Chilean Margin 30KYr Redox-Sensitive Metals Data ----------------------------------------------------------------------- World Data Center for Paleoclimatology, Boulder and NOAA Paleoclimatology Program ----------------------------------------------------------------------- NOTE: PLEASE CITE ORIGINAL REFERENCE WHEN USING THIS DATA!!!!! NAME OF DATA SET: Chilean Margin 30KYr Redox-Sensitive Metals Data LAST UPDATE: 12/2010 (Original receipt by WDC Paleo) CONTRIBUTORS: Muratli, J.M., Z. Chase, A.C. Mix, and J. McManus IGBP PAGES/WDCA CONTRIBUTION SERIES NUMBER: 2010-137 WDC PALEO CONTRIBUTION SERIES CITATION: Muratli, J.M., et al. 2010. Chilean Margin 30KYr Redox-Sensitive Metals Data. IGBP PAGES/World Data Center for Paleoclimatology Data Contribution Series # 2010-137. NOAA/NCDC Paleoclimatology Program, Boulder CO, USA. ORIGINAL REFERENCE: Muratli, J.M., Z. Chase, A.C. Mix, and J. McManus. 2010. Increased glacial-age ventilation of the Chilean margin by Antarctic Intermediate Water. Nature Geoscience, Vol. 3, pp. 23-26, January 2010. Published online 13 December 2009. doi:10.1038/ngeo715 ABSTRACT: Antarctic Intermediate Water is, at present, a water mass that brings oxygen to intermediate depths throughout the Southern Hemisphere oceans. Models have suggested that intermediate waters had higher concentrations of oxygen during the last glacial period, consistent with globally reduced denitrification and increased production of Antarctic Intermediate Water. However, some palaeoceanographic reconstructions have indicated that production decreased in the southeast Pacific Ocean at this time. Here we analyse the concentrations of Re and Mn, the sedimentary concentrations of which are controlled by the amount of dissolved oxygen at the sea floor, from three sediment cores located along the Chilean margin for the past 30,000 years. Our results from the cores, which bracket the present-day water-column extent of Antarctic Intermediate Water, show that the depth range of well-oxygenated Antarctic Intermediate Water increased off Chile during the Last Glacial Maximum. Dissolved oxygen content began to decrease approximately 17,000 years ago, coincident with rapid Antarctic warming and a poleward shift of the southern westerly winds. Our estimates of productivity from accumulation rates of organic carbon and opal do not co-vary with the seafloor oxygen variations, ruling out local control of seafloor oxygenation. We conclude that the data are best explained by a combination of increased oxygenation and increased flux of Antarctic Intermediate Water during the Last Glacial Maximum. ADDITIONAL REFERENCE: Kaiser, J., F. Lamy, and D. Hebbeln. 2005. A 70-kyr sea surface temperature record off southern Chile (Ocean Drilling Program Site 1233). Paleoceanography 20, PA4009. GEOGRAPHIC REGION: Eastern South Pacific PERIOD OF RECORD: 30KYrBP - present FUNDING SOURCES: US National Science Foundation (OCE-0526278 and OCE-0753487), Gordon and Betty Moore Foundation. DESCRIPTION: Sediment concentration of redox (oxidation-reduction reaction) sensitive metals (Re and Mn) from 3 cores along the Chilean Margin in the eastern South Pacific, interpreted as a proxy for sea floor oxygen concentration. Accumulation rates of organic carbon and opal are also included as productivity proxies. Ocean Drilling Program Site 1233: 41.000167°S, 74.44983°W, 838m water depth Ocean Drilling Program Site 1234: 36.219167°S, 73.68167°W, 1015m water depth Ocean Drilling Program Site 1235: 36.159833°S, 73.56633°W, 489m water depth DATA: 1. Muratli et al. 2010 ODP 1233 bulk sediment data Chronology based on radiocarbon age model described by Kaiser et al. (2005). All sedimentary components were analyzed at Oregon State University. Errors were determined from repeat analyses at the time of measurement. Al and Mn analyzed by ICP-OES following total acid digestion. Re analyzed by ICP-MS