# Lake Malawi, East Africa 1.3 Million Year TEX86 Paleotemperature
#----------------------------------------------------------------------- 
#                World Data Service for Paleoclimatology, Boulder 
#                                  and 
#                     NOAA Paleoclimatology Program 
#             National Centers for Environmental Information (NCEI)
#----------------------------------------------------------------------- 
# Template Version 3.0
# Encoding: UTF-8
# NOTE: Please cite Publication, and Online_Resource and date accessed when using these data. 
# If there is no publication information, please cite Investigators, Title, and Online_Resource and date accessed. 
#
# Online_Resource: https://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/paleo/study/21890 
#       Description: 
# Online_Resource: https://www1.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/paleolimnology/eastafrica/malawi2016temprs.txt
#       Description:
#
# Original_Source_URL:  
#       Description:
# 
# Description/Documentation lines begin with #
# Data lines have no #
#
# Archive: Paleolimnology
#
# Dataset DOI: 
#
# Parameter_Keywords: geochemistry, carbon isotopes, reconstruction 
#--------------------
# Contribution_Date
#	Date: 2017-04-02
#--------------------
# File_Last_Modified_Date
#	Date: 2020-04-03
#--------------------
# Title
#	Study_Name: Lake Malawi, East Africa 1.3 Million Year TEX86 Paleotemperature
#--------------------
# Investigators
#	Investigators: Johnson, T.C.; Werne, J.P.; Brown, E.T.; Abbott, A.; Berke, M.; Steinman, B.A.; Halbur, J.; Contreras, S.; Grosshuesch, S.; Deino, A.; Scholz, C.A.; Lyons, R.P.; Schouten, S.; Sinninghe Damste, J.S.
#--------------------
# Description_Notes_and_Keywords
#	Description: TEX86 paleotemperatures, n-alkane 13C, and Ca abundance (XRF) data from sediments collected in Lake Malawi, East Africa for the past 1.3 million years. 
#	Record consists of data from piston core M98-13P (11.2667S,34.435E) and from drill holes MAL05-1B and MAL05-1C (11.2939S, 34.4372E).
#	Provided Keywords: paleotemperature, paleo-hydroclimate, tropical climate dynamics, East Africa
#
#	Pointers for AgeScale rescaling of Crrcted Temps	
# mblf	age
# 0.56	816
# 1.70	1772
# 3.71	4273
# 5.46	7141
# 6.71	11009
# 7.51	12628
# 7.90	13329
# 8.51	14565
# 9.46	18451
# 9.56	18799
# 10.55	21528
# 11.52	23973
# 12.46	26590
# 14.09	30890
# 15.81	36139
# 28.09	75000
# 35.54	100178
# 43.32	124538
# 49.47	137410
# 70.49	175117
# 76.86	187646
# 93.37	250883
# 109.82	332939
# 124.62	344013
# 131.18	400933
# 139.45	434358
# 151.24	522771
# 156.47	539483
# 167.84	590000
# 222.00	790000
# 241.63	915000
# 247.00	932000
# 271.50	987000
# 290.00	1010000
# 305.14	1070737
# 313.00	1120000
# 323.95	1165409
# 342.00	1190000
# 347.00	1220000
# 355.04	1234752
# 
#--------------------
# Publication 
#	Authors: T.C. Johnson, J.P. Werne, E.T. Brown, A. Abbott, M. Berke, B.A. Steinman, J. Halbur, S. Contreras, S. Grosshuesch, A. Deino, C.A. Scholz, R.P. Lyons, S. Schouten, and J.S. Sinninghe Damste 
#	Published_Date_or_Year: 2016-09-08      
#	Published_Title: A progressively wetter climate in southern East Africa over the past 1.3 million years
#	Journal_Name: Nature
#	Volume: 537
#	Edition: 
#	Issue: 7619
#	Pages: 220-224
#	Report_Number: 
#	DOI: 10.1038/nature19065
#	Online_Resource: http://www.nature.com/nature/journal/v537/n7619/full/nature19065.html
#	Full_Citation: 
#	Abstract: African climate is generally considered to have evolved towards progressively drier conditions over the past few million years, with increased variability as glacial-interglacial change intensified worldwide. Palaeoclimate records derived mainly from northern Africa exhibit a 100,000-year (eccentricity) cycle overprinted on a pronounced 20,000-year (precession) beat, driven by orbital forcing of summer insolation, global ice volume and long-lived atmospheric greenhouse gases. Here we present a 1.3-million-year-long climate history from the Lake Malawi basin (10-14S in eastern Africa), which displays strong 100,000-year (eccentricity) cycles of temperature and rainfall following the Mid-Pleistocene Transition around 900,000 years ago. Interglacial periods were relatively warm and moist, while ice ages were cool and dry. The Malawi record shows limited evidence for precessional variability, which we attribute to the opposing effects of austral summer insolation and the temporal/spatial pattern of sea surface temperature in the Indian Ocean. The temperature history of the Malawi basin, at least for the past 500,000 years, strongly resembles past changes in atmospheric carbon dioxide and terrigenous dust flux in the tropical Pacific Ocean, but not in global ice volume. Climate in this sector of eastern Africa (unlike northern Africa) evolved from a predominantly arid environment with high-frequency variability to generally wetter conditions with more prolonged wet and dry intervals.
