# Western Kentucky LGM Peoria Loess Gastropod Data and July Temperature #----------------------------------------------------------------------- # World Data Service for Paleoclimatology, Boulder # and # NOAA Paleoclimatology Program #----------------------------------------------------------------------- # Template Version 3.0 # Encoding: UTF-8 # NOTE: Please cite original publication, online resource and date accessed when using this data. # If there is no publication information, please cite Investigator, title, online resource and date accessed. # # Description/Documentation lines begin with # # Data lines have no # # # Online_Resource: https://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/paleo/study/34072 # Description: NOAA Landing Page # Online_Resource: https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/loess/peoria/rocks2020species-temp.txt # Description: NOAA location of the template # # Data_Type: Loess # # Dataset_DOI: # # Parameter_Keywords: #--------------------------------------- # Contribution_Date # Date: 2021-08-31 #--------------------------------------- # File_Last_Modified_Date # Date: 2021-08-31 #--------------------------------------- # Title # Study_Name: Western Kentucky LGM Peoria Loess Gastropod Data and July Temperature #--------------------------------------- # Investigators # Investigators: Grimley, D.A.; Counts, R.C.; Conroy, J.L.; Wang, H.; Dendy, S.N.; Nield, C.B. #--------------------------------------- # Description_Notes_and_Keywords # Description: Terrestrial gastropod assemblage and stable isotope (d13C, d18O) data and July temperature estimates from Peoria Loess of The Rocks section, western Kentucky, for the Last Glacial Maximum (~30-24ka). # Provided Keywords: gastropods, terrestrial, radiocarbon, isotopes #--------------------------------------- # Publication # Authors: David A. Grimley, Ronald C. Counts, Jessica L. Conroy, Hong Wang, Sarah N. Dendy, Catherine B. Nield # Published_Date_or_Year: 2020-07-01 # Published_Title: Last glacial maximum ecology and climate from terrestrial gastropod assemblages in Peoria loess, western Kentucky # Journal_Name: Journal of Quaternary Science # Volume: 35 # Edition: # Issue: 5 # Pages: 650-663 # Report_Number: # DOI: 10.1002/jqs.3206 # Online_Resource: https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/jqs.3206 # Full_Citation: # Abstract: The Rocks loess section, in unglaciated western Kentucky, provides a high-resolution environmental record during the last glacial maximum onset. The Peoria Silt (9 m thick) contains 26 terrestrial gastropod species, with up to 15 species within a single 5 cm interval. Thirteen radiocarbon ages, using shells or charcoal, range between 30 and 24.5 cal ka; younger loess has been leached or eroded. Stratigraphic shifts in gastropod assemblages imply significant cooling, particularly ~27 cal ka, as solar insolation was decreasing and the southern Laurentide Ice Sheet rapidly advancing. Midwestern to southern species (e.g. Anguispira kochi, Gastrocopta pentodon, Hawaii miniscula, Helicodiscus parallelus, Vallonia perspectiva) occur only in the lowermost Peoria Silt (~30-27 cal ka). In contrast, cold-tolerant species (Columella alticola, Vertigo modesta, Vallonia gracilicosta) occur