following total acid digestion. Mn and Re corrected for detrital inputs as described in Muratli et al. (2010). Opal determined by extraction in Na2CO3. Organic carbon determined by combustion after acidification to remove carbonate. Depth Age Al Al Mn(xs) Re(xs) Opal Corg Leg SiteH CoT Sc Top-cm Bot-cm (mcd) (ka) [ppm] ± [ppm] ± [ppb] ± [wt%] ± [wt%] ± 202 1233C 1H 1 40 42 0.4 0.155 80151 251 145.9 2.95 4.58 0.083 4.29 0.32 3.48 0.012 202 1233C 1H 1 112 114 1.12 0.655 81711 440 130.4 1.29 3.81 0.489 2.141 0.015 202 1233C 1H 2 4 6 1.55 0.957 83264 145 125 0.32 3.33 0.328 4.2 0.18 2.179 0.015 202 1233C 1H 2 76 78 2.27 1.462 81353 353 177.6 1.11 2.38 1.012 3.39 0.05 1.87 0.006 202 1233C 1H 2 148 150 2.99 1.927 82885 49 137.3 0.3 4.49 1.804 3.24 0.07 2.064 0.054 202 1233C 1H 3 4 6 3.06 1.97 83325 219 150.4 0.52 4.36 0.401 1.942 0.002 202 1233C 1H 3 40 42 3.42 2.301 82581 794 156.2 2.25 3.19 0.753 3.78 0.06 1.876 0.014 202 1233C 1H 3 76 78 3.78 2.709 79982 108 140.2 0.57 5.27 0.363 1.996 0.002 202 1233C 1H 3 112 114 4.14 3.271 79279 1168 146 3.16 4.61 1.838 3.89 0.16 1.991 0.014 202 1233C 1H 3 142 144 4.44 3.666 79891 1323 160.2 3.83 4.32 0.89 3.53 0.12 1.919 0.005 202 1233D 2H 3 112 114 4.9 4.106 78960 732 157 2.21 4.94 0.57 3.24 0.09 1.759 0.035 202 1233D 2H 4 4 6 5.33 4.514 80594 522 169.7 1.54 2.51 0.104 3.14 0.17 1.613 0.024 202 1233D 2H 4 76 78 6.05 5.155 77378 31 153.3 0.26 3.26 0.223 3.53 0 1.689 0.012 202 1233D 2H 4 148 150 6.77 5.573 80552 724 156.8 1.82 4.34 0.261 1.806 0.006 202 1233D 2H 5 112 114 7.91 6.244 85084 1128 150.2 2.04 5.81 0.241 2.73 0.15 1.614 0.011 202 1233D 2H 6 4 6 8.33 6.549 82763 1150 124.3 1.73 2.53 0.569 1.73 0.005 202 1233C 2H 2 76 78 8.73 6.839 77355 406 156.6 1.45 5.48 1.473 2.55 0.15 1.632 0.006 202 1233C 2H 2 112 114 9.09 7.182 82048 82 155.4 0.16 4.82 0.183 2.99 0.25 1.604 0.011 202 1233C 2H 3 40 42 9.88 8.047 81663 233 161.4 1.24 8.64 1.373 3.02 0.12 1.512 0.01 202 1233C 2H 3 76 78 10.24 8.441 79832 799 161.4 2.22 3 0.818 2.88 0.15 1.484 0.005 202 1233C 2H 3 148 150 10.96 8.99 82095 783 158.6 2.48 7.16 0.225 1.448 0.037 202 1233C 2H 4 40 42 11.43 9.243 81384 876 148.9 1.95 3.37 0.249 2.43 0.07 1.435 0.01 202 1233C 2H 4 112 114 12.15 9.632 78791 462 188.3 1.5 2.31 0.659 3.52 0.18 1.391 0.005 202 1233C 2H 5 4 6 12.57 9.858 80201 153 188.1 0.68 5.95 0.473 1.441 0.01 202 1233D 3H 2 4 6 13.11 10.15 81116 1983 198.3 4.93 6.86 0.175 1.395 0.009 202 1233D 3H 2 40 42 13.47 10.344 80357 1294 219 3.95 2.08 0.071 4.05 0.21 1.278 0.004 202 1233D 3H 2 74 76 13.81 10.527 83751 496 262.7 2.28 6.98 0.157 1.283 0.004 202 1233C 2H 5 148 150 14.01 10.635 80862 273 285.3 1.7 5.17 0.958 3.08 0.07 1.383 0.005 202 1233D 3H 2 112 114 14.19 10.732 80606 684 274.6 2.62 2.72 0.245 1.284 0.002 202 1233D 3H 2 148 150 14.55 10.926 82888 3994 406.3 22.39 1.65 0.858 5.12 0.15 0.997 0.007 202 1233D 3H 3 4 6 14.62 10.964 80607 292 465.4 2.53 0.57 0.086 0.775 0.001 202 1233D 3H 3 40 42 14.98 11.158 82303 360 238.4 1.56 4.64 0.334 3.26 0.19 1.226 0.004 202 1233D 3H 3 112 114 15.7 11.547 86117 192 221.6 0.66 4.67 0.215 1.488 0.02 202 1233D 3H 4 4 6 16.12 11.773 84705 320 210.8 1.16 6.6 0.22 1.276 0.004 202 1233D 3H 4 76 78 16.84 12.162 85087 365 196.7 1.55 7.47 0.517 1.223 0.004 202 1233D 3H 4 112 114 17.2 12.341 82009 1009 247.9 3.7 3.36 0.17 3.09 0.4 1.15 0.004 202 1233D 3H 5 4 6 17.62 12.519 83512 523 223.5 2.12 2.29 0.152 1.035 0.003 202 1233D 3H 5 40 42 17.98 12.671 86242 765 225.8 2.39 4.51 0.214 1.098 0.008 202 1233D 3H 5 76 78 18.34 12.824 82684 1825 255.2 6.23 4.47 0.962 1.053 0.007 202 1233D 3H 5 112 114 18.7 12.976 82338 268 248.1 1.1 5.11 0.561 3.21 0.16 1.108 0.008 202 1233D 3H 5 146 148 19.04 13.12 82050 161 244.5 0.87 4.8 0.025 0.986 0.003 202 1233D 3H 6 40 42 19.48 13.307 82830 302 242 1.08 7.21 0.479 3.79 0.14 1.188 0.004 202 1233D 3H 6 112 114 20.2 13.612 80917 677 270.8 2.65 2.81 0.257 2.79 0.17 0.977 0.055 202 1233C 3H 2 76 78 