#------------------
# Funding_Agency 
#	Funding_Agency_Name: US National Science Foundation
#	Grant: EAR-902714
#------------------
# Site_Information 
#	Site_Name: Lake Malawi GLAD7-MAL05-1
#	Location: Africa>Eastern Africa
#	Country:  
#	Northernmost_Latitude: -11.29389
# 	Southernmost_Latitude: -11.29389
# 	Easternmost_Longitude: 34.43722
# 	Westernmost_Longitude: 34.43722 
# 	Elevation: 378 m  
#------------------
# Data_Collection   
#	Collection_Name: Malawi2016temprs
#	Earliest_Year: 1277346
#	Most_Recent_Year: 361
#	Time_Unit:  
#	Core_Length: 
#	Notes: AgeScale rescaling of Crrcted Temps using Pointers for pointers
#------------------
# Chronology_Information
#	Chronology: 
# 
# Ages of magnetic reversals are what was known in 2015.  Error estimates on these age assignments 
# were made to accommodate the ages now accepted for the reversals in 2020.
# 
# mblf	known age	±	source
# 0.555	816	67	C14
# 1.7	1772	50	C14
# 3.705	4273	95	C14
# 5.46	7141	90	C14
# 6.705	11009	138	C14
# 7.5075	12628	79	C14
# 7.9	13329	145	C14
# 8.5075	14565	313	C14
# 9.4565	18451	222	C14
# 9.5565	18799	180	C14
# 10.545	21528	470	C14
# 11.524	23973	267	C14
# 12.458	26590	427	C14
# 14.09	30890	214	C14
# 15.806	36139	423	C14
# 28.09	75000	1000	Toba
# 167.84	590000	20000	Ar/Ar
# 222	790000	20000	Brunhes/Matuyama
# 241.63	915000	8000	Ar/Ar
# 247	932000	5000	Santa Rosa
# 271.5	987000	4000	U. Jaramillo
# 290	1010000	60000	L. Jaramillo
# 313	1120000	6000	Punaruu
# 342	1190000	31000	U. Cobb Mt.
# 347	1220000	11000	L. Cobb Mt
# 
#----------------	
# Variables 
#
# Data variables follow are preceded by "##" in columns one and two.
# Data line variables format:  one per line, shortname-tab-variable components (what, material, error, units, seasonality, data type,detail, method, C or N for Character or Numeric data, free text) 
#
## age_calBP	age, , , calendar years before present, , , , ,N,
## temprs	temperature, , , deg C, , climate reconstruction, corrected, AgeScale rescaling of Crrcted Temps using Pointers above for pointers,N,
## tempsm	temperature, , , deg C, , climate reconstruction, corrected, ,N, 5-point smoothed
#
#----------------
# Data:
# Data lines follow (have no #)
# Data line format - tab-delimited text, variable short name as header
# Missing Values:  (Value used to flag missing data in the table below) 
#
age_calBP	temprs	tempsm
360.96	26.76	
369.31	25.11	
490.38	23.47	26.07
578.04	24.89	25.59
732.51	30.11	25.56
870.27	24.35	25.85
999.69	25.00	25.71
1137.45	24.89	24.72