only in full glacial Peoria Silt (27-24.5 cal ka). Inferred mean July temperatures, from mutual climatic range methods, range from ~23C at 30 cal ka, cooling to ~18C by 26 cal ka; about 3-8C cooler than today (~26C). Superimposed on this cooling trend are multi-centennial variations in detrital carbonate, fossil shell concentrations, palaeotemperature estimates, and oxygen isotope values (Vertigo, Discus, Helicodiscus). The finer-scale variations imply relatively synchronous fluctuations in glacial sediment supply, loess sedimentation, and climate. #--------------------------------------- # Funding_Agency # Funding_Agency_Name: US National Science Foundation # Grant: NSF-GLD 16-37481 #--------------------------------------- # Site_Information # Site_Name: Rocks Section # Location: North America>United States Of America>Kentucky # Northernmost_Latitude: 37.67708 # Southernmost_Latitude: 37.67708 # Easternmost_Longitude: -88.09786 # Westernmost_Longitude: -88.09786 # Elevation: 135 #--------------------------------------- # Data_Collection # Collection_Name: Rocks2020SpeciesTemp # First_Year: 30173 # Last_Year: 24523 # Time_Unit: cal. yr BP # Core_Length: # Notes: Gastropod species counts and July temperature reconstruction. Rocks Section A and B (composite section based on 2 outcrops about 22 m apart); Section B (37.67700N, 88.09780W); Section A (37.67717N, 88.09792W) #--------------------------------------- # Chronology_Information # Chronology: # # ISGS# ISGS laboratory sample number for radiocarbon age # Sample Name name of sample from field bag # Depth (cm); Section A equivalent equivalent depth (cm below top of Section A) in Section A units (converted for Section B) # Geologic Unit lithostratigraphic unit (last glacial loess unit) # Material (with gastropod genera) material dated (shell or charcoal); with gastropod genera indicated # d13C carbon-13 isotope anomaly (two samples did not have enough mass for this measurement) # 14C ka BP age in radiocarbon years # ± one sigma error for radiocarbon date # cal yr BP age in calibrated radiocarbon years; using IntCal13 calibration curve (Reimer et al., 2013) # ± one sigma error for calibrated radiocarbon date # # ISGS # Sample Name Depth [cm]; Section A equivalent Geologic Unit Material (w/gastropod genera) d13C 14C ka BP ± cal yr BP ± # A3984 RocksA-182.5 cm 182.5 Peoria Silt Discus shell -- 21190 150 25530 170 # A3151 RocksA-217.5 cm 217.5 Peoria Silt Discus shell -6 20590 130 24800 225 # A3985 RocksA-292.5 cm 292.5 Peoria Silt Discus shell -6.8 21020 150 25370 175 # A3152 RocksA-352.5 cm 352.5 Peoria Silt Discus shell -4.9 21860 110 26070 125 # A3153 RocksA-412.5 cm 412.5 Peoria Silt Discus shell -6 21950 110 26150 125 # A4621 RocksA-462.5 cm (H) 462.5 Peoria Silt Hendersonia shell -6 21310 50 25660 80 # A4622 RocksA-462.5 cm (D) 462.5 Peoria Silt Discus shell -5 22700 70 27080 150 # A3986 RocksA-502.5 cm 502.5 Peoria Silt Discus shell -- 23390 200 27590 150 # A3154 RocksA-592.5 cm 592.5 Peoria Silt Stenotrema shell -6.2 23970 160 28020 175 # A4623 RocksA-637.5 cm 637.5 Peoria Silt Hendersonia shell 6 23580 70 27710 80 # A1184 RocksB-2.75 m 710 Peoria Silt charcoal -22.1 24880 110 28900 150 # A3155 RocksB-3.075 m 742.5 Peoria Silt -Roxana Silt