21.05 14.236 84820 222 282.5 1.14 6.48 0.463 1.303 0.017 202 1233C 3H 3 4 6 21.76 14.762 86874 535 274.9 2.32 2.4 0.022 0.995 0.003 202 1233C 3H 3 76 78 22.48 15.296 85870 128 303.4 0.78 2.15 0.025 3.62 0.07 0.936 0.006 202 1233C 3H 4 4 6 23.23 15.853 85814 633 291.3 2.51 4.06 0.126 1.103 0.015 202 1233C 3H 4 76 78 23.95 16.387 83065 396 368.8 2.9 0.2 0.019 3.74 0.13 0.732 0.005 202 1233C 3H 4 148 150 24.67 16.921 89271 1292 287.4 4.18 3 0.432 1.196 0.016 202 1233C 3H 5 40 42 25.09 17.232 87518 726 324.9 4.51 3.92 0.287 1.024 0.013 202 1233D 4H 2 40 42 25.51 17.452 86355 769 323.1 3.38 0.89 0.096 0.952 0.013 202 1233D 4H 2 112 114 26.23 17.825 85789 462 295.7 2.34 0.19 0.009 1.065 0.022 202 1233D 4H 3 4 6 26.65 18.043 86586 849 323.4 3.23 1.28 0.035 4.21 0.15 0.818 0.003 202 1233D 4H 3 76 78 27.37 18.416 86830 786 289.1 3.31 3.25 0.44 1.044 0.014 202 1233D 4H 3 148 150 28.09 18.789 87385 611 325.9 3.33 1.55 0.041 0.925 0.012 202 1233D 4H 4 40 42 28.5 19.001 84248 817 366.9 5.63 2.99 0.727 3.63 0.16 0.674 0.002 202 1233D 4H 4 112 114 29.22 19.374 87935 1460 331.6 5.91 2.85 0.093 0.913 0.012 202 1233D 4H 5 4 6 29.64 19.592 89888 1125 330.9 4.94 2.79 0.073 0.783 0.184 202 1233D 4H 5 76 78 30.36 19.948 86208 263 344.6 1.08 2.16 0.121 4.46 0.09 0.744 0.003 202 1233D 4H 5 112 114 30.72 20.123 87119 632 300.8 2.81 1.29 0.11 1.011 0.013 202 1233B 3H 2 148 150 31.13 20.322 84228 405 310 2.21 3.01 0.381 4.67 0.22 0.799 0.01 202 1233B 3H 3 40 42 31.55 20.527 83684 637 296.3 2.62 2.23 0.058 1.131 0.015 202 1233B 3H 3 112 114 32.27 20.877 84832 410 283.5 1.7 4.21 0.062 0.859 0.001 202 1233B 3H 4 4 6 32.7 21.086 84850 550 274.5 2.34 4.05 0.222 1.133 0.015 202 1233B 3H 4 40 42 33.06 21.261 84642 554 317.1 3.08 2.02 0.358 5.2 0.1 0.847 0.007 202 1233B 3H 4 112 114 33.78 21.572 87030 446 313.7 1.96 0.05 0.008 0.995 0.013 202 1233B 3H 4 148 150 34.14 21.693 83383 2089 329.1 12.61 0.76 0.115 4.54 0.13 0.764 0.002 202 1233B 3H 5 40 42 34.56 21.835 87161 678 330.5 3.29 1.2 0.072 0.973 0.013 202 1233B 3H 5 112 114 35.28 22.078 86444 1480 337.8 6.79 3.51 0.123 0.96 0.057 202 1233B 3H 7 4 6 36.91 22.671 86214 863 332 4.62 0.42 0.083 1.058 0.014 202 1233C 5H 1 148 150 37.58 22.978 87570 395 317.1 1.89 0.67 0.1 4.49 0.19 0.808 0.003 202 1233C 5H 2 40 42 38.01 23.176 85783 878 265.9 3.65 0.42 0.087 1.148 0.031 202 1233C 5H 2 112 114 38.73 23.506 85657 354 293.7 1.48 0.61 0.095 4.56 0.09 0.917 0.003 202 1233C 5H 3 4 6 39.16 23.704 86093 255 285.6 1.11 -0.33 0.063 1.063 0.014 202 1233C 5H 3 76 78 39.88 24.057 86186 460 293.7 2.52 0.05 0.012 1.197 0.016 202 1233C 5H 4 40 42 41.03 24.654 85580 623 311.7 3.03 2.11 0.361 1.036 0.014 202 1233C 5H 4 76 78 41.39 24.841 82637 1543 322.2 8.07 -0.2 0.034 0.998 0.018 202 1233C 5H 4 112 114 41.75 25.028 85922 815 320.7 3.86 2.51 0.365 0.972 0.013 202 1233C 5H 4 148 150 42.11 25.215 84904 159 333.6 0.96 3.49 0.61 4.2 0.07 0.752 0.003 202 1233D 6H 2 4 6 42.69 25.516 88759 1770 364.3 7.54 -0.7 0.126 0.868 0.011 202 1233D 6H 2 100 102 43.65 26.014 93307 541 362.5 3.54 -1.29 0.245 0.873 0.011 202 1233D 6H 2 148 150 44.13 26.373 89794 509 358.8 2.83 0.95 0.094 4.37 0.46 0.628 0.002 202 1233D 6H 3 52 54 44.67 26.798 93743 1012 345.5 4.93 -0.05 0.005 1.075 0.014 202 1233D 6H 3 148 150 45.63 27.554 93091 575 339.9 2.8 -1.05 0.073 0.961 0.013 202 1233D 6H 4 54 56 46.19 27.995 89358 401 309.5 2.6 0 0 3.84 0.12 0.794 0.003 202 1233D 6H 4 148 150 47.13 28.736 92419 605 308.8 3.2 0.38 0.023 1.093 0.014 202 1233D 6H 5 4 6 47.17 28.767 85602 1104 362.9 6.39 1.41 0.15 4.62 0.12 0.797 0.003 2. Muratli et al. 2010 ODP 1233 flux data Chronology based on radiocarbon age model described by Kaiser et al. (2005). Sedimentation rates determined by linear fit between age control points. Fluxes calculated from the product of the sedimentation rate, the sediment bulk density, and the concentration of the sedimentary component. We report the mean of fluxes