# Lake Malawi, East Africa 1.3 Million Year TEX86 Paleotemperature
#----------------------------------------------------------------------- 
#                World Data Service for Paleoclimatology, Boulder 
#                                  and 
#                     NOAA Paleoclimatology Program 
#             National Centers for Environmental Information (NCEI)
#----------------------------------------------------------------------- 
# Template Version 3.0
# Encoding: UTF-8
# NOTE: Please cite Publication, and Online_Resource and date accessed when using these data. 
# If there is no publication information, please cite Investigators, Title, and Online_Resource and date accessed. 
#
# Online_Resource: https://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/paleo/study/21890
#       Description: 
# Online_Resource: https://www1.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/paleolimnology/eastafrica/malawi2016ll.txt
#       Description:
#
# Original_Source_URL:  
#       Description:
# 
# Description/Documentation lines begin with #
# Data lines have no #
#
# Archive: Paleolimnology
#
# Dataset DOI: 
#
# Parameter_Keywords: geochemistry, carbon isotopes, reconstruction 
#--------------------
# Contribution_Date
#	Date: 2017-04-02
#--------------------
# File_Last_Modified_Date
#	Date: 2020-04-06
#--------------------
# Title
#	Study_Name: Lake Malawi, East Africa 1.3 Million Year TEX86 Paleotemperature
#--------------------
# Investigators
#	Investigators: Johnson, T.C.; Werne, J.P.; Brown, E.T.; Abbott, A.; Berke, M.; Steinman, B.A.; Halbur, J.; Contreras, S.; Grosshuesch, S.; Deino, A.; Scholz, C.A.; Lyons, R.P.; Schouten, S.; Sinninghe Damste, J.S.
#--------------------
# Description_Notes_and_Keywords
#	Description: TEX86 paleotemperatures, n-alkane 13C, and Ca abundance (XRF) data from sediments collected in Lake Malawi, East Africa for the past 1.3 million years. 
#	Record consists of data from piston core M98-13P (11.2667S,34.435E) and from drill holes MAL05-1B and MAL05-1C (11.2939S, 34.4372E).
#	Provided Keywords: paleotemperature, paleo-hydroclimate, tropical climate dynamics, East Africa
#--------------------
# Publication 
#	Authors: T.C. Johnson, J.P. Werne, E.T. Brown, A. Abbott, M. Berke, B.A. Steinman, J. Halbur, S. Contreras, S. Grosshuesch, A. Deino, C.A. Scholz, R.P. Lyons, S. Schouten, and J.S. Sinninghe Damste 
#	Published_Date_or_Year: 2016-09-08      
#	Published_Title: A progressively wetter climate in southern East Africa over the past 1.3 million years
#	Journal_Name: Nature
#	Volume: 537
#	Edition: 
#	Issue: 7619
#	Pages: 220-224
#	Report_Number: 
#	DOI: 10.1038/nature19065
#	Online_Resource: http://www.nature.com/nature/journal/v537/n7619/full/nature19065.html
#	Full_Citation: 
#	Abstract: African climate is generally considered to have evolved towards progressively drier conditions over the past few million years, with increased variability as glacial-interglacial change intensified worldwide. Palaeoclimate records derived mainly from northern Africa exhibit a 100,000-year (eccentricity) cycle overprinted on a pronounced 20,000-year (precession) beat, driven by orbital forcing of summer insolation, global ice volume and long-lived atmospheric greenhouse gases. Here we present a 1.3-million-year-long climate history from the Lake Malawi basin (10-14S in eastern Africa), which displays strong 100,000-year (eccentricity) cycles of temperature and rainfall following the Mid-Pleistocene Transition around 900,000 years ago. Interglacial periods were relatively warm and moist, while ice ages were cool and dry. The Malawi record shows limited evidence for precessional variability, which we attribute to the opposing effects of austral summer insolation and the temporal/spatial pattern of sea surface temperature in the Indian Ocean. The temperature history of the Malawi basin, at least for the past 500,000 years, strongly resembles past changes in atmospheric carbon dioxide and terrigenous dust flux in the tropical Pacific Ocean, but not in global ice volume. Climate in this sector of eastern Africa (unlike northern Africa) evolved from a predominantly arid environment with high-frequency variability to generally wetter conditions with more prolonged wet and dry intervals.
