# Grand Bahama, Bahamas Paleohurricane Reconstruction Data from 200 to 2020 CE #----------------------------------------------------------------------- # World Data Service for Paleoclimatology, Boulder # and # NOAA Paleoclimatology Program #----------------------------------------------------------------------- # Template Version 4.0 # Encoding: UTF-8 # NOTE: Please cite original publication, NOAA Landing Page URL, dataset and publication DOIs (where available), and date accessed when using downloaded data. # If there is no publication information, please cite investigator, study title, NOAA Landing Page URL, and date accessed. # # Description/Documentation lines begin with '#' followed by a space # Data lines have no '#' # # NOAA_Landing_Page: https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/access/paleo-search/study/38599 # Landing_Page_Description: NOAA Landing Page of this file's parent study, which includes all study metadata. # # Study_Level_JSON_Metadata: https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/pub/data/metadata/published/paleo/json/noaa-ocean-38599.json # Study_Level_JSON_Description: JSON metadata of this data file's parent study, which includes all study metadata. # # Data_Type: Paleoceanography # # Dataset_DOI: 10.25921/n367-bd11 # # Science_Keywords: #--------------------------------------- # Resource_Links # # Data_Download_Resource: https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/paleocean/atlantic/winkler2023/winkler2023-gbamstack.txt # Data_Download_Description: NOAA Template File; Grand Bahama (GBAM) Stack Data # #--------------------------------------- # Contribution_Date # Date: 2023-09-25 #--------------------------------------- # File_Last_Modified_Date # Date: 2023-12-21 #--------------------------------------- # Title # Study_Name: Grand Bahama, Bahamas Paleohurricane Reconstruction Data from 200 to 2020 CE #--------------------------------------- # Investigators # Investigators: Winkler, T.S.; van Hengstum, P.J.; Donnelly, J.P.; Wallace, E.J.; Albury, N.A.; D’Entremont, N.; Hawkes, A.D.; Maio, C.V.; Roberts, J.; Sullivan, R.M.; Woodruff, J.D. #--------------------------------------- # Description_Notes_and_Keywords # Description: 1800-Year Long Near-annually resolved Paleohurricane Reconstruction Data From Grand Bahama, The Bahamas # Provided Keywords: Paleo-hurricanes, Sediment cores, Blue Holes, Hurricanes, Sedimentology, Natural Hazards, Paleoclimate, Carbonates, North Atlantic, Bahamas #--------------------------------------- # Publication # Authors: Winkler, T.S., van Hengstum, P.J., Donnelly, J.P., Wallace, E.J., Albury, N.A., D’Entremont, N., Hawkes, A.D., Maio, C.V., Roberts, J., Sullivan, R.M., Woodruff, J.D. # Published_Date_or_Year: 2023-11-01 # Published_Title: More Frequent Hurricane Passage across the Bahamian Archipelago During the Little Ice Age # Journal_Name: Paleoceanography and Paleoclimatology # Volume: 38 # Edition: # Issue: 11 # Pages: # Report_Number: e2023PA004623 # DOI: 10.1029/2023PA004623 # Online_Resource: # Full_Citation: # Abstract: The year 2020 Common Era (CE) experienced the highest number of named tropical cyclones in the Atlantic Ocean since 1850 CE, but the short instrumental record makes it challenging to assess if this level of activity is statistically meaningful. Here, we present two near-annually resolved hurricane reconstructions from sediment archived in two blue holes located only 300 m apart on the northern margin of Grand Bahama. These two blue holes provide a replicated signal of hurricanes passing within a 50–100 km radius over the last 1,800 years, and the long-term reconstructions document multiple 50-to-150-year intervals when hurricane frequency was significantly