# Pella, South Africa 50,000-Year Rock Hyrax Midden Charcoal and Pollen Data #----------------------------------------------------------------------- # World Data Service for Paleoclimatology, Boulder # and # NOAA Paleoclimatology Program # National Centers for Environmental Information (NCEI) #----------------------------------------------------------------------- # Template Version 3.0 # Encoding: UTF-8 # NOTE: Please cite Publication, and Online_Resource and date accessed when using these data. # If there is no publication information, please cite Investigators, Title, and Online_Resource and date accessed. # # Online_Resource: https://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/paleo/study/28052 # Description: NOAA Landing Page # Online_Resource: http://www1.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/midden/africa/pella2016charcoal.txt # Description: NOAA location of the template # # Original_Source_URL: # Description: # # Description/Documentation lines begin with # # Data lines have no # # # Archive: Other Collections # # Dataset DOI: # # Parameter_Keywords: #--------------------------------------- # Contribution_Date # Date: 2019-10-25 #--------------------------------------- # File_Last_Modified_Date # Date: 2019-10-25 #--------------------------------------- # Title # Study_Name: Pella, South Africa 50,000-Year Rock Hyrax Midden Charcoal and Pollen Data #--------------------------------------- # Investigators # Investigators: Lim, S.; Chase, B.M.; Chevalier, M.; Reimer, P.J. #--------------------------------------- # Description_Notes_and_Keywords # Description: Pella, South Africa 50,000-Year Rock Hyrax Midden Charcoal and Pollen Data # Provided Keywords: Microcharcoal, Holocene, last glacial period, pollen #--------------------------------------- # Publication # Authors: Sophak Lim, Brian M. Chase, Manuel Chevalier, Paula J. Reimer # Published_Date_or_Year: 2016-06-01 # Published_Title: 50,000-years of vegetation and climate change in the southern Namib Desert, Pella, South Africa # Journal_Name: Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology # Volume: 451 # Edition: # Issue: # Pages: 197-209 # Report Number: # DOI: 10.1016/j.palaeo.2016.03.001 # Online_Resource: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0031018216001619 # Full_Citation: # Abstract: This paper presents the first continuous pollen record from the southern Namib Desert spanning the last 50,000 years. Obtained from rock hyrax middens found near the town of Pella, South Africa, these data are used to reconstruct vegetation change and quantitative estimates of temperature and aridity. Results indicate that the last glacial period was characterised by increased water availability at the site relative to the Holocene. Changes in temperature and potential evapotranspiration appear to have played a significant role in determining the hydrologic balance. The record can be considered in two sections: 1) the last glacial period, when low temperatures favoured the development of more mesic Nama-Karoo vegetation at the site, with periods of increased humidity concurrent with increased coastal upwelling, both responding to lower global/regional temperatures; and 2) the Holocene, during which time high temperatures and potential evapotranspiration resulted in increased aridity and an expansion of the Desert Biome. During this latter period, increases in upwelling intensity created drier conditions at the site. Considered in the context of discussions of forcing