transition Stenotrema shell -8.8 25740 200 29950 300 # A4620 RocksB-3.475 m 782.5 Peoria Silt -Roxana Silt transition Stenotrema shell -8.8 25790 80 30000 200 # #--------------------------------------- # Variables # Data variables follow that are preceded by "##" in columns one and two. # Variables list, one per line, shortname-tab-longname components (9 components: what, material, error, units, seasonality, archive, detail, method, C or N for Character or Numeric data) # ## Sub-Section sample identification,,,,,loess and paleosol,,,C, Section A or B ## OrigDepth depth,,,meter,,loess and paleosol,,,N,Original Depth ## CompositeSectionDepth depth,,,centimeter,,loess and paleosol,,,N,Depth below top of Section A ## FieldNotes notes,,,,,loess and paleosol,,,C,Field Description ## Comments notes,,,,,loess and paleosol,,,C, ## Anguispira_alternata identified gastropod,,,count,,loess and paleosol,,,N,Anguispira alternata ## immature_A_alternata identified gastropod,,,count,,loess and paleosol,,,N,immature A. alternata ## Anguispira_kochi identified gastropod,,,count,,loess and paleosol,,,N,Anguispira kochi ## immature_A_kochi identified gastropod,,,count,,loess and paleosol,,,N,immature A. kochi ## Columella_alticola identified gastropod,,,count,,loess and paleosol,,,N,Columella alticola ## Columella_simplex identified gastropod,,,count,,loess and paleosol,,,N,Columella simplex ## Discus_whitneyi identified gastropod,,,count,,loess and paleosol,,,N,Discus whitneyi ## immature_D_whitneyi identified gastropod,,,count,,loess and paleosol,,,N,immature D. whitneyi ## Euconulus_fulvus identified gastropod,,,count,,loess and paleosol,,,N,Euconulus fulvus ## immature_E_fulvus identified gastropod,,,count,,loess and paleosol,,,N,immature E. fulvus ## Gastrocopta_armifera identified gastropod,,,count,,loess and paleosol,,,N,Gastrocopta armifera ## Gastrocopta_contracta identified gastropod,,,count,,loess and paleosol,,,N,Gastrocopta contracta ## Gastrocopta_holzingeri identified gastropod,,,count,,loess and paleosol,,,N,Gastrocopta holzingeri ## Gastrocopta_pentadon identified gastropod,,,count,,loess and paleosol,,,N,Gastrocopta pentadon ## Hawaii_miniscula identified gastropod,,,count,,loess and paleosol,,,N,Hawaii miniscula ## Helicodiscus_parallelus identified gastropod,,,count,,loess and paleosol,,,N,Helicodiscus parallelus ## immature_H_parallelus identified gastropod,,,count,,loess and paleosol,,,N,immature H. parallelus ## Hendersonia_occulta identified gastropod,,,count,,loess and paleosol,,,N,Hendersonia occulta ## immature_H_occulta identified gastropod,,,count,,loess and paleosol,,,N,immature H. occulta ## Nesovitrea_electrina-binneyana identified gastropod,,,count,,loess and paleosol,,,N,Nesovitrea electrina-binneyana ## immature_Nesovitrea identified gastropod,,,count,,loess and paleosol,,,N,immature Nesovitrea ## Punctum_minutissimum identified gastropod,,,count,,loess and paleosol,,,N,Punctum minutissimum ## Stenotrema_barbatum identified gastropod,,,count,,loess and paleosol,,,N,Stenotrema barbatum ## Euchemotrema_fraternum identified gastropod,,,count,,loess and paleosol,,,N,Euchemotrema fraternum ## immature_Stenotrema_sp identified gastropod,,,count,,loess and paleosol,,,N,immature Stenotrema sp. ## Strobilops_labyrinthica