# ISOMED Mediterranean Lakes Late Quaternary Oxygen Isotope Data
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#                World Data Service for Paleoclimatology, Boulder 
#                                  and 
#                     NOAA Paleoclimatology Program 
#             National Centers for Environmental Information (NCEI)
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# Template Version 3.0
# Encoding: UTF-8
# NOTE: Please cite Publication, and Online_Resource and date accessed when using these data. 
# If there is no publication information, please cite Investigators, Title, and Online_Resource and date accessed. 
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# Online_Resource: https://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/paleo/study/24450 
#       Description: NOAA Landing Page
# Online_Resource: https://www1.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/paleolimnology/asia/turkey/golhisar2008d18o.txt
#       Description: NOAA location of the template
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# Original_Source_URL:  
#       Description:
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# Description/Documentation lines begin with #
# Data lines have no #
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# Archive: Paleolimnology
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# Dataset DOI: 
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# Parameter_Keywords: oxygen isotopes 
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# Contribution_Date
#	Date: 2013-07-08
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# File_Last_Modified_Date
#	Date: 2013-07-08
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# Title
#	Study_Name: ISOMED Mediterranean Lakes Late Quaternary Oxygen Isotope Data
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# Investigators
#	Investigators: Roberts, N.; Jones, M.D.; Benkaddour, A.; Eastwood, W.J.; Filippi, M.L.; Frogley, M.R.; Lamb, H.F.; Leng, M.J.; Reed, J.M.; Stein, M.; Stevens, L.; Valero-Garces, B.; Zanchetta, G.
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# Description_Notes_and_Keywords
#	Description: Oxygen isotope (d18O) data from late Quaternary sediments collected in 8 lakes in the Mediterranean region. 
#	All data are 3 point running mean d18O values, except where stated. Chronologies are based on linear interpolation between calibrated 14C dates 
#	(using OxCal) or U-Th ages, except where stated. Analysis on authigenic carbonate, except where stated. 
#	Note: Core GHA plus splice from core GHB 
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# Publication 
#	Authors: Roberts, N., M.D. Jones, A. Benkaddour, W.J. Eastwood, M.L. Filippi, M.R. Frogley, H.F. Lamb, M.J. Leng, J.M. Reed, M. Stein, L. Stevens, B. Valero-Garces, and G. Zanchetta
#	Published_Date_or_Year: 2008-12-01   
#	Published_Title: Stable isotope records of Late Quaternary climate and hydrology from Mediterranean lakes: the ISOMED synthesis
#	Journal_Name: Quaternary Science Reviews
#	Volume: 27
#	Edition: 
#	Issue: 25-26
#	Pages: 2426-2441
#	Report_Number: 
#	DOI: 10.1016/j.quascirev.2008.09.005
#	Online_Resource: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0277379108002230
#	Full_Citation: 
#	Abstract: Lake isotope records can be used to assess the spatial coherency of Late Quaternary climate change across the circum-Mediterranean region. We place modern and palaeo-data within a simple conceptual lake response model to show that the isotope hydrology of most Mediterranean lakes has been influenced strongly by water balance, even in those systems that are chemically dilute (i.e. freshwater). d18O data on biogenic and endogenic carbonates from 24 lake basins are used to reconstruct multi-millennial-scale trends since the LGM. While it is difficult to make direct comparisons between lake records in terms of single climatic parameters, coherent regional isotopic trends can be identified. During glacial times Mediterranean lakes deposited carbonates isotopically heavier in d18O compared to the Holocene, partly due to source area effects. Isotopic enrichment was most marked during intervals corresponding to the H1 and Younger Dryas events, confirming that Late Pleistocene cold stages in the North Atlantic region were marked by aridity around much of the Mediterranean. Almost all Mediterranean lake records shifted to more depleted isotopic values during the Last Glacial-Interglacial Transition (LGIT). This shift is the reverse of the trend which characterised the same transition in lakes from northern and central Europe, and suggests that temperature changes were not an important direct driver of Mediterranean lake isotopic records over glacial-interglacial timescales. In the early Holocene, many lakes in the eastern part of the region were more depleted isotopically than in recent millennia. This corresponds with marine sapropel formation, both chronologically and geographically, and implies that increases in local rainfall contributed significantly to the creation of a freshwater lid and anoxia in the East Mediterranean Sea. In contrast, no such pattern is currently apparent from lake isotope records from the West Mediterranean, suggesting a possible NW-SE contrast in climate history during the Holocene.
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# Publication 
#	Authors: Warren J. Eastwood, Melanie J. Leng, Neil Roberts, Basil Davis 
#	Published_Date_or_Year: 2007-05-01    
#	Published_Title: Holocene climate change in the eastern Mediterranean region: a comparison of stable isotope and pollen data from Lake Gölhisar, southwest Turkey
#	Journal_Name: Journal of Quaternary Science
#	Volume: 22
#	Edition: 
#	Issue: 4
#	Pages: 327-341
#	Report_Number: 
#	DOI: 10.1002/jqs.1062
#	Online_Resource: https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1002/jqs.1062
#	Full_Citation: 
#	Abstract: Stable isotope and pollen data from Golhisar Golu, a small intramontane lake located in southwest Turkey, provide complementary records of Holocene climate change. Modern oxygen and hydrogen isotope water data are used as a means of comparing present-day isotope composition of the lake water to the past oxygen isotope composition of the lake water as calculated from 18O/16O ratios in calcite precipitated in the summer months. Despite the lake system being chemically dilute, the modern isotope data clearly establish that the lake water is evaporated in relation to its spring input, suggesting that the palaeo data can be interpreted primarily in terms of changing precipitation/evaporation ratios. d18O and d13C values from authigenic calcite through the Holocene show predominantly negative values indicating climatic conditions wetter than today. Particularly notable are low (depleted) isotope values during the earliest Holocene (ca. 10,600-8800 cal. yr. BP), a period for which pollen data imply drier conditions than at present. This divergence between pollen-inferred and stable isotope palaeoclimate data is found in other east Mediterranean lake sediment records, and suggests that vegetation may have taken several millennia to reach climatic equilibrium at the start of the Holocene. Isotopic fluctuations during the early-to-mid Holocene (8800-5100 cal. yr. BP) suggest oscillations between aridity and humidity. Higher d18O and d13C values for the second half of the Holocene indicate generally drier conditions than during the period before ca.5100 cal. yr BP although there is some evidence for increased humidity coinciding with pollen evidence for increasing human impact and intensification of agriculture, notably during the so-called Beysehir Occupation Phase (Classical and early Byzantine periods). The modern trend towards aridity started about 1300 yr ago. 
