# De Rif, South Africa 15,600-Year Rock Hyrax Midden Charcoal and Pollen Data #----------------------------------------------------------------------- # World Data Service for Paleoclimatology, Boulder # and # NOAA Paleoclimatology Program # National Centers for Environmental Information (NCEI) #----------------------------------------------------------------------- # Template Version 3.0 # Encoding: UTF-8 # NOTE: Please cite Publication, and Online_Resource and date accessed when using these data. # If there is no publication information, please cite Investigators, Title, and Online_Resource and date accessed. # # Online_Resource: https://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/paleo/study/28050 # Description: NOAA Landing Page # Online_Resource: http://www1.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/midden/africa/de-rif2013charcoal.txt # Description: NOAA location of the template # # Original_Source_URL: # Description: # # Description/Documentation lines begin with # # Data lines have no # # # Archive: Other Collections # # Dataset DOI: # # Parameter_Keywords: #--------------------------------------- # Contribution_Date # Date: 2019-10-25 #--------------------------------------- # File_Last_Modified_Date # Date: 2019-10-25 #--------------------------------------- # Title # Study_Name: De Rif, South Africa 15,600-Year Rock Hyrax Midden Charcoal and Pollen Data #--------------------------------------- # Investigators # Investigators: Valsecchi, V.; Chase, B.M.; Slingsby, J.A.; Carr, A.S.; Quick, L.J.; Meadows, M.E.; Cheddadi, R.; Reimer, P.J. #--------------------------------------- # Description_Notes_and_Keywords # Description: De Rif, South Africa 15,600-Year Rock Hyrax Midden Microcharcoal Data # Provided Keywords: microcharcoal, pollen, Holocene, last glacial-interglacial transition #--------------------------------------- # Publication # Authors: Verushka Valsecchi, Brian M. Chase, Jasper A. Slingsby, Andrew S. Carr, Lynne J. Quick, Michael E. Meadows, Rachid Cheddadi, Paula J. Reimer # Published_Date_or_Year: 2013-10-01 # Published_Title: A high resolution 15,600-year pollen and microcharcoal record from the Cederberg Mountains, South Africa # Journal_Name: Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology # Volume: 387 # Edition: # Issue: # Pages: 6-16 # Report Number: # DOI: 10.1016/j.palaeo.2013.07.009 # Online_Resource: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0031018213003301 # Full_Citation: # Abstract: The Cederberg Mountains (Western Cape Province, South Africa) are located within the Fynbos Biome, which exhibits some of the highest levels of species richness and endemism in the world. The region's post-glacial vegetation history, however, remains largely unknown. Presented here are high resolution pollen and microcharcoal records spanning the last 15,600 years obtained from the De Rif rock hyrax midden from the Driehoek Valley of the central Cederberg. In this region, previous pollen studies have shown muted variability in vegetation community composition during periods of globally marked climatic variability (e.g. the last glacial-interglacial transition). In our record, however, significant changes in vegetation composition are apparent. Most notably, they indicate a shift from ericaceous/restioid fynbos (present from 15,600 to 13,300 cal yr BP) to a brief, but prominent, development of proteoid fynbos at the beginning of the Holocene around 11,200 cal yr BP. This vegetation shift is associated with increased moisture at the site, and coincides with reduced fire frequency as indicated by the microcharcoal record. At 10,400 cal yr BP, there is a marked reduction in Protea-type pollen, which is replaced by thicket, characterised by Dodonaea, which became the dominant arboreal pollen type. This shift was likely the result of a long relatively fire-free period coupled with warmer and wetter climates spanning much of the early Holocene. A brief but marked decrease in water availability around 8500-8000 cal yr BP resulted in the strong decrease of Dodonaea pollen. The vegetation of the mid- to late Holocene is characterised by the increased occurrence of Asteraceae and succulent taxa, suggesting substantially drier conditions. These data give unprecedented insight into the vegetation dynamics across a period of substantial, rapid climate change, and while they confirm the presence of fynbos elements throughout the last 15,600 years, the results highlight significant fluctuations in the vegetation that were triggered by changes in both climate and fire regimes. #--------------------------------------- # Funding_Agency # Funding_Agency_Name: European Research Council # Grant: "HYRAX"; grant 258657 #--------------------------------------- # Funding_Agency # Funding_Agency_Name: The Leverhulme Trust # Grant: Fossilised Herbivore Middens: New Perspectives on SW African Climate Change #--------------------------------------- # Site Information # Site_Name: De Rif # Location: Africa>Southern Africa>South Africa # Country: South Africa # Northernmost_Latitude: -32.445 # Southernmost_Latitude: -32.445 # Easternmost_Longitude: 19.221 # Westernmost_Longitude: 19.221 # Elevation: 1160 #--------------------------------------- # Data_Collection # Collection_Name: DR2010charcoal # First_Year: 15355 # Last_Year: 376 # Time_Unit: cal yr BP # Core_Length: 0.53 # Notes: #--------------------------------------- # Chronology_Information # Chronology: # # Labcode # depth_top # depth_bottom # depth_average # mat.dated # 14C.raw # 14C.raw_err # datemeth # Labcode depth_top depth_bottom depth_average mat.dated 14C.raw 14C.raw_err datemeth # surface 0 0 0 NaN -58 10 Year of sampling ±10 # UBA-16725 1.032342769 1.425342769 1.228842769 hyraceum 595 25 14C AMS # UBA-18601 3.886145961 4.317875961 4.102010961 hyraceum 2453 27 14C AMS # UBA-18602 7 7.258064516 7.129032258 hyraceum 3436 27 14C AMS # UBA-18603 9.048387097 9.467741937 9.258064517 hyraceum 4166 69 14C AMS # UBA-18604 11.612903227 12.064516127 11.838709677 hyraceum 4891 28 14C AMS # UBA-18605 14.209677417 14.661290327 14.435483872 hyraceum 6577 31 14C AMS # UBA-19288 16.693548387 16.822580647 16.758064517 hyraceum 7345 43 14C AMS # UBA-16726 17.258064517 17.725806447 17.491935482 hyraceum 7758 35 14C AMS # UBA-20529 17.999999997 18.354838707 18.177419352 hyraceum 7940 44 14C AMS # UBA-18606 19.774193547 20.306451617 20.040322582 hyraceum 8120 34 14C AMS # UBA-18607 23.387096777 23.838709677 23.612903227 hyraceum 9061 50 14C AMS # UBA-18608 25.919354837 26.370967737 26.145161287 hyraceum 9435 38 14C AMS # UBA-16727 28.806451617 29.161290327 28.983870972 hyraceum 9843 44 14C AMS # PELLET LAYER NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN # UBA-18610 49.080645157 49.483870967 49.282258062 hyraceum 11775 47 14C AMS # UBA-16729 52.516129027 52.919354837 52.717741932 hyraceum 12839 51 14C AMS # #--------------------------------------- # Variables # Data variables follow that are preceded by "##" in columns one and two. # Variables list, one per line, shortname-tab-longname components (9 components: what, material, error, units, seasonality, archive, detail, method, C or N for Character or Numeric data) # ## sample sample,,,,,,,,C, ## depth_top_cm depth,,,centimeter,,Other collections,,,N,depth at top of sample ## depth_bottom_cm depth,,,centimeter,,Other collections,,,N,depth at bottom of sample interval ## depth_average_cm depth,,,centimeter,,Other collections,,,N,average depth of sample interval ## age_BP age,,,calendar year before present,,Other collections,Age as published,,N,age estimate of average depth of sample interval ## charcoal charcoal,,,fragments (>75 microns) per gram,,Other collections,,,N,charcoal concentration # #------------------------ # Data # Data lines follow (have no #) # Data line format - tab-delimited text, variable short name as header # Missing Value: # sample depth_top_cm depth_bottom_cm depth_average_cm age_BP concentration 1 0.66 2.08 1.37 376 113716 2 2.02 2.56 2.29 789 60506 3 2.63 3.13 2.88 1184 65120 4 3.19 3.63 3.41 1541 95897 5 3.68 4.06 3.87 1849 39471 6 4.15 4.55 4.35 2168 39573 7 4.63 4.98 4.81 2470 29169 8 5.05 5.44 5.24 2686 39748 9 5.50 5.89 5.69 2910 35409 10 5.94 6.45 6.19 3158 28272 11 6.50 7.03 6.77 3441 31233 12 7.06 7.56 7.31 3710 48699 13 7.61 8.00 7.81 3946 71202 14 8.06 8.37 8.22 4143 71975 15 8.44 8.87 8.65 4352 57450 16 8.92 9.37 9.15 4588 83502 17 9.42 9.71 9.56 4751 164393 18 9.76 10.16 9.96 4890 142184 19 10.23 10.65 10.44 5058 75242 20 10.69 11.10 10.90 5221 50897 21 11.16 11.63 11.40 5397 43727 22 11.68 12.15 11.91 5606 93237 23 12.21 12.65 12.43 5979 112692 24 12.69 13.13 12.91 6329 65123 25 13.18 13.66 13.42 6697 60321 26 13.69 14.29 13.99 7111 33967 27 14.32 14.85 14.59 7475 39292 28 14.92 15.32 15.12 7629 27831 29 15.39 15.85 15.62 7773 19941 30 15.90 16.32 16.11 7914 28589 31 16.37 16.71 16.54 8037 30044 32 16.77 17.26 17.02 8236 40286 33 17.32 17.74 17.53 8501 31562 34 17.81 18.23 18.02 8665 31678 35 18.29 18.79 18.54 8768 52050 36 18.87 19.26 19.06 8837 65384 37 19.32 19.71 19.52 8896 32656 38 19.77 20.26 20.02 8962 40919 39 20.31 20.82 20.56 9138 58848 40 20.90 21.32 21.11 9318 32985 41 21.39 21.95 21.67 9501 28509 42 22.03 22.61 22.32 9716 14164 43 22.69 23.08 22.89 9902 9254.8 44 23.15 23.79 23.47 10093 22686 45 23.84 24.50 24.17 10243 34446 46 24.56 25.23 24.90 10378 15505 47 25.27 25.81 25.54 10498 37407 48 25.87 26.60 26.23 10628 25413 49 26.66 27.05 26.85 10759 34883 50 27.10 27.53 27.31 10856 26313 51 27.60 28.29 27.94 10988 40659 52 28.34 28.98 28.66 11139 38130 PELLET LAYER 71 46.89 47.23 47.06 13311 149356 72 47.27 47.81 47.54 13367 88145 73 47.89 48.29 48.09 13431 65564 74 48.35 48.71 48.53 13482 71266 75 48.76 49.13 48.94 13530 118763 76 49.18 49.50 49.34 13595 63073 77 49.56 50.00 49.78 13808 101827 78 50.03 50.40 50.22 14017 214953 79 50.47 50.73 50.60 14199 205183 80 50.81 51.06 50.94 14361 238954 81 51.13 51.50 51.31 14543 187820 82 51.58 51.95 51.77 14760 289556 83 52.00 52.40 52.20 14969 231937 84 52.47 52.79 52.63 15174 239820 85 52.85 53.19 53.02 15355 299049