between age control points. Errors are the standard deviation of these means Depth Cal.Age SedRate Opal flux Corg flux Al flux (mcd) (ky B.P.) (cm/ky) (g/cm2/ky ± (g/cm2/ky ± (g/cm2/ky ± 0 -0.05 0.41 0.16 195.2 11.23 0.84 9.1 0.03 20.95 0.07 2.49 1.62 142.5 7.57 0.88 4.09 0.23 16.3 0.35 3.19 2.05 162.8 7.62 0.17 4.69 0.22 19.46 0.01 3.75 2.66 91.8 5.02 0.08 2.49 0.02 10.97 0.11 3.99 3.05 61.5 1.74 0 6.97 0.01 4.35 3.58 67.9 3.74 0.15 1.91 0.01 7.61 0.11 5.28 4.47 104.5 4.84 0.31 2.63 0.17 11.34 0.14 6.1 5.2 112.3 5.46 0.41 2.7 0.07 12.93 0.45 7.7 6.09 179.8 4.46 0.01 19.91 0.18 8.86 6.93 137.9 4.92 0.85 3.1 0.29 15.32 2.06 10.55 8.78 91.3 3.47 0.11 1.8 0.07 9.51 0.37 17.01 12.26 185.4 8.75 2.18 3.25 0.53 20.64 0.85 20.22 13.62 236 10.48 1.55 3.49 0.35 26.88 1.93 25.1 17.24 134.8 7.35 0.33 2.1 0.39 17.39 0.69 29.81 19.68 193 9.02 1.77 2.38 0.5 23.03 2.98 33.51 21.48 205.6 13.66 1.02 2.59 0.44 23.73 2.51 36.56 22.51 296.1 16.32 0.48 3.84 0.73 35.54 3.7 39.5 23.86 217.8 14.04 1.09 3.14 0.51 27.06 1.2 43.72 26.05 192.7 11.4 0.2 2.67 0.41 24.26 1.8 47.25 28.83 127 8.34 1.37 1.61 0.28 16.53 1 3. Muratli et al. 2010 ODP 1234 bulk sediment data Chronology based on radiocarbon age model described by Muratli et al. (2010). All sedimentary components were analyzed at Oregon State University. Errors were determined from repeat analyses at the time of measurement. Al and Mn analyzed by ICP-OES following total acid digestion. Re analyzed by ICP-MS following total acid digestion. Mn and Re corrected for detrital inputs as described in Muratli et al. (2010). Opal determined by extraction in Na2CO3. Organic carbon determined by combustion after acidification to remove carbonate. Depth Age Al Mn(xs) Re(xs) Opal Corg Leg SiteH CoT Sc Top-cm Bot-cm (mcd) (ka) [ppm] ± [ppm] ± [ppb] ± [wt%] ± [wt%] ± 202 1234A 1H 1 6 8 0.06 1.736 85168 2335 0 0 13.25 0.694 4.21 0.22 2.501 0.025 202 1234A 1H 1 13 16 0.13 1.771 84316 11 17.2 0.28 11.91 0.015 2.49 0.018 202 1234A 1H 1 26 28 0.26 1.837 83319 1170 34.1 0.52 16.05 0.664 4.34 0.16 2.277 0.023 202 1234A 1H 1 33 36 0.33 1.872 84843 685 23 0.2 20.56 0.648 2.421 0.003 202 1234A 1H 1 43 46 0.43 1.923 84454 645 36 0.34 11.44 0.253 2.305 0.003 202 1234A 1H 1 56 58 0.56 2.118 83914 1015 40.6 0.8 14.48 1.403 3.43 0.18 1.943 0.019 202 1234A 1H 1 63 66 0.63 2.456 84344 549 29.4 0.31 14.45 0.095 2.05 0.002 202 1234A 1H 1 73 76 0.73 2.939 84439 1052 31.2 0.51 13.23 0.391 2.01 0.002 202 1234A 1H 1 83 86 0.83 3.423 84216 940 43.4 0.63 16.09 1.309 1.906 0.002 202 1234A 1H 1 93 96 0.93 3.906 83247 959 31.1 0.53 13.34 0.736 2.005 0.002 202 1234A 1H 1 103 106 1.03 4.389 82617 252 20.2 0.1 16.4 0.115 1.985 0.002 202 1234A 1H 1 116 118 1.16 5.6 83314 781 33.1 0.9 17.93 1.417 2.57 0.07 1.795 0.018 202 1234A 1H 1 123 126 1.23 6.252 83447 980 15.3 0.24 18.66 0.375 1.772 0.002 202 1234A 1H 1 133 136 1.33 7.183 84035 841 12.6 0.32 14.87 0.357 1.782 0.002 202 1234A 1H 1 143 146 1.43 8.114 82736 568 5.1 0.06 15.7 1.388 1.881 0.002 202 1234A 1H 2 6 8 1.57 9.222 83900 598 30.3 0.32 15.46 1.386 2.66 0.06 1.607 0.016 202 1234A 1H 2 13 16 1.64 9.414 82148 515 20.7 0.2 15.2 0.679 1.667 0.002 202 1234A 1H 2 23 26 1.74 9.689 82734 712 22.8 0.31 16.64 0.838 1.71 0.002 202 1234A 1H 2 33 36 1.84 9.965 82414 855 36.8 0.64 12.32 0.71 1.748 0.002 202 1234A 1H 2 43 46 1.94 10.24 81875 581 42.5 0.42 12.95 0.375 1.671 0.018 202 1234A 1H 2 56 58 2.07 10.597 82190 330 66.6 0.35 12 0.308 2.76 0.26 1.529 0.002 202 1234A 1H 2 63 66 2.14 10.79 83649 913 50.9 0.59 13.1 0.46 1.47 0.002 202 1234A 1H 2 73 76 2.24 11.109 82818 259 55.3 0.24 8.3 0.343 1.241 0.001 202 1234A 1H 2 83 86 2.34 11.428 82993 802 63.4 1.55 9.39 0.865 1.492 0.002 202 1234A 1H 2 93 96 2.44 11.748 83736 454 86.4 0.72 9.57 0.506 1.038 0.001 202 1234A 1H 2 106 108 2.57 12.16 82992 237 118.2 0.57 9.03 1.237 2.6 0.1 1.04 0.002 202 1234A 1H 2 113 116 2.64 12.376 83636 564 100.6 1.09 9.8 0.267 1.197 0.001 202 