identified gastropod,,,count,,loess and paleosol,,,N,Strobilops labyrinthica ## immature_S_labyrinthica identified gastropod,,,count,,loess and paleosol,,,N,immature S. labyrinthica ## Succinea/Catinella identified gastropod,,,count,,loess and paleosol,,,N,Succinea/Catinella ## Vallonia_gracilicosta identified gastropod,,,count,,loess and paleosol,,,N,Vallonia gracilicosta ## Vallonia_perspectiva identified gastropod,,,count,,loess and paleosol,,,N,Vallonia perspectiva ## Vertigo_gouldii identified gastropod,,,count,,loess and paleosol,,,N,Vertigo gouldii ## Vertigo_hubrichti-paradoxa identified gastropod,,,count,,loess and paleosol,,,N,Vertigo hubrichti-paradoxa ## Vertigo_modesta identified gastropod,,,count,,loess and paleosol,,,N,Vertigo modesta ## Vertigo_sp identified gastropod,,,count,,loess and paleosol,,,N,Vertigo (sp.) ## Xolotrema(Triodopsis)_fosteri identified gastropod,,,count,,loess and paleosol,,,N,Xolotrema (Triodopsis) fosteri ## Zonitoides_arboreus identified gastropod,,,count,,loess and paleosol,,,N,Zonitoides arboreus ## gastropodEggs gastropod index,,,count,,loess and paleosol,,,N,number of gastropod eggs(~1mm) ## TotalShells total gastropods,,,count,,loess and paleosol,,,N,total number of shells in sample interval ## SampleMass mass,loess,,gram,,loess and paleosol,,,N, ## shells/kg gastropod index,,,count per kilogram,,loess and paleosol,,,N,shells per kilogram ## SpeciesRichness diversity index,,,count,,loess and paleosol,,,N,number of taxa ## CHCZzone notes,,,dimensionless,,loess and paleosol,,,N,Constrained Hierarchical Clustering Zones w weighted indicator species: 8 zones ## comp-sect-depth depth,,,centimeter,,loess and paleosol,,,N, composite section depth (cm) ## age age,,,calendar year before present,,loess and paleosol,,,N,Bayesian age model ## Carb% carbonate,loess,,percent ,,loess and paleosol,,,N, Carbonate (%); < 74 um fraction; Dissolution and capture of CO2 gas ## minMJT air temperature,,range lower bound,degree Celsius,Jul,climate reconstructions;loess and paleosol,,,N, Minimum July temperature estimate based on Terrestrial gastropod mutual climatic range ## maxMJT air temperature,,range upper bound,degree Celsius,Jul,climate reconstructions;loess and paleosol,,,N, Maximum July temperature estimate based on Terrestrial gastropod mutual climatic range ## midMJT air temperature,,,degree Celsius,Jul,climate reconstructions;loess and paleosol,,,N, Mean July temperature estimate based on Terrestrial gastropod mutual climatic range # #------------------------ # Data: # Data lines follow (have no #) # Data line format - tab-delimited text, variable short name as header # Missing_Values: # Sub-Section OrigDepth CompositeSectionDepth FieldNotes Comments Anguispira_alternata immature_A_alternata Anguispira_kochi immature_A_kochi Columella_alticola Columella_simplex Discus_whitneyi immature_D_whitneyi Euconulus_fulvus immature_E_fulvus Gastrocopta_armifera Gastrocopta_contracta Gastrocopta_holzingeri Gastrocopta_pentadon Hawaii_miniscula Helicodiscus_parallelus immature_H_parallelus Hendersonia_occulta immature_H_occulta Nesovitrea_electrina-binneyana immature_Nesovitrea Punctum_minutissimum Stenotrema_barbatum Euchemotrema_fraternum immature_Stenotrema_sp