6557 6.95 1.68 5.27 8.62 90.5 6350 6090 6611 5.89 1.68 4.21 7.58 91.5 6404 6144 6665 7.03 1.68 5.36 8.71 92.5 6458 6197 6720 5.44 1.69 3.75 7.13 93.5 6512 6251 6774 6.74 1.68 5.06 8.41 94.5 6566 6304 6828 6.20 1.68 4.52 7.89 95.5 6620 6358 6882 5.96 1.69 4.27 7.65 96.5 6674 6411 6936 6.51 1.68 4.83 8.19 97.5 6727 6464 6990 6.10 1.69 4.41 7.78 98.5 6781 6518 7044 6.40 1.68 4.72 8.08 99.5 6834 6571 7098 5.64 1.70 3.94 7.34 100.5 6888 6624 7152 5.31 1.69 3.61 7.00 101.5 6941 6677 7205 6.10 1.68 4.42 7.78 102.5 6995 6731 7259 6.19 1.69 4.50 7.88 103.5 7049 6784 7313 6.00 1.68 4.32 7.69 104.5 7102 6837 7367 5.37 1.69 3.68 7.06 105.5 7156 6891 7421 5.84 1.69 4.15 7.53 106.5 7209 6944 7475 5.11 1.70 3.41 6.81 107.5 7263 6997 7529 6.57 1.68 4.90 8.25 108.5 7317 7051 7583 6.16 1.68 4.48 7.84 109.5 7371 7104 7637 6.88 1.67 5.21 8.56 110.5 7424 7158 7691 6.36 1.68 4.69 8.04 111.5 7478 7211 7745 6.72 1.68 5.05 8.40 112.5 7532 7265 7800 5.38 1.69 3.69 7.07 113.5 7586 7319 7854 4.97 1.70 3.27 6.67 114.5 7641 7372 7910 5.53 1.70 3.83 7.23 115.5 7695 7424 7966 6.25 1.68 4.57 7.93 116.5 7749 7476 8022 6.35 1.68 4.67 8.03 117.5 7804 7529 8079 6.46 1.68 4.79 8.14 118.5 7859 7582 8136 5.46 1.70 3.76 7.17 119.5 7914 7635 8193 5.39 1.68 3.71 7.06 120.5 7969 7688 8250 4.68 1.69 2.99 6.37 121.5 8024 7741 8307 5.20 1.69 3.51 6.89 122.5 8080 7795 8365 5.21 1.69 3.52 6.90 123.5 8136 7848 8423 4.82 1.69 3.13 6.52 124.5 8192 7902 8481 5.19 1.69 3.49 6.88 125.5 8248 7957 8539 5.86 1.69 4.17 7.55 126.5 8304 8011 8598 7.22 1.67 5.55 8.89 127.5 8361 8065 8658 7.19 1.67 5.53 8.86 128.5 8419 8117 8720 6.54 1.67 4.86 8.21 129.5 8476 8170 8782 6.46 1.67 4.79 8.13 130.5 8534 8223 8845 6.02 1.69 4.33 7.70 131.5 8592 8276 8908 6.27 1.69 4.58 7.95 132.5 8650 8329 8971 7.39 1.67 5.72 9.06 133.5 8708 8383 9034 7.99 1.66 6.34 9.65 134.5 8767 8437 9097 6.97 1.67 5.30 8.64 135.5 8826 8491 9161 7.48 1.66 5.82 9.14 136.5 8885 8545 9225 7.49 1.67 5.82 9.16 137.5 8944 8599 9289 7.78 1.66 6.12 9.44 138.5 9003 8654 9353 7.62 1.66 5.96 9.29 139.5 9063 8709 9417 8.56 1.66 6.90 10.23 140.5 9122 8763 9481 8.74 1.66 7.08 10.40 141.5 9182 8818 9546 8.57 1.66 6.91 10.24 142.5 9242 8873 9610 8.27 1.66 6.61 9.93 143.5 9301 8928 9675 9.02 1.66 7.36 10.67 144.5 9361 8983 9739 8.31 1.66 6.65 9.97 145.5 9421 9038 9804 8.18 1.66 6.52 9.84 146.5 9481 9094 9869 7.38 1.68 5.71 9.06 147.5 9541 9151 9931 7.33 1.66 5.66 8.99 148.5 9601 9211 9991 8.40 1.66 6.74 10.06 149.5 9661 9271 10051 8.50 1.66 6.84 10.16 150.5 9721 9331 10111 7.70 1.66 6.04 9.36 151.5 9781 9391 10171 9.17 1.66 7.51 10.83 152.5 9841 9451 10231 7.91 1.67 6.24 9.58 153.5 9901 9511 10291 8.17 1.66 6.51 9.83 154.5 9961 9571 10351 8.21 1.66 6.55 9.87 155.5 10020 9630 10410 7.22 1.66 5.55 8.88 156.5 10080 9690 10470 4.69 1.69 3.00 6.38 157.5 10140 9750 10530 5.68 1.68 4.00 7.36 158.5 10200 9810 10590 4.18 1.70 2.48 5.88