higher than it has been over the last 100 years. These two records were first merged into a single stack, and then compiled with five other high-resolution reconstructions from across the Bahamian Archipelago to form a single 1500-year record of Bahamian hurricane frequency. This new Bahamian Compilation documents more hurricanes passing ~75°W from 21°N to 26°N during the Little Ice Age (LIA; 1300–1850 CE) relative to the prior millennium and the last 170 years. The US Eastern Seaboard also experienced heightened hurricane activity during the LIA, whereas the Gulf of Mexico and Southern Caribbean were inactive. This suggests that despite a globally cooler climate, regional climate conditions during the LIA remained favorable for cyclogenesis and intensification along certain Atlantic hurricane pathways. Perhaps heightened Sahel rainfall during the LIA indicates an increase in African Easterly waves, which in turn possibly seeded more tropical cyclones in the Atlantic Main Development Region. #--------------------------------------- # Funding_Agency # Funding_Agency_Name: National Science Foundation # Grant: OCE-1356509, OCE-1356708, OCE-1854917, OCE-1903616, OCE-1903616, ICER-1854980 #--------------------------------------- # Funding_Agency # Funding_Agency_Name: Dalio Explore Foundation # Grant: Dalio Explore Grant #--------------------------------------- # Funding_Agency # Funding_Agency_Name: Geological Society of America # Grant: Student Research Grant (NSF award #1712071) #--------------------------------------- # Funding_Agency # Funding_Agency_Name: Texas Sea Grant # Grant: NA18-2019-E/GIA-2019-Winkler #--------------------------------------- # Funding_Agency # Funding_Agency_Name: Texas A&M University at Galveston # Grant: Boost Dissertation Fellowship #--------------------------------------- # Site_Information # Site_Name: Lane's Delight Blue Hole (LDBH) and Turtle Pond (TURT) # Location: Bahamas # Northernmost_Latitude: 26.661 # Southernmost_Latitude: 26.658 # Easternmost_Longitude: -78.59 # Westernmost_Longitude: -78.592 # Elevation_m: #--------------------------------------- # Data_Collection # Collection_Name: GBAMStack # First_Year: 868 # Last_Year: 2010 # Time_Unit: year Common Era # Core_Length_m: # Parameter_Keywords: reconstruction # Notes: #--------------------------------------- # Chronology_Information # Chronology: #--------------------------------------- # Variables # PaST_Thesaurus_Download_Resource: https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/access/paleo-search/skos/past-thesaurus.rdf # PaST_Thesaurus_Download_Description: Paleoenvironmental Standard Terms (PaST) Thesaurus terms, definitions, and relationships in SKOS format. # # Data variables follow that are preceded by "##" in columns one and two. # Variables list, one per line, shortname-tab-var components: what, material, error, units, seasonality, data type, detail, method, C or N for Character or Numeric data) # ## TURT_event notes,,,,,Paleoceanography,,,C,TURT event bed name ## TURT_depth depth,,,centimeter,,Paleoceanography,,,N,TURT event bed depth ## TURT_med_age age,,95% confidence interval lower bound,year Common Era,,Paleoceanography,,,N,TURT event bed median age; Bayesian sedimentary age-model; primary age used in study ## TURT_min_age age,,95% confidence interval lower bound,year Common Era,,Paleoceanography,,,N,TURT event bed minimum age; Bayesian sedimentary age-model ## TURT_max_age age,,95% confidence interval upper bound,year Common Era,,Paleoceanography,,,N,TURT event bed maximum age; Bayesian sedimentary age-model ## TURT_63_event grain size index,,,milligram per cubic centimeter,,Paleoceanography,,,N,TURT event bed >63 µm sediment mg/cm3 ## LDBH_event