Strobilops_labyrinthica immature_S_labyrinthica Succinea/Catinella Vallonia_gracilicosta Vallonia_perspectiva Vertigo_gouldii Vertigo_hubrichti-paradoxa Vertigo_modesta Vertigo_sp Xolotrema(Triodopsis)_fosteri Zonitoides_arboreus gastropodEggs TotalShells SampleMass shells/kg SpeciesRichness CHCZzone comp-sect-depth age Carb% minMJT maxMJT midMJT 177.5 177.5 11.5 A 1.825 182.5 21,190 ± 150 (Discus shells C-14, A-3984) 1 5 6 1 2 8 8 4 17 52 2197 23.7 6 1 182.5 24523 26.5 18.4 19.4 18.9 A 1.875 187.5 slightly weathered 3 11 1 1 27 16 8 8 1 76 2175 34.9 7 1 187.5 24564 26.7 14.7 19.4 17.1 A 1.925 192.5 4 10 1 1 4 27 46 8 11 112 2789 40.2 7 1 192.5 24605 23.9 18.4 19.4 18.9 A 1.975 197.5 1 5 8 4 1 19 2280 8.3 3 1 197.5 24648 16.9 17.6 23.0 20.3 A 2.025 202.5 2 16 10 6 1 2 3 1 5 46 2570 17.9 5 1 202.5 24691 20.3 18.4 23.8 21.1 A 2.075 207.5 1 3 1 2 5 5 4 3 26 2 1 53 2021 26.2 6 1 207.5 24734 27.3 17.6 23.8 20.7 A 2.125 212.5 1 2 1 1 21 2 28 1949 14.4 4 1 212.5 24778 29.7 18.4 23.8 21.1 A 2.175 217.5 20,590 ± 130 (Discus shells C-14) 1 12 16 4 2 4 3 1 33 2 78 2013 38.7 6 1 217.5 24821 32.3 18.4 23.8 21.1 A 2.225 222.5 1 2 6 12 3 2 3 2 1 16 1 2 51 1835 27.8 8 2 222.5 24864 32.9 18.4 19.4 18.9 A 2.275 227.5 9 16 4 2 4 6 3 7 1 2 3 8 1 66 2500 26.4 9 2 227.5 24907 30.7 18.4 19.4 18.9 A 2.325 232.5 1 7 11 3 2 2 5 2 10 4 7 1 55 1941 28.3 7 2 232.5 24949 31.0 18.4 19.4 18.9 A 2.375 237.5 11 21 3 2 2 2 2 29 3 3 5 1 84 1737 48.4 8 2 237.5 24993 31.1 18.4 19.4 18.9 A 2.425 242.5 1 11 13 4 2 3 4 15 9 5 1 68 2332 29.2 6 2 242.5 25036 27.6 18.4 19.4 18.9 A 2.475 247.5 secondary carbonate common 1 2 3 15 1 7 12 1 22 3 1 43 1 112 1948 57.5 10 2 247.5 25078 21.0 19.2 19.4 19.3 A 2.525 252.5 1 1 12 2 3 12 10 33 10 84 1075 78.1 8 2 252.5 25121 22.0 18.4 19.4 18.9 A 2.575 257.5 secondary carbonate common 2 11 18 2 7 2 5 21 18 15 101 1577 64.1 7 2 257.5 25164 25.4 18.4 19.4 18.9 A 2.625 262.5 1 1 6 2 10 5 8 7 40 1786 22.4 6 2 262.5 25207 26.7 17.6 19.4 18.5 A 2.675 267.5 2 5 1 2 2 4 5 9 14 44 1626 27.1 7 2 267.5 25249 28.1 18.4 19.4 18.9 A 2.725 272.5 1 2 4 12 1 10 2 12 10 10 16 80 1629 49.1 8 2 272.5 25293 29.4 18.4 19.4 18.9 A 2.775 277.5 1 5 8 3 2 2 5 1 (juv.) 4 9 8 1 48 1667 28.8 7 2 277.5 25336 27.1 18.4 19.4 18.9 A 2.825 282.5 2 5 14 3 3 5 6 10 20 2 70 2109 33.2 7 2 282.5 25380 28.5 18.4 16.4 17.4 A 2.875 287.5 2 10 1 4 8 10 4 24 1 64 1728 37.0 8 3 287.5 25424 24.2 18.4 19.4 18.9 A 2.925 292.5 21,020 ± 150 (Discus shells C-14; A-3985) 3 9 16 1 1 2 3 21 7 2 30 2 97 1746 55.6 8 3 292.5 25468 21.0 19.2 23.0 21.1 A 2.975 297.5 1 2 4 5 5 1 12 2 21 1 54 2196 24.6 7 3 297.5 25512 18.3 18.4 19.4 18.9 A 3.025 302.5 weathered; secondary carbonate 1 1 1 2 3 8 2005 4.0 4 3 302.5 25558 20.3 18.4 19.4 18.9 A 3.075 307.5 weathered 3 1 1 (juv.) 1 5 1673 3.0 2 3 307.5 25604 22.6 18.4 23.0 20.7 A 3.125 312.5 weathered; broken 2 1 3 1961 1.5 2 3 312.5 25650 18.7 18.4 19.4 18.9 A 3.175 317.5 weathered 1 1 1690 0.6 1 3 317.5 25695 15.2 -999 -999 -999 A 3.225 322.5 weathered; secondary carbonate 2 3 3 1 .. 