mechanisms of regional climate change and environmental dynamics, the results from Pella stand in clear contrast with many inferences of terrestrial environmental change derived from regional marine records. Observations of a strong precessional signal and interpretations of increased humidity during phases of high local summer insolation in the marine records are not consistent with the data from Pella. Similarly, while high percentages of Restionaceae pollen has been observed in marine sediments during the last glacial period, they do not exceed 1% of the assemblage from Pella, indicating that no significant expansion of the Fynbos Biome has occurred during the last 50,000 years. These findings pose interesting questions regarding the nature of environmental change in southwestern Africa, and the significance of the diverse records that have been obtained from the region. #--------------------------------------- # Funding_Agency # Funding_Agency_Name: European Research Council # Grant: "HYRAX"; grant 258657 #--------------------------------------- # Funding_Agency # Funding_Agency_Name: The Leverhulme Trust # Grant: Fossilised Herbivore Middens: New Perspectives on SW African Climate Change #--------------------------------------- # Site Information # Site_Name: Pella # Location: Africa>Southern Africa>South Africa # Country: South Africa # Northernmost_Latitude: -29.001 # Southernmost_Latitude: -29.001 # Easternmost_Longitude: 19.135 # Westernmost_Longitude: 19.135 # Elevation: 490 #--------------------------------------- # Data_Collection # Collection_Name: PELcharcoal # First_Year: 49391 # Last_Year: 76 # Time_Unit: cal yr BP # Core_Length: 0.53 # Notes: #--------------------------------------- # Chronology_Information # Chronology: # # Labcode # depth_top # depth_bottom # depth_average # mat.dated # 14C.raw # 14C.raw_err # datemeth # Labcode depth_top depth_bottom depth_average mat.dated 14C.raw 14C.raw_err datemeth # PEL-1-4a # UBA-21248 0.38 0.71 0.55 hyraceum 59 27 14C AMS # UBA-22397 2.58 2.85 2.71 hyraceum 314 23 14C AMS # UBA-22398 4.76 5.02 4.89 hyraceum 716 23 14C AMS # UBA-22399 9.64 9.92 9.78 hyraceum 998 25 14C AMS # UBA-22400 10.92 11.22 11.07 hyraceum 1084 24 14C AMS # UBA-21249 13.19 13.52 13.35 hyraceum 1320 27 14C AMS # # PEL-1-1 # UBA-22377 0.14 0.46 0.30 hyraceum 1302 26 14C AMS # UBA-22378 2.73 2.95 2.84 hyraceum 3950 29 14C AMS # UBA-22379 4.58 4.81 4.70 hyraceum 5767 33 14C AMS # UBA-22380 5.66 5.92 5.79 hyraceum 8720 39 14C AMS # UBA-22381 8.83 9.12 8.98 hyraceum 18408 94 14C AMS # UBA-22382 12.03 12.32 12.18 hyraceum 23725 163 14C AMS # UBA-22383 13.12 13.40 13.26 hyraceum 25785 194 14C AMS # UBA-22384 15.19 15.42 15.30 hyraceum 27717 239 14C AMS # UBA-22385 16.14 16.41 16.27 hyraceum 34526 533 14C AMS # UBA-22386 18.86 19.24 19.05 hyraceum 41451 785 14C AMS # #--------------------------------------- # Variables # Data variables follow that are preceded by "##" in columns one and two. # Variables list, one per line, shortname-tab-longname components (9 components: what, material, error, units, seasonality, archive, detail, method, C or N for Character or Numeric data) # ## core core,,,,,Other collections,,,C, ## sample sample,,,,,Other collections,,,C, ## depth_top_cm depth,,,centimeter,,Other collections,,,N,depth at top of sample ## depth_bottom_cm depth,,,centimeter,,Other collections,,,N,depth at bottom of sample interval ## depth_average_cm depth,,,centimeter,,Other collections,,,N,average depth of sample interval ## age_BP