notes,,,,,Paleoceanography,,,C,LDBH Composite event bed name ## LDBH_depth depth,,,centimeter,,Paleoceanography,,,N,LDBH Composite event bed depth ## LDBH_med_age age,,95% confidence interval lower bound,year Common Era,,Paleoceanography,,,N,LDBH Composite event bed median age; Bayesian sedimentary age-model; primary age used in study ## LDBH_min_age age,,95% confidence interval lower bound,year Common Era,,Paleoceanography,,,N,LDBH Composite event bed minimum age; Bayesian sedimentary age-model ## LDBH_max_age age,,95% confidence interval upper bound,year Common Era,,Paleoceanography,,,N,LDBH Composite event bed maximum age; Bayesian sedimentary age-model ## LDBH_63_event grain size index,,,milligram per cubic centimeter,,Paleoceanography,,,N,LDBH Composite event bed >63 µm sediment mg/cm3 ## GBAM_event notes,,,,,Paleoceanography,,,C,GBAM-Stack event bed name ## GBAM_depth depth,,,centimeter,,Paleoceanography,,,N,Stratigraphically correlated and adjusted to LDBH Composite ## GBAM_med_age age,,95% confidence interval lower bound,year Common Era,,Paleoceanography,,,N,Stratigraphically correlated and adjusted to LDBH Composite; Bayesian sedimentary age-model; primary age used in study ## GBAM_min_age age,,95% confidence interval lower bound,year Common Era,,Paleoceanography,,,N,Stratigraphically correlated and adjusted to LDBH Composite; Bayesian sedimentary age-model ## GBAM_max_age age,,95% confidence interval upper bound,year Common Era,,Paleoceanography,,,N,Stratigraphically correlated and adjusted to LDBH Composite; Bayesian sedimentary age-model ## GBAM_63_event grain size index,,,milligram per cubic centimeter,,Paleoceanography,,,N,Stratigraphically correlated and adjusted to LDBH Composite #------------------------ # Data: # Data lines follow (have no #) # Data line format - tab-delimited text, variable short name as header # Missing_Values: NaN TURT_event TURT_depth TURT_med_age TURT_min_age TURT_max_age TURT_63_event LDBH_event LDBH_depth LDBH_med_age LDBH_min_age LDBH_max_age LDBH_63_event GBAM_event GBAM_depth GBAM_med_age GBAM_min_age GBAM_max_age GBAM_63_event TURT_E1 30.5 2006 2010 2002 861.08 LDBH_E1 35.5 2006 2010 2001 373.16 GBAM_E1 35.5 2006 2010 2001 373.16 TURT_E2 50.5 2000 2005 1994 80.32 LDBH_E2 57.5 2005 2009 1999 85.36 GBAM_E2 57.5 2005 2009 1999 85.36 TURT_E3 56.5 1998 2004 1992 173.64 LDBH_E3 69.5 1997 2004 1989 115.16 GBAM_E3 69.5 1997 2004 1989 115.16 TURT_E4 83.5 1972 1981 1962 63.2 LDBH_E4 91.5 1969 1978 1960 170.36 GBAM_E4 91.5 1969 1978 1960 170.36 TURT_E5 100.5 1940 1956 1921 106.68 LDBH_E5 105.5 1940 1956 1923 91.88 GBAM_E5 105.5 1940 1956 1923 91.88 TURT_E6 113.5 1922 1941 1882 129.16 LDBH_E6 112.5 1932 1949 1910 71.92 GBAM_E6 112.5 1932 1949 1910 71.92 TURT_E7 121.5 1912 1934 1865 119.6 LDBH_E7 120.5 1915 1935 1872 69.76 GBAM_E7 120.5 1915 1935 1872 69.76 TURT_E8 147.5 1848 1898 1808 215.84 LDBH_E8 141.5 1869 1910 1827 290.12 GBAM_E8 141.5 1869 1910 1827 290.12 TURT_E9 153.5 1837 1889 1801 104.44 LDBH_E9 148.5 1863 1907 1822 166.88 GBAM_E9 148.5 1863 1907 1822 166.88 TURT_E10 158.5 1830 1886 1796 104.8 LDBH_E10 162.5 1832 1885 1800 81.52 GBAM_E10 162.5 1832 1885 1800 81.52 TURT_E11 171.5 1802 1875 1768 76.84 NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN 52.56 GBAM_E11 170.5 1810 1874 1785 52.56 TURT_E12 178.5 1792 1868 1756 104.64 NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN 49.72 GBAM_E12 176.5 1799 1864 1774 49.72 TURT_E13 236.5 1708 1803 1676 95.44 LDBH_E11 240.5 1710 1776 1682 101.04 GBAM_E13 240.5 1710 1776 1682 101.04 TURT_E14 248.5 1688 1788 1661 289.68 LDBH_E12 267.5 1688 1755 1664 161.36 GBAM_E14 267.5 1688 1755 1664 161.36 TURT_E15 253.5 1685 1785 1658 307.96 LDBH_E13 273.5 1685 1753 1661 171.04 GBAM_E15 273.5 1685 1753 1661 