# Bohai Sea 1327KYr Grain Size Data and Reconstructed Relative Water Level
#----------------------------------------------------------------------- 
#                World Data Center for Paleoclimatology, Boulder 
#                                  and 
#                     NOAA Paleoclimatology Program 
#----------------------------------------------------------------------- 
# NOTE: Please cite Publication, and Online_Resource and date accessed when using these data. 
# If there is no publication information, please cite Investigators, Title, and Online_Resource and date accessed. 
#
#
# Online_Resource: http://ncdc.noaa.gov/paleo/study/17936
#
# Original_Source_URL: ftp://ftp.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/paleocean/relative_sea_level/bohai2015foram.txt
# 
# Description/Documentation lines begin with #
# Data lines have no #
#
# Archive: Paleoceanography
#--------------------
# Contribution_Date
#	Date: 2015-01-30
#--------------------
# Title
#	Study_Name: Bohai Sea 1327KYr Grain Size Data and Reconstructed Relative Water Level
#--------------------
# Investigators
# 	Investigators: Yi, L.; Deng, C.; Xu, X.; Yu, H.; Qiang, X.; Jiang, X.; Chen, Y.; Su, Q.; Chen, G.; Li, P.; Ge, J.; Li, Y.
#--------------------
# Description_and_Notes
#	Description: Sediment grain size data, foraminifera abundance, and reconstructed Bohai Sea relative water level 
#	from coastal sediment core LZ908, covering the past 1.327 million years. This data set is an extension of the 
#	Yi et al. 2012 data set, (http://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/paleo/study/13286) which is reconstructed Bohai Sea relative 
#	water level for 135KYrs. 
#--------------------
# Publication 
# 	Authors: Liang Yi, Chenglong Deng, Xingyong Xu, Hongjun Yu, Xiaoke Qiang, Xingyu Jiang, Yanping Chen, Qiao Su, Guangquan Chen, Ping Li, Junyi Ge, Yan Li
#	Published_Date_or_Year: 2015-04-15
#	Published_Title: Paleo-megalake termination in the Quaternary: Paleomagnetic and water-level evidence from south Bohai Sea, China
#	Journal_Name: Sedimentary Geology
#	Volume: 319
#	Edition: 
#	Issue: 
#	Pages: 1-12
#	DOI: 10.1016/j.sedgeo.2015.01.005
#	Online_Resource: http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0037073815000378
#	Full_Citation: 
#	Abstract: Asian marginal seas play an important role in moderating material and energy flux linkages between Asia and the Northwest Pacific, and thus have profound climatic and environmental effects. In this study, by combining paleomagnetic study with sediment grain-size analysis on the Lz908 borehole sedimentary sequence from the southern Bohai Sea, new insights into regional geomorphological process since the late early Pleistocene are obtained. The main results are as follows. (1) Paleomagnetic findings suggest that the sequence recorded the Brunhes normal chron and the late Matuyama reverse chron, including the Jaramillo normal subchron. (2) The sedimentary processes in the study area since 1327 ka show a three-stage pattern, with depositional rates of 4.3, 17 and 107 cm/ka during 1327-260 ka (later part of the early and middle Pleistocene), 260-10 ka (late middle and late Pleistocene), and the Holocene, respectively. (3) The sedimentary basin was a part of the Bohai Paleolakes (BHPL) prior to 260 ka, whose water levels were consistently higher than 3 m above the present-day level. After 260 ka, seawater entered the Bohai basin, and relative sea level cyclically fluctuated with global sea-level changes. We therefore infer that the Miaodao Islands, which were the natural barrier of the BHPL blocking seawater entry, had partially subsided before 260 ka, only allowing seawater to enter the basin during a global sea-level maximum. The BHPL terminated around 260 ka, and the "barrier" subsided completely around ~130 ka, causing the Bohai basin to become an inner shelf sea.
#------------------
# Publication 
# 	Authors: Liang Yi, Hongjun Yu, Joseph D. Ortiz, Xingyong Xu, Xiaoke Qiang, Haijun Huang, Xuefa Shi, Chenglong Deng
#	Published_Date_or_Year: 2012-12-15      
#	Published_Title: A reconstruction of late Pleistocene relative sea level in the south Bohai Sea, China, based on sediment grain-size analysis
#	Journal_Name: Sedimentary Geology
#	Volume: 281
#	Edition: 
#	Issue: 
#	Pages: 88-100
#	DOI: 10.1016/j.sedgeo.2012.08.007
#	Online_Resource: http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0037073812002333
#	Full_Citation: 
#	Abstract: Future anthropogenic sea-level rise and its impact on coastal regions is an important issue facing human civilizations. Due to the short nature of the instrumental record of sea-level change, development of proxies for sea-level change prior to the advent of instrumental records is essential to reconstruct long-term background sea-level changes on local, regional and global scales. Here, we employ numerical methods to partition sediment grain size using a combined database of marine surface and core samples, and to quantitatively reconstruct sea-level variation since the late Pleistocene in the south Bohai Sea, China. Our sea-level reconstruction indicates that relative sea-level changes in the southern Bohai Sea track global sea-level variation for the duration of the record. The results also indicate substantial regression from 70 to 30 cal kyr BP, and potentially subarial exposure from 38 to 20 cal kyr BP. Our results document the feasibility of reconstructing relative sea-level change by numerical partitioning of sediment grain size data, demonstrating the potential for future applications.