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# Funding_Agency 
#	Funding_Agency_Name: 
#	Grant: 
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# Site_Information 
#	Site_Name: Lake Golhisar
#	Location: Asia>Western Asia>Turkey
#	Country: Turkey
#	Northernmost_Latitude: 37.133
# 	Southernmost_Latitude: 37.133
# 	Easternmost_Longitude: 29.6
# 	Westernmost_Longitude: 29.6
# 	Elevation: 930  m
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# Data_Collection   
#	Collection_Name: Golhisar2008d18O
#	Earliest_Year: 10559
#	Most_Recent_Year: 302
#	Time_Unit: Cal. Year BP
#	Core_Length: 
#	Notes: 
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# Chronology_Information
#	Chronology: 
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# Variables 
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# Data variables follow are preceded by "##" in columns one and two.
# Data line variables format:  one per line, shortname-tab-variable components (what, material, error, units, seasonality, data type,detail, method, C or N for Character or Numeric data, free text) 
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## depth_m	depth, , , m, , , , ,N,
## age_calBP	age, , , calendar years before present, , , , ,N,
## d18O	delta 18O, calcium carbonate, , per mil, ,paleolimnology,3 point running mean,isotope ratio mass spectrometry,N,
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# Data:
# Data lines follow (have no #)
# Data line format - tab-delimited text, variable short name as header
# Missing Values:  
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depth_m	age_calBP	d18O 
0.21	302	-3.50
0.29	418	-3.67
0.37	533	-3.57
0.47	677	-3.53
0.53	763	-3.37
0.61	878	-3.50
0.69	994	-3.80
0.77	1109	-4.20
0.81	1166	-4.60
0.85	1224	-4.80
0.89	1288	-4.90
0.93	1361	-4.93
0.97	1434	-4.97
1.01	1508	-4.97
1.17	1801	-5.13
1.21	1874	-5.17
1.25	1948	-5.23
1.29	2021	-4.97
1.35	2131	-5.23
1.45	2314	-5.03
1.53	2461	-5.00
1.61	2608	-4.40
1.69	2657	-4.17
1.77	2683	-4.00
1.85	2710	-3.97
1.93	2736	-3.97
2.01	2763	-3.80
2.15	2809	-3.57
2.19	2822	-3.53
2.27	2849	-3.50
2.31	2862	-3.57
2.35	2875	-3.50
2.43	2902	-3.67
2.47	2978	-3.90
2.51	3075	-4.17
2.55	3173	-3.70
2.59	3270	-3.90
2.63	3367	-4.37
2.65	3416	-6.53
2.71	3562	-7.03
2.73	3626	-7.29
2.75	3689	-5.64
2.76	3721	-4.87
2.79	3817	-3.16
2.83	3944	-2.26
2.87	4071	-1.31
2.91	4198	-1.42
2.95	4326	-1.52
2.99	4453	-2.49
3.03	4580	-2.92
3.07	4707	-3.18
3.11	4835	-3.24
3.15	4962	-2.55
3.19	5089	-3.71
3.27	5344	-3.97
3.35	5598	-5.67
3.43	5684	-5.93
3.51	5747	-6.77
3.59	5809	-7.17
3.91	6057	-7.67
3.99	6119	-7.57
4.07	6182	-7.43
4.15	6244	-6.50
4.23	6306	-6.30
4.31	6368	-6.47
4.39	6430	-7.03
4.45	6477	-6.97
4.47	6492	-5.67
4.75	6710	-5.43
4.83	6772	-5.53
4.91	6834	-5.43
4.99	6896	-3.70
5.07	6958	-2.50
5.15	7021	-3.93
5.23	7083	-4.93
5.31	7145	-5.30
5.39	7207	-4.83
5.47	7375	-4.57
5.53	7501	-3.83
5.61	7668	-2.97
5.69	7836	-4.03
5.77	8004	-5.23
5.85	8172	-6.10
5.93	8340	-6.03
6.01	8507	-5.23
6.09	8675	-4.27
6.17	8808	-3.87
6.25	8881	-4.87
6.33	8955	-6.03
6.41	9029	-6.57
6.53	9139	-6.67
6.61	9213	-6.73
6.69	9287	-6.97
6.77	9361	-7.20
6.85	9434	-7.60
6.93	9508	-7.60
7.01	9582	-7.13
7.09	9656	-6.43
7.17	9729	-6.07
7.25	9803	-6.33
7.31	9858	-6.50
7.55	10080	-6.73
7.63	10153	-7.07
7.69	10209	-7.17
7.79	10301	-7.17
7.85	10356	-6.90
8.01	10504	-7.13
8.07	10559	-7.23