1234A 1H 2 123 126 2.74 12.684 84737 1059 129.1 2.27 8.27 0.864 1.169 0.001 202 1234A 1H 2 133 136 2.84 12.993 83460 755 155.9 1.55 14.38 0.228 1.059 0.001 202 1234A 1H 2 146 148 2.97 13.394 82303 867 131.7 1.85 6.65 0.345 2.86 0.15 1.038 0.009 202 1234A 1H 3 3.5 6 3.055 13.656 82893 725 121.9 1.44 7.47 1.207 1.239 0.001 202 1234A 1H 3 8.5 11 3.105 13.811 85664 729 96.5 1.02 9.41 0.512 3.42 0.1 0.998 0.007 202 1234A 1H 3 13.5 16 3.155 13.965 83933 695 110 1.62 10.08 1.422 1.094 0.001 202 1234A 1H 3 18.75 20 3.2075 14.019 89469 226 145.5 0.43 5.32 0.568 3.51 0.07 202 1234A 1H 3 23.5 26 3.255 14.067 84530 548 116.3 0.92 10.08 0.355 1.211 0.001 202 1234A 1H 3 28.75 30 3.3075 14.121 87589 3620 122.8 10.02 4.6 0.516 3.12 0.16 202 1234A 1H 3 33.5 36 3.355 14.169 80845 802 124.6 1.29 9.06 0.958 1.179 0.001 202 1234A 1H 3 38.75 40 3.4075 14.245 89201 566 139.4 1.19 6.22 0.795 3.73 0.15 202 1234B 1H 3 58.8 60 3.448 14.304 84222 1332 121.5 2.42 6.26 0.536 0.981 0.006 202 1234B 1H 3 68.8 70 3.548 14.428 84369 202 109.7 0.46 4.95 0.215 2.98 0.16 0.9 0.007 202 1234A 1H 3 58.75 60 3.6075 14.495 90667 614 122.6 1.29 4.17 0.338 3.2 0.09 0.786 0.006 202 1234A 1H 3 68.75 70 3.7075 14.608 89470 503 131.2 1.13 3.81 0.339 3.37 0.06 0.797 0.006 202 1234B 1H 3 88.8 90 3.748 14.653 83804 410 104.9 0.54 5.5 0.219 2.83 0.08 0.774 0.006 202 1234A 1H 3 88.75 90 3.9075 14.868 91064 635 125.8 0.89 4.05 0.036 3.47 0.15 0.796 0.006 202 1234B 1H 3 118.8 120 4.048 15.067 84157 565 113.3 1.06 2.75 0.147 3.07 0.19 0.806 0.006 202 1234B 1H 3 138.8 140 4.248 15.322 82705 301 109.8 1.01 4.45 0.38 3.52 0.1 0.788 0.006 202 1234B 1H 4 8.8 10 4.458 15.53 81858 1278 108.8 2.3 4.02 0.932 3.15 0.07 0.704 0.005 202 1234B 1H 4 28.8 30 4.658 15.781 84223 1773 105.6 2.82 2.8 0.265 0.73 0.005 202 1234B 1H 4 48.8 50 4.858 16.135 84876 905 96.1 2.34 2.11 0.107 0.754 0.007 202 1234B 1H 4 68.8 70 5.058 16.373 87303 684 91.4 1.03 6.11 0.201 3.93 0.19 0.772 0.006 202 1234B 1H 4 88.8 90 5.258 16.401 84626 811 103.3 1.45 4.52 0.304 0.841 0.006 202 1234B 1H 4 108.8 110 5.458 16.585 83337 279 154.4 0.78 9.31 0.311 3.59 0.03 0.806 0.006 202 1234B 1H 4 118.8 120 5.558 16.811 85066 1245 137.7 2.49 8.4 0.544 0.798 0.008 202 1234B 1H 4 138.8 140 5.758 17.264 85951 1263 157.2 3.19 2.1 0.482 3.87 0.25 0.827 0.006 202 1234B 1H 5 8.8 10 5.968 17.739 86166 163 150.6 0.35 1.64 0.13 3.71 0.12 0.844 0.005 202 1234B 1H 5 18.8 20 6.068 17.965 85707 881 156.3 1.65 4.84 0.638 0.823 0.026 202 1234B 1H 5 38.8 40 6.268 18.418 85515 1149 150.2 2.63 1.93 0.069 0.798 0.004 202 1234B 1H 5 58.8 60 6.468 18.826 86206 821 141.4 1.78 2.11 0.136 3.36 0.18 0.785 0.004 202 1234B 1H 5 78.8 80 6.668 19.107 85634 541 164.5 2.49 4.56 0.431 2.98 0.06 0.813 0.004 202 1234B 1H 5 88.8 90 6.768 19.217 88369 288 175.9 0.95 4.55 1.253 3.04 0.11 0.727 0.009 202 1234A 2H 2 28.8 30 6.958 19.424 86587 121 153.1 0.41 4.84 0.144 3.15 0.19 0.579 0.003 202 1234A 2H 2 48.8 50 7.158 19.639 86125 544 127.8 1.2 4.39 0.415 3.35 0.15 0.868 0.007 202 1234A 2H 2 78.8 80 7.458 19.962 85214 122 160.5 0.51 1.94 0.117 3.25 0.12 0.749 0.004 202 1234A 2H 2 88.8 90 7.558 20.069 88536 752 161.8 1.92 9.39 0.414 2.95 0.07 0.771 0.008 202 1234A 2H 2 98.8 100 7.658 20.172 86385 172 128.2 0.55 2.77 0.075 3.28 0.62 0.86 0.002 202 1234A 2H 2 108.8 110 7.758 20.272 87306 379 139.1 0.86 6.6 0.413 0.786 0.008 202 1234A 2H 2 128.8 130 7.958 20.472 87913 587 128.7 1.46 0.71 0.091 3.44 0.18 0.743 0.004 202 1234A 2H 2 138.8 140 8.058 20.571 88185 1 153.2 0.46 4.45 0.089 3.03 0.06 0.723 0.007 202 1234A 2H 2 148.8 150 8.158 20.671 87031 778 131.9 1.77 4.65 0.458 0.827 0.008 202 1234A 2H 4 8.75 10 9.8075 22.535 87629 853 133.6 1.86 3.83 0.383 0.789 0.008 202 1234A 2H 4 18.75 20 9.9075 22.591 88487 185 138.1 0.29 5.47 1.18 0.837 0.02 202 1234A 2H 4 28.75 3010.0075 22.647 89192 338 141 0.99 1.2 0.056 4.24 0.32 0.834 0.008 202 1234A 2H 4 38.75 4010.1075 22.789 86259 3087 156.4 7.87 