#------------------
# Funding_Agency 
#	Funding_Agency_Name: US National Science Foundation
#	Grant: EAR-902714
#------------------
# Site_Information 
#	Site_Name: Lake Malawi GLAD7-MAL05-1
#	Location: Africa>Eastern Africa
#	Country:  
#	Northernmost_Latitude: -11.29389
# 	Southernmost_Latitude: -11.29389
# 	Easternmost_Longitude: 34.43722
# 	Westernmost_Longitude: 34.43722 
# 	Elevation: 378 m  
#------------------
# Data_Collection   
#	Collection_Name: Malawi2016LL
#	Earliest_Year: 1278342
#	Most_Recent_Year: 10387
#	Time_Unit: Cal. Year BP
#	Core_Length: 
#	Notes: 
#------------------
# Chronology_Information
#	Chronology: 
# 
# Ages of magnetic reversals are what was known in 2015.  Error estimates on these age assignments 
# were made to accommodate the ages now accepted for the reversals in 2020.
# 
# mblf	known age	±	source
# 0.555	816	67	C14
# 1.7	1772	50	C14
# 3.705	4273	95	C14
# 5.46	7141	90	C14
# 6.705	11009	138	C14
# 7.5075	12628	79	C14
# 7.9	13329	145	C14
# 8.5075	14565	313	C14
# 9.4565	18451	222	C14
# 9.5565	18799	180	C14
# 10.545	21528	470	C14
# 11.524	23973	267	C14
# 12.458	26590	427	C14
# 14.09	30890	214	C14
# 15.806	36139	423	C14
# 28.09	75000	1000	Toba
# 167.84	590000	20000	Ar/Ar
# 222	790000	20000	Brunhes/Matuyama
# 241.63	915000	8000	Ar/Ar
# 247	932000	5000	Santa Rosa
# 271.5	987000	4000	U. Jaramillo
# 290	1010000	60000	L. Jaramillo
# 313	1120000	6000	Punaruu
# 342	1190000	31000	U. Cobb Mt.
# 347	1220000	11000	L. Cobb Mt
# 
#----------------	
# Variables 
#
# Data variables follow are preceded by "##" in columns one and two.
# Data line variables format:  one per line, shortname-tab-variable components (what, material, error, units, seasonality, data type,detail, method, C or N for Character or Numeric data, free text) 
#
## depth_m	depth, , , m, , paleolimnology, , ,N, meters below lake floor
## age_calBP	age, , , calendar years before present, , paleolimnology, , ,N, Re-scaled lake level
## LakeLevel	lake level, , , meter, , climate reconstructions, , ,N, Lyons lake level change
#
#----------------
# Data:
# Data lines follow (have no #)
# Data line format - tab-delimited text, variable short name as header
# Missing Values:  
#
depth_m	age_calBP	LakeLevel
6.505	10387.63	0
6.66	10869.19	-60
6.805	11210.74	-65
6.815	11230.92	-65
6.875	11351.97	-65
7.06	11725.19	-97
7.075	11755.45	-126
7.185	11977.37	-66
7.285	12179.12	-66
7.365	12340.51	-66
7.37	12350.60	-66
7.425	12461.56	-12
7.473	12558.40	0
7.515	12641.39	0
7.61	12811.06	0
7.765	13087.89	0
7.79	13132.54	0
7.91	13349.35	-10
8.065	13664.70	-65
8.18	13898.68	-85
8.23	14000.41	-85
8.58	14861.88	-11
8.83	15885.58	0
9.164	17253.26	0
9.634	19012.96	-9
10.114	20338.12	0
10.3	20851.62	-4
10.62	21715.31	-31
11.06	22814.18	-63
11.55	24045.85	-4
12.615	27003.66	-64
13.509	29359.18	-45
14.507	32165.54	-31
15.507	35224.40	-55
16.561	38527.48	-21
17.002	39922.60	-8
17.496	41485.39	-10
18.585	44930.49	-22
19.45	47666.96	0
20.536	51102.57	-34
22.355	56857.06	-43
23.625	60874.77	-90