4 1 14 2246 6.2 5 3 322.5 25741 20.7 18.4 19.4 18.9 A 3.275 327.5 weathered; secondary carbonate 3 6 1 4 3 7 2 26 1965 13.2 6 3 327.5 25787 21.3 18.4 19.4 18.9 A 3.325 332.5 1 8 19 2 23 1 23 6 17 100 1948 51.3 8 3 332.5 25833 26.9 18.4 19.4 18.9 A 3.375 337.5 1 7 22 1 1 3 2 11 14 10 21 93 2215 42.0 8 4 337.5 25880 23.8 18.4 16.4 17.4 A 3.425 342.5 1 1 5 17 1 1 1 27 2 20 10 19 105 1883 55.8 10 4 342.5 25926 25.1 18.4 16.4 17.4 A 3.475 347.5 2 2 4 7 1 2 3 19 7 7 23 1 78 2097 37.2 7 4 347.5 25970 21.7 18.4 16.4 17.4 A 3.525 352.5 21,860 ± 110 (Discus shells C-14) 1 1 10 16 10 3 2 15 8 1 39 1 107 2218 48.3 8 4 352.5 26017 23.0 18.4 16.4 17.4 A 3.575 357.5 1 1 2 6 1 26 26 2 29 94 1580 59.5 8 4 357.5 26060 21.3 18.4 16.4 17.4 A 3.625 362.5 weathered; secondary carbonate 4 1 2 9 16 1383 11.6 3 4 362.5 26101 15.8 14.6 19.4 17.0 A 3.675 367.5 weathered; secondary carbonate 2 2 2 6 2045 2.9 3 4 367.5 26143 9.2 14.7 19.4 17.1 A 3.725 372.5 weathered (broken, white shells) 1 1 2 1 2 4 5 16 1947 8.2 6 4 372.5 26186 13.7 17.6 19.4 18.5 A 3.775 377.5 1 1 6 9 1 1 10 2 11 21 63 2041 30.9 9 4 377.5 26228 13.9 18.4 16.4 17.4 A 3.825 382.5 6 3 4 9 2 2 1 2 4 5 19 57 1777 32.1 9 4 382.5 26228 17.7 18.4 16.4 17.4 A 3.875 387.5 1 6 8 1 3 1 9 1 7 3 5 18 63 1925 32.7 10 4 387.5 26269 21.0 18.4 16.4 17.4 A 3.925 392.5 1 7 1 2 2 1 6 8 4 2 2 36 2042 17.6 8 4 392.5 26310 15.1 18.4 19.4 18.9 A 3.975 397.5 prob. weathered 0 1870 0.0 0 4 397.5 26352 12.6 -999 -999 -999 A 4.025 402.5 secondary carb; weathered shells 1 1 1 6 9 2059 4.4 4 4 402.5 26437 13.2 18.4 23.0 20.7 A 4.075 407.5 2 1 1 4 53 2 6 3 72 2261 31.8 6 4 407.5 26479 15.4 18.4 19.4 18.9 A 4.125 412.5 21,950 ± 110 (Discus shells C-14) 1 1 6 10 1 21 5 2 2 1 50 1753 28.5 7 4 412.5 26524 20.1 18.4 19.4 18.9 A 4.175 417.5 4 1 1 2 22 4 6 40 2028 19.7 4 4 417.5 26572 21.2 18.4 19.4 18.9 A 4.225 422.5 3 3 3 1 1 1 63 5 2 5 5 2 94 2209 42.6 9 4 422.5 26624 20.2 18.4 19.4 18.9 A 4.275 427.5 2 1 3 3 3 4 18 5 7 19 7 2 74 2100 35.2 10 4 427.5 26675 22.5 18.4 16.4 17.4 A 4.325 432.5 Soft loess; small gastropods 1Y 5/4; low clay; strongly dolomitic 6 2 10 2 1 5 30 3 13 30 102 1910 53.4 8 4 432.5 26727 23.4 18.4 16.4 17.4 A 4.375 437.5 3 7 2 2 2 27 4 4 10 20 1 82 1961 41.8 8 4 437.5 26779 22.2 18.4 19.4 18.9 A 4.425 442.5 4 7 2 1 3 1 65 9 8 10 3 113 1960 57.6 7 4 442.5 26831 18.4 18.4 19.4 18.9 A 4.475 447.5 8 2 2 4 1 68 1 22 2 1 111 2054 54.0 5 5 447.5 26885 16.3 18.4 23.0 20.7 A 4.525 452.5 3 4 5 4 1 2 2 66 7 2 1 2 99 2081 47.6 8 5 452.5 26938 16.7 18.4 19.4 18.9 A 4.575 457.5 1 1 5 6 3 1 4 2 1 60 1 4 18 2 2 5 116 2529 45.9 11 5 457.5 26990 19.5 18.4 19.4 18.9 A 4.625 462.5 (22,700 ± 70 Discus[2]; 21,310 ± 50 Hendersonia[2]) C-14 3 13 9 5 1 4 2 3 50 1 5 16 2 2 116 2748 42.2 10 5 462.5 27042 21.5 18.4 19.4 18.9 A 4.675 467.5 3 4 2 4 2 1 65 1 7 3 1 5 1 99 2151 46.0 10 5 467.5 27090 19.5 20.4 19.4 19.9 A 4.725 472.5 2 1 12 6 1 1 3 1 26 8 3 13 4 81 2441 33.2 9 5 472.5 27133 19.6 18.4 23.0 20.7 A 4.775 477.5 4 2 1 9 10 2 1 1 70 2 5 107 2712 39.5 8 5 477.5 27177 20.5 18.4 23.8 21.1 A 4.825 482.5 1 2 11 2 18 14 48 2204 21.8 4 5 482.5 27221 15.2 17.9 23.8 20.9 A 4.875 487.5 10YR 5/4; mottled greyish-brown; paleosols in this zone; more clay than above precipitate on Vertigo shells / weathered 2 1 3 5 1 12 2829 4.2 5 5 487.5 27266 17.0 22.1 24.6 23.4 A 4.925 492.5 4 12 1 10 1 13 2 43 2840 15.1 6 5 492.5 27312 18.6 18.4 23.0 20.7 A 4.975 497.5 1 13 16 9 2 2 15 14 2 74 2442 30.3 7 5 497.5 27357 22.2 18.4 23.0 20.7 5.025 502.5 23,390 ± 200 (Discus shells