2.95 0.399 0.792 0.008 202 1234B 2H 1 146 148 10.21 22.936 86819 844 146.5 1.99 1.05 0.01 3.85 0.09 0.754 0.004 202 1234B 2H 2 26 28 10.52 23.381 87023 573 145.3 1.16 2.28 0.175 3.55 0.07 0.807 0.004 202 1234B 2H 2 66 68 10.92 23.955 85708 596 112.5 1.25 1.37 0.184 3.48 0.13 0.804 0.004 202 1234B 2H 2 86 88 11.12 24.242 86866 667 107.6 1.13 3.45 0.347 4.38 0.16 0.858 0.005 202 1234B 2H 2 106 108 11.32 24.529 85271 665 125.2 1.28 1.23 0.03 3.69 0.29 0.799 0.004 202 1234B 2H 2 126 128 11.52 24.816 85801 406 131.2 0.85 2.72 0.176 4.58 0.09 0.822 0.014 202 1234B 2H 2 146 148 11.72 25.103 86418 226 148.1 0.95 4.94 0.778 4.45 0.12 0.786 0.004 202 1234B 2H 3 16 18 11.94 25.419 86364 662 119.9 1.43 4.05 0.131 4.93 0.26 0.832 0.004 202 1234B 2H 3 36 38 12.14 25.706 86664 689 122.9 1.46 1.12 0.076 4.08 0.08 0.767 0.004 202 1234B 2H 3 66 68 12.44 26.137 87083 919 135 1.86 1.22 0.187 4.83 0.71 0.754 0.004 202 1234B 2H 3 96 98 12.74 26.567 87091 596 117.8 1.22 4.12 0.228 5.53 0.16 0.886 0.005 202 1234B 2H 3 126 128 13.04 26.998 87175 574 104.6 1.32 4.68 0.254 6.62 0.08 0.848 0.005 202 1234B 2H 4 6 8 13.35 27.443 87162 763 120.8 1.64 1.79 0.087 5.23 0.11 0.883 0.005 202 1234B 2H 4 36 38 13.65 27.874 87030 810 130.1 1.71 4.61 0.112 5.22 0.4 0.908 0.005 202 1234B 2H 4 66 68 13.95 28.304 85719 455 102.3 1.47 4.88 0.292 5.49 0.12 1.041 0.066 202 1234B 2H 4 96 98 14.25 28.735 84361 733 85.6 1.26 3.98 0.183 4.65 0.15 1.021 0.005 202 1234B 2H 4 126 128 14.55 29.165 84671 684 119 1.25 3.67 0.148 3.74 0.18 0.976 0.005 202 1234B 2H 5 6 8 14.86 29.61 84632 864 105.6 1.48 5.06 0.405 4.66 0.18 1.186 0.006 202 1234B 2H 5 26 28 15.06 29.897 81323 394 119.5 0.68 6.56 0.777 3.98 0.38 1.06 0.006 202 1234B 2H 5 46 48 15.26 30.185 85062 433 95.4 0.53 8.43 1.938 3.66 0.1 1.041 0.006 4. Muratli et al. 2010 ODP 1234 flux data Sedimentation rates determined by linear fit between age control points. Fluxes calculated from the product of the sedimentation rate, the sediment bulk density, and the concentration of the sedimentary component. We report the mean of fluxes between age control points. Errors are the standard deviation of these means Depth Cal.Age SedRate Opal flux Corg flux Al flux (mcd) (ky B.P.) ± (cm/ky) ± (g/cm2/ky) ± (g/cm2/ky) ± (g/cm2/ky) ± 0.13 1.771 0.152 0.53 1.973 0.018 198 150 11.88 9.01 6.66 5.06 23.44 17.78 1.03 4.389 0.134 20.7 1.2 1.07 0.09 0.62 0.04 2.62 0.16 1.54 9.139 0.046 10.7 0.3 0.43 0.02 0.31 0.01 1.41 0.05 2.14 10.79 0.117 36.3 2.8 1.53 0.13 0.92 0.09 4.68 0.36 2.54 12.067 0.072 31.3 3.4 0.64 0.14 4.25 0.46 3.155 13.965 0.06 32.4 1.6 1.55 0.23 0.58 0.05 4.39 0.24 3.355 14.169 0.122 98 65.3 5.3 3.56 1.78 1.2 13.69 9.15 3.485 14.358 0.156 68.8 72.1 4.51 4.76 1.24 1.31 10.49 11.08 3.785 14.695 0.078 89 46.1 5.06 2.72 1.33 0.72 14.22 7.6 4.185 15.26 0.121 70.8 18 4.19 1.21 0.99 0.27 10.61 2.99 4.59 15.661 0.157 101 49.9 6.02 3.04 1.3 0.65 13.75 6.81 4.99 16.368 0.161 56.6 18 3.54 1.13 0.71 0.24 8.04 2.56 5.195 16.381 0.15 1576.9 26692.2 119.4 2020.9 20.8 352.9 227.4 3849.7 5.395 16.442 0.146 327.9 1125.1 4.6 15.6 45.8 157.2 6.405 18.728 0.078 44.2 3.2 2.87 0.3 0.62 0.06 6.52 0.65 6.605 19.038 0.107 64.5 27.6 4.05 1.73 0.95 0.4 10.41 4.45 6.895 19.356 0.112 91.2 44.4 4.61 2.26 1.18 0.59 13.33 6.53 7.595 20.109 0.092 93 17.9 4.52 0.98 1.06 0.28 12.35 2.59 8.23 20.743 0.146 100.2 27.3 5.12 1.43 1.24 0.35 13.76 3.75 9.03 22.099 0.099 59 7.7 10.01 22.649 0.83 178.2 270.8 11.44 17.41 2.21 3.36 23.85 36.26 16.05 31.319 0.15 69.7 6.8 4.65 0.98 0.94 0.17 8.82 0.99 5. Muratli et al. 2010 ODP 1235 bulk sediment data Chronology based on radiocarbon age model described by Muratli et al. (2010). All sedimentary components were analyzed at Oregon State University. Errors were determined from repeat analyses at the time of measurement. Al and Mn analyzed by ICP-OES following total acid digestion. Re analyzed by ICP-MS following total acid digestion. Mn and Re corrected