24.4325	63429.33	-97
25.405	66505.88	-77
26.975	71472.65	-53
27.785	74035.12	-74
28.395	76031.21	-39
29.985	81407.01	0
30.595	83469.43	-247
31.225	85599.46	0
31.59	86833.53	0
32.381	89507.91	-29
33.657	93822.07	0
34.707	97372.13	0
35.985	101580.36	-318
36.905	104459.53	-400
37.833	107363.72	-400
38.633	109867.34	-389
39.35	112111.21	-402
40.204	114783.83	-200
40.34	115209.44	-287
41.119	117647.34	-402
41.37	118432.85	-402
42.395	121640.62	0
42.49	121937.92	-159
43.013	123574.66	0
43.38	124662.02	0
44.03	126023.04	-55
44.07	126106.80	-55
45.02	128095.99	-65
45.895	129928.14	-503
46.03	130210.81	-501
46.215	130598.18	-508
47.15	132555.96	-465
47.99	134314.82	-409
48.024	134386.01	-396
48.98	136387.77	-470
48.984	136396.14	-470
49.779	137967.39	-447
50.06	138471.31	-419
50.739	139688.95	-333
51.12	140372.20	-490
51.585	141206.08	-524
52.08	142093.76	-525
52.285	142461.39	-504
53.194	144091.49	-507
53.36	144389.18	-538
53.804	145185.40	-522
54.41	146272.13	-550
54.527	146481.95	-479
55.487	148203.51	-550
56.31	149679.39	-551
56.468	149962.73	-570
57.18	151239.56	-494
58.01	152727.99	-428
59.03	154557.15	-583
59.98	156260.78	-445
60.212	156676.82	-659
60.86	157838.88	-446
60.882	157878.33	-446
61.76	159452.84	-576
62.55	160869.54	-507
62.983	161646.04	-574
63.41	162411.78	-600
63.9765	163427.68	-589
64.28	163971.94	-525
65.0345	165324.98	-491
65.24	165693.50	-572
65.6875	166496.00	-356
66.23	167468.86	-522
67.0235	168891.84	-330
67.26	169315.96	-413
67.803	170289.72	-231
68.29	171163.05	-230
69.183	172764.46	-70
70.2495	174677.01	-7
70.49	175108.30	-101
71.43	176957.81	-145
72.37	178808.17	-18
72.6055	179271.74	0
72.8485	179750.08	-138
73.41	180855.37	-377
73.7045	181435.08	-367
74.43	182863.19	-55
76.1	186150.52	-166
76.637	187207.58	-446
76.97	188067.90	-498
77.5145	190152.99	-532
77.86	191476.03	-524
78.74	194845.88	-531
79.194	196584.41	-359
79.5	197756.20	-468
79.98	199594.30	-354
80.37	201087.75	-426
80.474	201486.01	-337
81.18	204189.54	-280
81.37	204917.12	-303
82.4	208861.37	-190
82.8255	210490.77	-281
83.27	212192.93	-295
83.9265	214706.91	-58
84.27	216022.30	0
84.9395	218586.06	-80
85.21	219621.90	-220
85.747	221678.28	-177
85.77	221766.35	-177
86.59	224906.44	0
87.37	227893.34	-108
87.375	227912.49	-108
88.057	230524.12	-92
88.9	233752.28	-163
88.934	233882.48	-169
89.67	236700.90	-105
90.44	239649.51	-144
91.14	242330.07	-289
91.91	245278.68	-277
93.19	250180.28	-268
94.01	254059.23	-393
94.8	258001.36	-366
95.07	259348.67	-360
95.95	263739.90	-307
96.94	268680.04	-338
97.92	273570.27	-156
99.05	279209.01	-203
100.23	285097.26	0
101.38	290835.80	-123
102.82	298021.45	-27
103.89	303360.79	-5
106.36	315686.18	-44
107.23	320027.51	-138
108.09	324318.95	-40
109.35	330606.39	-140
110.21	333233.03	-152
111.17	333951.41	-236
112.39	334864.37	-61
113.28	335530.37	-308
114.23	336241.28	-370
114.83	336690.27	-314
115.54	337221.58	-285
116.44	337895.07	-258
117.36	338583.53	-116
118.2	339212.12	0
118.99	339803.29	-19