age,,,calendar year before present,,Other collections,Age as published,,N,age estimate of average depth of sample interval ## charcoal charcoal,,,particles per gram,,Other collections,,,N,charcoal concentration # #------------------------ # Data # Data lines follow (have no #) # Data line format - tab-delimited text, variable short name as header # Missing Value: # core sample depth_top_cm depth_bottom_cm depth_average_cm age_BP charcoal PEL-1-4a 1 0.30927835 4.43298969 2.37113402 76 1791.12 PEL-1-4a 2 3.50515464 7.21649485 5.360824745 105 485.91 PEL-1-4a 3 7.62886598 10.20618557 8.917525775 147 784.93 PEL-1-4a 4 11.2371134 13.81443299 12.5257732 189 1167.09 PEL-1-4a 5 14.53608248 18.24742268 16.39175258 234 301.52 PEL-1-4a 6 18.7628866 21.95876289 20.36082475 280 499.29 PEL-1-4a 7 22.88659794 26.08247423 24.48453609 330 993.68 PEL-1-4a 8 27.11340206 30.51546392 28.81443299 381 1192.92 PEL-1-4a 9 31.44329897 34.94845357 33.19587627 427 1762.63 PEL-1-4a 10 35.67010307 39.48453607 37.57731957 472 448.53 PEL-1-4a 11 40.30927837 43.60824747 41.95876292 518 754.15 PEL-1-4a 12 44.32989687 47.42268037 45.87628862 559 1082.25 PEL-1-4a 13 48.14432987 52.47422677 50.30927832 603 429.65 PEL-1-4a 14 82.98969077 88.14432987 85.56701032 809 954.12 PEL-1-4a 15 94.63917527 100.5154639 97.57731957 878 1167.20 PEL-1-4a 16 105.5670103 110.4123712 107.9896907 946 1831.50 PEL-1-4a 17 111.3402062 116.0824743 113.7113402 988 1646.09 PEL-1-4a 18 116.5979382 120.8247423 118.7113402 1035 967.18 PEL-1-4a 19 121.3402062 125.9793815 123.6597938 1086 334.69 PEL-1-4a 20 126.5979382 132.3711341 129.4845361 1149 1129.31 PEL-1-4a 21 133.814433 140.2061856 137.0103093 1228 544.22 PEL-1-1 1 0.00 3.03921569 1.52 929 1380.26 PEL-1-1 2 4.41 8.43137252 6.42 1675 2066.12 PEL-1-1 3 9.61 13.92156862 11.76 2260 1003.47 PEL-1-1 4 15.29 19.80392162 17.55 2997 1836.55 PEL-1-1 5 20.49 25.29411762 22.89 3675 1564.25 PEL-1-1 6 26.37 31.07843142 28.73 4380 381.46 PEL-1-1 7 32.06 37.35294122 34.71 5100 914.72 PEL-1-1 8 38.43 43.23529412 40.83 5739 1601.66 PEL-1-1 9 44.80 48.92156862 46.86 6486 690.85 PEL-1-1 10 49.71 54.80392162 52.25 7778 1098.13 PEL-1-1 11 55.39 61.17647062 58.28 9615 2096.44 PEL-1-1 12 62.84 67.35294122 65.10 11932 847.34 PEL-1-1 13 68.63 72.94117652 70.78 14194 2332.72 PEL-1-1 14 74.22 80.19607842 77.21 16843 1393.87 PEL-1-1 15 81.27 86.96078432 84.12 19580 1299.25 PEL-1-1 16 88.33 93.72549022 91.03 22514 1332.19 PEL-1-1 17 95.10 100 97.55 23769 2005.71 PEL-1-1 18 100.78 106.372549 103.58 24783 2285.71 PEL-1-1 19 107.55 112.2549019 109.90 25873 4105.70 PEL-1-1 20 113.04 117.3529412 115.20 26820 1648.35 PEL-1-1 21 118.04 123.3333333 120.69 27755 1366.12 PEL-1-1 22 124.12 128.2352941 126.18 28745 946.97 PEL-1-1 23 129.12 132.5490196 130.83 29571 1702.13 PEL-1-1 24 133.14 136.2745098 134.71 30297 1406.58 PEL-1-1 25 136.96 141.0784314 139.02 30800 1081.86 PEL-1-1 26 141.76 145.6862745 143.73 31300 813.89 PEL-1-1 27 146.47 150.8823529 148.68 31810 684.33 PEL-1-1 28 151.67 156.8627451 154.26 32413 1544.86 PEL-1-1 29 157.65 161.7647059 159.71 37285 1848.62 PEL-1-1 30 162.65 166.5686274 164.61 38571 1929.97 PEL-1-1 31 168.24 171.372549 169.80 39997 3616.64 PEL-1-1 32 172.35 176.4705882 174.41 41068 2901.35 PEL-1-1 33 177.35 182.1568627 179.75 42249 1877.09 PEL-1-1 34 182.94 187.1568627 185.05 43431 809.06 PEL-1-1 35 188.24 193.1372549 190.69 44688 1522.89 PEL-1-1 36 195.29 203.9215686 199.61 46558 827.13 PEL-1-1 37 205.10 210.4901961 207.79 48218 809.06 PEL-1-1 38 211.37 215.6862745 213.53 49391 2716.38