for detrital inputs as described in Muratli et al. (2010). Opal determined by extraction in Na2CO3. Organic carbon determined by combustion after acidification to remove carbonate. Depth Age Al Mn(xs) Re(xs) Opal Corg Leg SiteH CoT Sc Top-cm Bot-cm (mcd) (ka) [ppm] ± [ppm] ± [ppb] ± [wt%] ± [wt%] ± 202 1235A 1H 1 4 5 0.04 0.179 86390 289 12.8 0.05 12.07 2.003 3.79 0.41 2.123 0.007 202 1235A 1H 1 7 9 0.07 0.254 86452 531 -16.8 0.45 15.1 0.569 202 1235A 1H 1 22 24 0.22 0.628 87618 524 15 0.13 16.37 0.318 202 1235A 1H 1 37 39 0.37 1.002 86977 525 32.3 0.3 16.22 0.536 202 1235A 1H 1 39 40 0.39 1.197 87872 415 13.8 0.1 11.89 1.69 1.99 0.22 1.514 0.005 202 1235A 1H 1 46 48 0.46 1.88 86112 665 39 0.33 17.44 0.806 202 1235A 1H 1 52 54 0.52 2.466 86554 832 45.8 0.54 16.4 1.051 202 1235A 1H 1 64 65 0.64 2.746 87638 1635 30.1 0.59 11.17 1.814 1.91 0.36 1.329 0.047 202 1235A 1H 1 70 72 0.7 3.057 86823 825 36.7 0.43 15.86 0.388 202 1235A 1H 1 76 78 0.76 3.539 86007 804 34 0.39 16.38 1.866 202 1235A 1H 1 82 84 0.82 4.021 84913 1782 40.9 1.56 13.2 0.315 202 1235A 1H 1 94 96 0.94 4.985 84612 403 41 0.27 11.06 0.783 202 1235A 1H 1 99 100 0.99 5.582 85605 1384 21.6 0.4 13.06 2.208 1.93 0.17 1.308 0.004 202 1235A 1H 1 107 109 1.07 7.005 84238 816 27.8 0.56 16.13 0.537 202 1235A 1H 1 113 115 1.13 8.113 84442 753 36 0.4 15.41 0.192 202 1235A 1H 1 119 121 1.19 9.427 85324 914 47.1 0.71 21.35 2.771 202 1235A 1H 1 122 124 1.22 10.085 83031 742 39.5 0.6 18.34 1.188 202 1235A 1H 1 129 130 1.29 11.378 87808 653 42.3 0.43 11.76 1.743 1.86 0.3 1.294 0.004 202 1235A 1H 1 134 136 1.34 11.869 83665 393 58.1 0.62 19.3 0.897 202 1235A 1H 1 140 142 1.4 12.459 80516 1102 60.6 1.33 12.69 1.403 202 1235A 1H 2 9 10 1.59 14.245 88220 470 53 0.35 9.39 1.667 2.13 0.03 0.839 0.005 202 1235A 1H 2 39 40 1.89 15.853 88033 631 69.1 0.66 9.8 0.925 2.36 0.56 0.692 0.002 202 1235A 1H 2 69 70 2.19 15.989 87028 1077 79.2 1.42 6.23 0.918 2.47 0.18 0.672 0.002 202 1235B 1H 2 99 100 2.6 16.2 87136 707 74 1.01 4.45 1.323 0.693 0.035 202 1235B 1H 2 129 130 2.9 16.378 86741 2449 68 2.59 2.02 0.573 2.67 0.37 0.654 0.024 202 1235B 1H 3 9 10 3.2 16.563 88025 1460 75.3 1.89 0.92 0.313 0.655 0.102 202 1235B 1H 3 39 40 3.5 16.849 87889 436 95.3 0.66 3.76 0.697 2.74 0.08 0.771 0.029 202 1235B 1H 3 69 70 3.8 17.04 87262 219 103.1 0.89 1.73 0.605 0.771 0.029 202 1235B 1H 3 99 100 4.1 17.23 88387 908 120.6 1.34 0.44 0.186 2.53 0.1 0.711 0.117 202 1235B 1H 3 129 130 4.4 17.421 88898 2015 139.9 3.88 0.83 0.209 0.779 0.03 202 1235B 1H 4 9 10 4.7 17.527 90249 2064 158.1 4.13 3.24 0.628 2.02 0.03 0.677 0.026 202 1235B 1H 4 39 40 5 17.578 95043 210 143.6 0.37 0.68 0.218 0.757 0.029 202 1235B 1H 4 69 70 5.3 17.795 90817 889 164.6 2.67 0.61 0.165 3.02 0.06 0.794 0.03 202 1235B 1H 4 99 100 5.6 18.011 94927 1341 136.2 2.67 1.92 0.398 0.649 0.113 202 1235B 1H 4 129 130 5.9 18.228 94259 897 138.6 1.9 -0.39 0.098 2.37 0.15 0.689 0.026 202 1235A 2H 1 129 130 6.19 18.437 89427 643 168.7 1.28 0.68 0.108 2.87 0.39 0.54 0.002 202 1235A 2H 2 9 10 6.5 18.544 88686 626 180.1 1.79 0.32 0.102 3.03 0.26 0.546 0.002 202 1235A 2H 2 38 39 6.79 18.565 89650 422 176.8 1.03 0.43 0.101 3.1 0.16 0.549 0.022 202 1235A 2H 2 64 65 7.05 18.583 88464 732 97.7 1.11 8.39 1.086 2.26 0.45 0.923 0.003 202 1235A 2H 2 99 100 7.4 18.608 90036 1274 159.6 3.82 1.62 0.253 3.08 0.38 0.553 0.002 202 1235A 2H 2 129 130 7.7 18.759 89133 342 144.3 1.95 -0.11 0.011 2.95 0.32 0.562 0.015 202 1235A 2H 3 9 10 8.01 19.003 86332 558 179.7 1.24 1.04 0.139 2.73 0.13 0.523 0.002 202 1235A 2H 3 39 40 8.31 19.033 88507 1042 164.7 3.36 -0.26 0.057 2.55 0.15 0.483 0.002 202 1235A 2H 3 69 70 8.61 19.063 90009 924 147.7 2.65 0.28 0.026 2.47 0.08 0.584 0.002 202 1235A 2H 3 99 100 8.91 19.093 91528 770 223.8 2.65 0.85 0.095 0.463 0.002 202 1235A 2H 3 129 130 9.21 19.115 92585 328 180.2 0.85 1.56 0.103 0.533 0.002 202 1235A 2H 4 9 10 9.51 19.131 90099 857 185.1 1.88 -0.39 