119.82	340424.40	-121
120.67	341060.47	-376
121.51	341689.06	-340
122.95	342766.64	-362
123.82	343417.68	-402
124.71	344827.35	-259
125.63	352807.90	-87
126.55	360788.45	0
127.44	368508.76	0
128.33	376229.08	0
129.26	384296.37	0
130.26	392970.88	0
131.18	400941.72	-19
132.23	405185.86	0
132.41	405913.43	0
135.03	416503.59	-130
135.93	420141.44	0
136.87	423940.96	-492
137.7	427295.86	-378
138.41	430165.71	-443
139.18	433278.09	-423
140	438503.76	-459
140.79	444427.81	-458
141.39	448927.09	-360
142.31	455825.99	-297
142.77	459275.44	-315
143.6	465499.44	-339
144.37	471273.51	-88
145.68	481096.94	0
146.68	488595.74	0
147.53	494969.72	-18
148.61	503068.42	0
149.91	512816.86	0
150.54	517541.10	-31
151.24	522779.19	-61
151.87	524790.10	0
153.07	528620.40	-65
153.67	530535.54	0
154.38	532801.80	-471
155.18	535355.33	-477
155.97	537876.95	-412
156.77	540802.36	-479
157.5	544046.65	-541
158.28	547513.15	-361
159.13	551290.75	-34
161.6	562268.00	-274
162.31	565423.40	-443
163.03	568623.25	-366
163.71	571645.33	-330
164.38	574622.96	-373
165.23	578400.56	-120
165.94	581555.96	0
166.76	585200.23	-55
167.61	588977.83	-20
168.4	592067.95	-7
169.31	595428.36	-46
171.06	601890.69	0
171.77	604512.56	-23
172.6	607577.55	-189
173.44	610679.47	-150
174.22	613559.82	0
175.13	616920.24	-142
175.93	619874.45	-398
176.88	623382.57	-322
177.67	626299.85	-265
178.6	629734.12	-274
179.44	632836.04	-175
180.33	636122.60	-59
181.01	638633.68	-167
181.6	640812.41	-28
182.38	643692.76	-122
182.85	645428.36	-190
183.2	646720.83	-194
183.97	649564.25	-228
184.81	652666.17	-292
185.53	655324.96	-280
186.28	658094.53	-192
186.96	660605.61	-86
187.18	661418.02	-86
188.8	667400.30	-95
189.38	669542.10	-320
190.22	672644.02	-257
190.98	675450.52	-307
191.78	678404.73	-382
192.82	682245.20	-373
193.85	686048.74	-361
194.48	688375.18	-344
195.59	692474.15	-203
196.38	695391.43	0
197.54	699675.04	0
198.44	702998.52	-26
200.24	709645.49	-187
201.01	712488.92	-345
201.77	715295.42	-317
207.2	735347.12	-261
207.76	737415.07	-480
208.35	739593.80	-366
208.93	741735.60	-350
210.23	746536.19	-345
211.05	749564.25	-202
211.77	752223.04	-86
213.02	756839.00	-52
214.37	761824.22	0
215.17	764778.43	0
215.91	767511.08	0
216.64	770206.79	-85
220.45	784276.22	-15
221.05	786491.88	-33
221.78	789187.59	-38
222.71	794521.14	0
223.68	800697.91	-188
224.63	806747.33	0
225.41	811714.21	0
226.15	816426.39	0
227.59	825596.03	-225
228.64	832282.22	-278
229.89	840241.98	-245
230.64	845017.83	-181
231.4	849857.36	-238
232.21	855015.28	-242
233.07	860491.59	-271
233.91	865840.55	-146
234.67	870680.08	-188
235.52	876092.72	-95
236.35	881377.99	-200
237.26	887172.69	-126
238.08	892394.29	0
238.99	898189.00	-16
239.94	904238.41	-217
240.95	910669.89	-180
241.85	915696.46	-219
242.58	918007.45	-258
243.47	920824.95	-248
244.34	923579.14	0
245.01	925700.19	0
245.76	928074.49	0
246.51	930448.79	0
247.3	932673.47	0
248.36	935053.06	-29
249.88	938465.31	-72
250.63	940148.98	-183
251.12	941248.98	-313
251.78	942730.61	-225