171.04 TURT_E16 259.5 1675 1776 1651 69.96 NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN 34.8 GBAM_E16 280.5 1674 1744 1653 34.8 TURT_E17 264.5 1669 1769 1641 147.28 LDBH_E14 290.5 1671 1740 1650 244.96 GBAM_E17 290.5 1671 1740 1650 244.96 TURT_E18 268.5 1666 1764 1626 76.88 LDBH_E15 294.5 1668 1736 1644 79.04 GBAM_E18 294.5 1668 1736 1644 79.04 TURT_E19 282.5 1652 1746 1594 121.08 LDBH_E16 306.5 1655 1702 1602 89.2 GBAM_E19 306.5 1655 1702 1602 89.2 TURT_E20 291.5 1646 1738 1580 103.6 LDBH_E17 315.5 1645 1683 1580 77.68 GBAM_E20 315.5 1645 1683 1580 77.68 TURT_E21 298.5 1643 1734 1576 80.16 LDBH_E18 322.5 1640 1678 1571 106 GBAM_E21 322.5 1640 1678 1571 106 TURT_E22 305.5 1634 1723 1567 89.24 LDBH_E19 339.5 1598 1657 1538 103.16 GBAM_E22 339.5 1598 1657 1538 103.16 TURT_E23 321.5 1593 1681 1542 71.16 LDBH_E20 349.5 1578 1644 1522 133.04 GBAM_E23 349.5 1578 1644 1522 133.04 TURT_E24 329.5 1579 1667 1537 228.44 LDBH_E21 357.5 1556 1628 1502 74.6 GBAM_E24 357.5 1556 1628 1502 74.6 TURT_E25 344.5 1542 1642 1509 91.64 LDBH_E22 362.5 1546 1616 1492 73.72 GBAM_E25 362.5 1546 1616 1492 73.72 TURT_E26 355.5 1536 1637 1500 104.6 LDBH_E23 368.5 1541 1613 1487 229 GBAM_E26 368.5 1541 1613 1487 229 TURT_E27 373.5 1512 1612 1472 83.96 LDBH_E24 381.5 1527 1597 1475 57.2 GBAM_E27 381.5 1527 1597 1475 57.2 TURT_E28 397.5 1480 1560 1442 399.96 LDBH_E25 417.5 1494 1556 1450 292.16 GBAM_E28 417.5 1494 1556 1450 292.16 TURT_E29 402.5 1476 1554 1439 109.96 LDBH_E26 421.5 1489 1549 1447 136.8 GBAM_E29 421.5 1489 1549 1447 136.8 TURT_E30 425.5 1439 1472 1414 121.52 LDBH_E27 437.5 1456 1501 1426 106.84 GBAM_E30 437.5 1456 1501 1426 106.84 TURT_E31 430.5 1434 1458 1410 165.48 LDBH_E28 450.5 1431 1446 1409 73.52 GBAM_E31 450.5 1431 1446 1409 73.52 TURT_E32 458.5 1366 1401 1339 147.92 LDBH_E29 464.5 1402 1418 1359 128.64 GBAM_E32 464.5 1402 1418 1359 128.64 TURT_E33 464.5 1354 1393 1328 65.36 LDBH_E30 469.5 1394 1411 1348 70.64 GBAM_E33 469.5 1394 1411 1348 70.64 TURT_E34 471.5 1340 1379 1315 161.88 LDBH_E31 480.5 1378 1398 1333 138.64 GBAM_E34 480.5 1378 1398 1333 138.64 TURT_E35 476.5 1335 1373 1310 106.12 LDBH_E32 493.5 1365 1391 1321 111.96 GBAM_E35 493.5 1365 1391 1321 111.96 TURT_E36 492.5 1316 1347 1290 289.24 LDBH_E33 512.5 1323 1356 1288 149.96 GBAM_E36 512.5 1323 1356 1288 149.96 TURT_E37 506.5 1292 1311 1270 85.52 LDBH_E34 522.5 1303 1331 1274 76.44 GBAM_E37 522.5 1303 1331 1274 76.44 TURT_E38 510.5 1287 1303 1266 104.96 LDBH_E35 529.5 1286 1304 1259 66.72 GBAM_E38 529.5 1286 1304 1259 66.72 TURT_E39 535.5 1247 1267 1215 122.28 LDBH_E36 554.5 1242 1267 1210 128.72 GBAM_E39 554.5 1242 1267 1210 128.72 TURT_E40 554.5 1209 1240 1169 67.76 LDBH_E37 580.5 1183 1220 1143 74.08 GBAM_E40 580.5 1183 1220 1143 74.08 TURT_E41 582.5 1148 1173 1095 63.16 LDBH_E38 597.5 1143 1165 1103 95.2 GBAM_E41 597.5 1143 1165 1103 95.2 TURT_E42 588.5 1141 1167 1085 91.2 LDBH_E39 603.5 1135 1156 1096 93.72 GBAM_E42 603.5 1135 1156 1096 93.72 TURT_E43 597.5 1133 1156 1063 303.96 LDBH_E40 615.5 1126 1151 1089 173.56 GBAM_E43 615.5 1126 1151 1089 173.56 TURT_E44 614.5 1108 1138 1017 61.68 NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN GBAM_E44 623.5 1119 1146 1080 49.48 TURT_E45 625.5 1095 1125 1004 95.84 LDBH_E41 631.5 1104 1137 1060 109.2 GBAM_E45 631.5 1104 1137 1060 109.2 TURT_E46 640.5 1077 1109 988 79.6 LDBH_E42 649.5 1062 1105 1020 52.48 GBAM_E46 649.5 1062 1105 1020 52.48 TURT_E47 679.5 1018 1049 929 102.6 LDBH_E43 680.5 1022 1047 997 165.32 GBAM_E47 680.5 1022 1047 997 165.32 TURT_E48 695.5 996 1024 908 55.2 NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN GBAM_E48 695.5 1001 1026 973 23.96 TURT_E49 722.5 956 994 868 94.32 LDBH_E44 735.5 949 980 912 61.88 GBAM_E49 735.5 949 980 912 61.88