C-14; A-3986) 1 9 1 2 2 25 7 5 1 53 2930 18.1 8 5 502.5 27401 21.3 18.4 23.0 20.7 A 5.075 507.5 3 7 8 2 4 1 1 1 1 40 7 10 5 90 2614 34.4 9 5 507.5 27442 19.4 18.5 23.0 20.8 A 5.125 512.5 1 4 8 1 1 3 1 22 1 10 17 1 70 1932 36.2 7 5 512.5 27482 21.4 18.5 23.0 20.8 A 5.175 517.5 3 6 6 1 1 20 2 1 1 6 1 5 6 9 68 2336 29.1 10 5 517.5 27521 19.3 20.4 23.0 21.7 A 5.225 522.5 secondary carbonate 1 3 5 1 1 2 23 8 5 2 1 52 2080 25.0 8 5 522.5 27559 16.4 18.4 23.0 20.7 A 5.275 527.5 secondary carbonate 1 7 1 2 1 1 2 21 2 5 1 3 47 2005 23.4 9 5 527.5 27598 18.1 18.5 23.8 21.2 A 5.325 532.5 6 1 5 3 1 1 2 2 36 2 10 69 1957 35.3 8 5 532.5 27637 20.9 18.5 23.8 21.2 A 5.375 537.5 5 12 2 1 1 2 4 40 1 5 73 2285 31.9 6 5 537.5 27676 14.6 18.5 23.8 21.2 A 5.425 542.5 secondary carbonate 5 2 3 36 2 7 1 56 2006 27.9 5 5 542.5 27715 17.1 18.5 23.8 21.2 A 5.475 547.5 slightly darker brown 10YR 5/4; massive to wk. crumb, minor secondary carbonate 1 6 1 1 2 3 6 65 1 1 6 3 1 97 2845 34.1 10 5 547.5 27753 19.2 20.4 23.8 22.1 A 5.525 552.5 secondary carbonate 3 1 16 2 2 4 2 100 3 11 1 3 148 2353 62.9 7 5 552.5 27792 19.3 18.5 23.8 21.2 A 5.575 557.5 secondary carbonate 2 2 2 1 80 10 6 103 2248 45.8 7 5 557.5 27831 19.2 18.5 23.8 21.2 A 5.625 562.5 1 1 2 1 1 1 25 1 6 17 1 57 2229 25.6 8 6 562.5 27871 16.3 18.5 23.8 21.2 A 5.675 567.5 1 2 2 8 2 1 12 28 1858 15.1 5 6 567.5 27910 20.4 18.5 23.8 21.2 A 5.725 572.5 some sec carbonate on shells 2 1 5 1 2 3 3 3 1 1 20 1 1 5 7 56 1981 28.3 10 6 572.5 27949 22.9 18.5 23.8 21.2 A 5.775 577.5 secondary carbonate 1 1 3 3 2 1 1 13 11 17 3 56 1992 28.1 8 6 577.5 27987 19.7 18.5 23.8 21.2 A 5.825 582.5 3 3 4 3 3 22 27 3 10 78 2346 33.2 6 6 582.5 28027 20.6 18.5 23.8 21.2 A 5.875 587.5 14 2 7 20 10 15 3 71 1750 40.6 5 6 587.5 28066 21.2 18.5 23.8 21.2 A 5.925 592.5 23,970 ± 160 (Stenotrema shell C-14) 1 1 1 4 20 1 9 5 14 56 1383 40.5 7 6 592.5 28106 21.1 20.4 23.8 22.1 A 5.975 597.5 2 2 1 1 5 1 1 1 7 11 1 15 48 1511 31.8 8 6 597.5 28146 19.8 18.5 23.8 21.2 A 6.025 602.5 2 4 16 3 4 29 1183 24.5 4 6 602.5 28187 19.8 18.5 23.8 21.2 A 6.075 607.5 1 11 3 1 16 1215 13.2 3 6 607.5 28229 19.3 18.5 23.8 21.2 A 6.125 612.5 1 3 1 14 4 1 24 1592 15.1 3 6 612.5 28272 20.6 17.9 23.8 20.9 A 6.175 617.5 1 1 2 3 1 8 1313 6.1 3 6 617.5 28315 19.3 18.4 23.8 21.1 A 6.225 622.5 1 1 2 5 2 1 12 1614 7.4 4 6 622.5 28356 20.5 18.4 23.8 21.1 A 6.275 627.5 1 2 1 1 2 7 12 4 8 3 41 1555 26.4 7 6 627.5 28398 20.8 18.5 23.0 20.8 A 6.325 632.5 5 2 7 2 2 12 10 2 8 50 1033 48.4 6 6 632.5 28440 19.8 18.5 23.8 21.2 A 6.375 637.5 23580 ± 70 (Hendersonia shell C-14) 2 2 2 5 18 4 5 38 1496 25.4 5 6 637.5 28483 23.1 18.5 23.8 21.2 A 6.425 642.5 slightly weathered 2 4 4 10 1230 8.1 3 6 642.5 28525 20.6 18.4 23.8 21.1 A 6.475 647.5 weathered 1 1 1 3 1112 2.7 2 7 647.5 28575 22.5 16.4 23.8 20.1 A 6.525 652.5 weathered w/ppt. 2 1 1 4 2014 2.0 2 7 652.5 28624 22.9 18.4 23.8 21.1 A 6.575 657.5 weathered 1 1 2 4 670 6.0 2 7 657.5 28672 23.9 18.4 27.5 23.0 A 6.625 662.5 0 842 0.0 0 7 662.5 overlapping depths between Section A and Section B -999 -999 -999 B 2.075 642.5 10YR 5/4 with 5/3 mottles; more soil structure; secondary carbonate; more clayey 1 1 2433 0.4 0 7 642.5 -999 -999 -999 B 2.125 647.5 weathered shells 1 1 2 2562 0.8 2 7 647.5 -999 -999 -999 