0.004 0.557 0.011 202 1235A 2H 4 39 40 9.81 19.148 91992 928 146.4 1.94 0.05 0.01 0.556 0.002 202 1235A 2H 4 69 70 10.11 19.202 91474 624 151.9 1.33 0.22 0.013 0.616 0.003 202 1235A 2H 4 99 100 10.41 19.284 90153 551 151.7 1.36 0.35 0.008 0.597 0.002 202 1235A 2H 4 129 130 10.71 19.366 89757 524 142.3 0.9 -0.12 0.004 0.622 0.003 202 1235A 2H 5 9 10 11.02 19.451 90308 499 131.8 1.18 -0.44 0.061 0.627 0.003 202 1235A 2H 5 39 40 11.32 19.533 92389 189 114.7 0.37 0.38 0.009 2.84 0.13 0.582 0.002 202 1235A 2H 5 69 70 11.62 19.615 86545 4675 185.3 10.21 0.7 0.04 2.32 0.04 0.541 0.002 202 1235A 2H 5 99 100 11.92 19.7 91331 746 134.5 1.53 1.33 0.012 2.86 0.06 0.697 0.003 202 1235A 2H 5 129 130 12.22 19.824 90995 405 126.5 0.65 0.59 0.029 2.85 0.05 0.586 0.005 202 1235A 2H 6 9 10 12.53 19.952 91306 2512 82.2 3.57 0.01 0 2.02 0.08 0.475 0.002 202 1235C 2H 2 113 114 12.74 20.039 89577 1035 75.5 1.45 -0.58 0.166 0.387 0.001 202 1235C 2H 2 143 144 13.04 20.164 84635 1543 46 0.96 -0.65 0.127 0.342 0.001 202 1235C 2H 3 24 25 13.35 20.292 89496 2286 154.9 4.49 0.01 0.002 0.527 0.001 202 1235C 2H 3 54 55 13.65 20.416 89623 2201 136.2 3.39 2.15 0.319 0.554 0.001 202 1235C 2H 3 84 85 13.95 20.54 90478 908 175.2 2.27 3.5 0.313 0.596 0.001 202 1235C 2H 3 114 115 14.25 20.665 91306 477 161.2 1.5 2.99 0.255 0.555 0.003 202 1235C 2H 4 9 10 14.72 20.859 89036 566 136.7 1.09 2.73 0.137 0.557 0.003 202 1235C 2H 4 39 40 15.02 20.984 90346 100 119.2 0.39 3.79 0.163 0.585 0.005 202 1235C 2H 4 69 70 15.32 21.108 89036 573 135.5 1.05 1.89 0.049 0.631 0.003 202 1235C 2H 4 99 100 15.62 21.232 90839 738 127.4 1.56 7.31 0.263 0.698 0.004 202 1235A 3H 1 99 100 16.09 21.431 89535 1271 119.2 2.78 1.67 0.321 3.98 0.31 0.661 0.003 202 1235A 3H 1 129 130 16.39 21.621 89490 346 134.8 0.69 2.29 0.158 0.66 0.003 202 1235A 3H 2 9 10 16.7 21.818 89799 1236 128.6 3.1 1 0.13 0.65 0.006 202 1235A 3H 2 39 40 17 22.009 90759 537 124.9 1.03 2.87 0.026 0.622 0.003 202 1235A 3H 2 69 70 17.3 22.2 90934 482 114.4 0.64 2.73 0.194 3.5 0.34 0.658 0.003 202 1235A 3H 2 99 100 17.6 22.39 88187 293 121.6 0.49 -0.05 0.001 3.74 0.17 0.656 0.005 202 1235A 3H 2 129 130 17.9 22.581 90359 955 139.1 1.88 0.74 0.073 3.69 0.14 0.655 0.003 6. Muratli et al. 2010 ODP 1235 flux data Sedimentation rates determined by linear fit between age control points. Fluxes calculated from the product of the sedimentation rate, the sediment bulk density, and the concentration of the sedimentary component. We report the mean of fluxes between age control points. Errors are the standard deviation of these means Depth Cal.Age SedRate Opal flux Corg flux Al flux (mcd) (ky B.P.) ± (cm/ky) ± (g/cm2/ky) ± (g/cm2/ky) ± (g/cm2/ky ± 0.145 0.441 0.156 0.37 1.002 0.105 40.1 13.4 2.28 0.81 1.28 0.43 5.23 1.78 0.52 2.466 0.194 10.2 1.5 0.33 0.06 0.25 0.04 1.44 0.22 0.67 2.816 0.111 42.9 27.4 1.39 0.93 0.97 0.62 6.39 4.08 0.97 5.226 0.231 12.4 1.3 1.73 0.19 1.12 7.894 0.069 5.6 0.5 0.17 0.02 0.11 0.01 0.74 0.07 1.27 11.181 0.178 4.6 0.3 0.63 0.04 1.57 14.131 0.458 10.2 1.7 0.32 0.07 0.22 0.04 1.42 0.25 1.87 15.844 0.128 17.5 4.9 0.58 0.16 0.23 0.06 2.42 0.67 2.43 16.099 0.62 219.6 545.2 8.47 21.03 2.39 5.94 30.71 76.24 3.18 16.544 0.117 168.5 239 8.26 11.77 2.08 2.96 26.91 38.16 3.48 16.837 0.155 102.4 67.9 1.26 0.86 16.96 11.25 4.53 17.504 0.164 157.4 53.3 7.81 2.69 2.25 0.77 26.14 8.89 4.98 17.564 0.187 750 3109.1 27.54 114.15 9.21 38.2 122.85 509.28 6.32 18.531 0.266 138.6 46.6 6.72 2.43 1.67 0.62 22.67 7.73 7.53 18.617 0.088 1407 4583.8 69.19 225.64 15.51 50.73 215.16 701.01 7.99 19.001 0.087 119.8 38.6 6.3 2.14 1.2 0.39 19.06 6.14 9.04 19.105 0.119 1009.6 1431 46.26 65.62 9.19 13.06 159.53 226.17 9.94 19.155 0.186 1800 7949.2 16.87 74.49 281.49 1243.14 11.9 19.691 0.131 365.7 155.2 15.68 7.03 3.63 1.56 54.74 23.3 16.07 21.418 0.871 241.5 123.1 11.51 6.28 2.47 1.35 40.12 20.57 18.03 22.664 0.149 157.3 111.6 9.51 6.77 1.66 1.18 22.94 16.27