#------------------
# Funding_Agency 
#	Funding_Agency_Name: National Natural Science Foundation of China
#	Grant: 41402153, 41106062
#------------------
# Funding_Agency 
#	Funding_Agency_Name: National Basic Research Program of China
#	Grant: 2010CB951200, 2012CB821900
#------------------
# Funding_Agency 
#	Funding_Agency_Name: China Postdoctoral Science Foundation
#	Grant: 2013T60164
#------------------
# Funding_Agency 
#	Funding_Agency_Name: Chinese Academy of Sciences
#	Grant: Bairen Program
#------------------
# Site_Information 
#	Site_Name: LZ908
#	Location: Asia>Eastern Asia>China
#	Country: China
#	Northernmost_Latitude: 37.15
#	Southernmost_Latitude: 37.15
#	Easternmost_Longitude: 118.9667
#	Westernmost_Longitude: 118.9667
#	Elevation: 6 m  
#------------------
# Data_Collection   
#	Collection_Name: Bohai2015foram
#	Earliest_Year: 243350
#	Most_Recent_Year: 2100
#	Time_Unit: Cal. year BP
#	Core_Length: 101.3 m
#	Notes: Abundance of foraminifera of Lz908 core
#------------------
# Chronology: 
#
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#----------------
# Variables 
#
# Data variables follow that are preceded by "##" in columns one and two.
# Data line variables format:  Variables list, one per line, shortname-tab-longname-tab-longname components (9 components: what, material, error, units, seasonality, archive, detail, method, C or N for Character or Numeric data) 
#
##depth_m	depth, , , m, , , , ,N
##forams/g	Foraminifera Abundance, , , counts per gram, , , , ,N
#
#----------------
# Data:
# Data lines follow (have no #)
# Data line format - tab-delimited text, variable short name as header
# Missing Values:  
#
depth_m	forams/g
2.60	201
3.00	156
3.20	224
3.20	177
4.40	175
5.10	285
5.80	189
6.60	138
9.00	128
9.30	178
9.80	201
10.00	161
10.10	180
10.20	141
10.30	65
10.30	108
10.40	100
10.80	143
10.80	208
11.30	18
11.30	68
11.40	8
11.40	8
11.50	17
11.60	7
11.90	14
12.30	43
12.50	15
12.80	53
12.80	39
13.10	16
13.20	98
13.40	41
13.40	338
13.70	240
14.10	368
14.60	234
14.60	166
15.00	220
15.40	210
15.90	202
16.20	279
16.80	119
16.90	108
17.20	185
17.60	201
17.80	262
18.00	249
18.40	252
19.00	320
19.20	218
19.40	212
19.90	143
20.50	320
20.70	124
21.70	200
22.10	79
22.70	131
22.80	180
23.00	109
23.30	155
23.40	142
24.00	95
24.40	74
25.00	109
25.40	167
25.90	84
26.10	52
26.30	128
26.50	170
26.80	160
27.10	154
27.40	95
28.30	110
28.40	21
28.60	41
28.80	100
28.90	40
29.00	96
29.10	8
29.50	3
29.60	0
29.90	1
30.00	0
30.30	0
30.50	4
30.70	18
30.80	0
31.10	15
31.40	0
32.20	23
32.40	21
33.50	0
33.60	0
33.80	0
33.90	10
34.10	9
34.20	6
34.50	78
34.80	60
35.60	3
36.10	0
36.30	33
36.80	50
37.30	141
37.50	165
38.50	135
38.70	114
38.90	202
39.10	146
39.40	46
39.60	25
40.00	0
40.40	0
40.60	3
41.10	14
41.30	253
41.70	16
41.90	10
42.00	7
42.40	5
42.90	5
43.30	7
43.70	2
44.20	27
44.70	45
44.80	8
45.20	202
46.60	53
46.70	65
47.20	120
47.90	103
48.20	128
48.40	125
49.20	46
49.80	71
50.30	81
50.60	74
51.60	0
52.00	5
52.30	6