B 2.175 652.5 weathered w/ppt. 1 2 1 4 2082 1.9 2 7 652.5 -999 -999 -999 B 2.225 657.5 1 1 1980 0.5 1 7 657.5 -999 -999 -999 B 2.275 662.5 v. weathered 2 2 4 1999 2.0 2 7 662.5 28719 25.8 19.4 27.5 23.5 B 2.325 667.5 weathered 1 1 2 1919 1.0 2 7 667.5 28766 24.3 20.4 27.2 23.8 B 2.375 672.5 0 2203 0.0 0 7 672.5 28816 27.2 -999 -999 -999 B 2.425 677.5 0 2389 0.0 0 7 677.5 28867 23.7 -999 -999 -999 B 2.475 682.5 0 2400 0.0 0 7 682.5 28914 23.4 -999 -999 -999 B 2.525 687.5 0 2197 0.0 0 7 687.5 28962 21.9 -999 -999 -999 B 2.575 692.5 Peoria (transitional); 10YR 5/4, more massive, less clay 2 2 2221 0.9 1 7 692.5 29008 22.4 -999 -999 -999 B 2.625 697.5 some sec carbonate, broken shells 1 1 2 1718 1.2 2 7 697.5 29056 20.5 20.4 27.2 23.8 B 2.675 702.5 some sec carbonate, broken shells 1 1 2121 0.5 1 7 702.5 29104 17.3 -999 -999 -999 B 2.725 707.5 24,880 ±110 (charcoal C-14) 1 1 2 1975 1.0 2 7 707.5 29152 17.4 20.4 27.2 23.8 B 2.775 712.5 broken shells; weathered shells 2 2 2153 0.9 1 7 712.5 29203 18.6 -999 -999 -999 B 2.825 717.5 1 2 3 2673 1.1 1 7 717.5 29263 18.9 -999 -999 -999 B 2.875 722.5 3 1 4 2577 1.6 1 7 722.5 29316 20.1 20.4 27.2 23.8 B 2.925 727.5 1 1 1 2 5 1934 2.6 3 7 727.5 29371 24.9 20.4 23.8 22.1 B 2.975 732.5 weathered shells 2 1 2 1 3 9 2540 3.5 5 8 732.5 29427 22.3 20.4 23.8 22.1 B 3.025 737.5 2 2 1 3 3 2 2 1 2 1 19 3130 6.1 9 8 737.5 29485 22.1 19.4 23.8 21.6 B 3.075 742.5 25,740 ± 200 (Stenotrema shell C-14) 1 2 6 3 5 2 1 1 3 1 1 2 2 2 32 2022 15.8 13 8 742.5 29542 22.3 20.3 23.8 22.1 B 3.125 747.5 1 1 10 5 7 4 3 3 1 1 2 1 1 3 43 2376 18.1 11 8 747.5 29599 19.9 21.3 23.8 22.6 B 3.175 752.5 1 5 5 1 3 20 3 4 3 3 1 2 1 1 1 54 2494 21.7 13 8 752.5 29657 20.7 21.3 23.8 22.6 B 3.225 757.5 2 1 3 2 8 34 2 6 1 2 7 1 4 3 2 6 1 85 2725 31.2 14 8 757.5 29714 20.3 21.3 23.8 22.6 B 3.275 762.5 basal Peoria (transitional), 10YR 5/4, more pinkish brown than above; more gastropods 1 4 2 7 1 8 30 4 5 1 4 2 2 6 3 3 1 84 2853 29.4 15 8 762.5 29772 19.9 21.3 23.8 22.6 B 3.325 767.5 1 2 2 3 1 3 5 32 7 5 3 5 4 1 5 4 4 2 89 2779 32.0 15 8 767.5 29829 19.7 21.3 23.8 22.6 B 3.375 772.5 1 3 3 6 1 4 29 10 6 5 2 5 2 77 2748 28.0 11 8 772.5 29886 19.1 21.3 23.8 22.6 B 3.425 777.5 1 5 2 5 2 1 1 1 13 2 10 1 7 3 3 4 2 62 2420 25.6 15 8 777.5 29944 16.5 21.3 23.8 22.6 B 3.475 782.5 25,790 ± 80 (Stenotrema shell C-14) 1 6 2 6 1 3 18 6 7 12 3 3 7 75 2989 25.1 11 8 782.5 30001 14.9 21.3 23.8 22.6 B 3.525 787.5 3 3 2 2 17 7 5 1 7 2 6 1 56 2400 23.3 10 8 787.5 30058 14.6 21.3 23.8 22.6 B 3.575 792.5 1 1 14 7 6 2 10 1 3 45 2432 18.5 8 8 792.5 30116 11.6 21.3 23.8 22.6 B 3.625 797.5 1 2 4 3 2 1 3 3 19 2865 6.6 7 8 797.5 30173 10.2 21.3 23.8 22.6 B 3.675 802.5 Roxana Silt 8YR 5/4 1 1 2 1 2 7 2511 2.8 3 8 802.5 -999 7.6 21.3 26.6 24.0 B 3.725 807.5 1 3 1 5 2614 1.9 3 8 807.5 -999 5.9 21.3 26.6 24.0 B 3.775 812.5 1 1 2713 0.4 1 8 812.5 -999 4.2 -999 -999 -999 B 3.825 817.5 0 2564 0.0 0 -999 817.5 -999 2.0 -999 -999 -999 B 3.875 822.5 0 2671 0.0 0 -999 822.5 -999 1.6 -999 -999 -999 B 3.925 827.5 0 2661 0.0 0 -999 827.5 -999 1.6 -999 -999 -999 B 3.975 832.5 0 2602 0.0 0 -999 832.5 -999 0.6 -999 -999 -999 B 4.025 837.5 -999 -999 -999 -999 -999 837.5 -999 0.3 -999 -999 -999 B 4.075 842.5 -999 -999 -999 -999 -999 842.5 -999 0.0 -999 -999 -999