252.41	944144.90	-171
253.43	946434.69	-160
254.62	949106.12	-130
255.33	950700.00	0
256.14	952518.37	-194
257.13	954740.82	-440
258.1	956918.37	-389
260	961183.67	-614
260.69	962732.65	-582
261.45	964438.78	-446
265.46	973440.82	-531
266.21	975124.49	-447
267.14	977212.24	-425
270.05	983744.90	0
271.01	985900.00	-89
271.91	987509.73	-273
272.73	988529.19	-168
273.46	989436.76	-96
274.29	990468.65	-8
275.24	991649.73	-282
276.02	992619.46	-500
276.81	993601.62	-475
277.52	994484.32	-500
278.24	995379.46	-246
279.03	996361.62	-389
279.74	997244.32	-322
280.5	998189.19	-108
281.28	999158.92	-127
281.92	999954.59	-60
282.2	1000302.70	-196
282.93	1001210.27	-389
283.62	1002068.11	-433
284.57	1003249.19	-689
285.36	1004231.35	-684
286.14	1005201.08	-537
286.91	1006158.38	-478
287.71	1007152.97	-426
288.45	1008072.97	-218
289.05	1008818.92	-292
289.76	1009701.62	-379
290.41	1011644.32	-431
291.12	1014491.80	-513
291.81	1017259.07	-444
292.79	1021189.40	-503
293.72	1024919.20	-191
294.69	1028809.42	-327
295.57	1032338.69	-520
296.58	1036389.33	-162
297.39	1039637.87	-70
298.16	1042725.98	-151
298.87	1045573.46	-392
299.56	1048340.74	-437
300.35	1051509.06	-273
301.04	1054276.33	-340
301.82	1057404.55	-364
302.58	1060452.56	-320
303.33	1063460.46	-229
304.19	1066909.52	-94
305.26	1071462.07	-216
306.91	1081809.31	-190
307.53	1085697.36	-15
308.19	1089836.25	-192
308.81	1093724.30	-308
309.66	1099054.69	-382
310.52	1104447.80	-399
311.42	1110091.74	-336
312.37	1116049.24	-83
312.88	1119247.47	-225
313.79	1123276.42	-221
314.78	1127382.31	-356
315.69	1131156.41	-317
316.6	1134930.51	0
317.45	1138455.77	-240
318.3	1141981.03	-349
319.28	1146045.45	-264
320.01	1149073.02	-41
320.67	1151810.28	-94
321.41	1154879.33	-315
322.43	1159109.65	-285
323.09	1161846.91	-270
323.96	1165423.84	-200
324.77	1166527.32	0
325.77	1167889.63	0
331.08	1175123.52	-406
332.81	1177480.33	-190
333.65	1178624.67	-412
334.48	1179755.39	-541
335.35	1180940.61	-516
336.32	1182262.05	-447
337.23	1183501.76	-319
338.18	1184795.96	-502
339.03	1185953.93	-243
339.95	1187207.26	-286
340.82	1188392.47	-600
341.6	1189455.07	-529
342.36	1192160.00	-575
343.21	1197260.00	-571
343.98	1201880.00	-405
344.7	1206200.00	-484
348.92	1223522.56	-402
349.63	1224825.17	-496
350.43	1226292.90	-554
351.32	1227925.75	-500
352.16	1229466.87	-426
353.05	1231099.72	-460
353.78	1232439.02	0
354.65	1234035.18	-421
355.6	1235778.11	-348
356.58	1237576.08	-173
358.22	1240584.93	-559
358.89	1241814.16	-479
359.6	1243116.77	-520
360.35	1244492.77	-581
361.32	1246272.39	-677
362.29	1248052.02	-560
363.2	1249721.56	-480
363.94	1251079.21	-467
364.66	1252400.17	-570
365.44	1253831.21	-556
366.24	1255298.94	-517
367.04	1256766.67	-608
367.86	1258271.10	-604
368.76	1259922.30	-755
369.62	1261500.11	-538
370.61	1263316.42	-438
371.45	1264857.54	-151
372.23	1266288.58	-458
373.15	1267976.47	-633
374.03	1269590.98	-492
377.06	1275150.01	-599
377.6	1276140.73	-629
378.26	1277351.61	-41
378.8	1278342.32	-41