1367.06	24.18	24.49
1588.31	25.17	24.64
1759.48	23.19	24.65
1984.05	25.77	25.14
2090.08	24.95	25.36
2395.69	26.60	25.96
2819.80	26.27	26.01
3169.07	26.21	26.20
3580.70	26.05	26.44
3942.44	25.88	25.78
4148.26	27.80	25.97
4330.20	22.97	26.11
4820.45	27.15	26.41
5310.71	26.76	26.11
5800.97	27.36	26.75
5988.90	26.32	26.17
6225.85	26.16	25.54
6479.15	24.24	24.89
6716.11	23.63	24.31
7234.20	24.13	23.95
7746.83	23.41	23.75
8259.46	24.35	24.44
8834.22	23.25	24.78
9191.51	27.09	25.32
9766.27	25.83	25.78
10185.69	26.10	26.41
10387.63	26.65	26.32
10869.19	26.40	26.01
11210.74	26.65	25.70
11230.92	24.23	25.09
11725.19	24.59	25.23
11755.45	23.59	25.28
11977.37	27.08	25.20
12179.12	26.91	25.63
12340.51	23.84	26.15
12350.60	26.75	24.98
12461.56	26.20	25.07
12558.40	21.22	25.71
12811.06	27.36	25.32
13087.89	27.04	25.30
13132.54	24.78	25.87
13349.35	26.10	25.27
13664.70	24.07	24.81
13898.68	24.39	24.44
14861.88	24.72	23.31
15885.58	22.92	23.12
17253.26	20.45	22.44
19012.96	23.14	21.73
20338.12	21.00	21.36
20851.62	21.14	21.57
21715.31	21.09	21.13
22814.18	21.50	21.19
24045.85	20.92	21.56
27003.66	21.33	21.92
29359.18	22.98	21.96
32165.54	22.89	22.35
35224.40	21.71	22.36
38527.48	22.85	22.12
39922.60	21.39	21.85
41485.39	21.76	21.82
44930.49	21.52	21.59
47666.96	21.60	21.66
51102.57	21.67	21.90
56857.06	21.73	21.82
60874.77	22.98	21.70
63429.33	21.13	21.86
66505.88	20.97	22.31
71472.65	22.49	22.36
74035.12	23.96	22.59
76031.21	23.23	22.37
81407.01	22.31	22.38
83469.43	19.84	22.39
85599.46	22.53	22.19
86833.53	24.02	22.33
89507.91	22.25	22.98
93822.07	23.03	23.45
97372.13	23.08	23.78
101580.36	24.85	23.84
104459.53	25.68	23.50
107363.72	22.55	23.42
109867.34	21.35	22.89
112123.73	22.65	22.86
114783.83	22.21	22.61
115203.18	25.53	22.65
117647.34	21.33	22.74
118435.98	21.55	23.12
121640.62	23.08	22.96
121934.79	24.10	23.62
123574.66	24.73	24.06
124662.02	24.62	24.27
126023.04	23.74	24.03
126100.52	24.18	23.22
128085.52	22.86	22.93
129928.14	20.72	22.67
130202.43	23.15	22.40
130598.18	22.45	21.91
132560.15	22.82	21.65
134312.73	20.41	21.03
134386.01	19.44	20.35
136394.05	20.05	19.56
136396.14	19.06	19.44
137967.39	18.86	19.54
138467.72	19.80	19.63
139688.95	19.93	19.98
140372.20	20.47	20.46
142093.76	20.81	20.67
142461.39	21.26	21.16
144091.49	20.86	20.91
144394.56	22.38	20.94
145185.40	19.24	20.84
146481.95	20.98	20.85
161646.04	20.73	20.89
169317.75	20.93	21.59
171170.22	22.58	21.84
172764.46	22.72	22.03
174677.01	22.22	22.24
175113.68	21.71	22.39
176961.75	22.00	22.22
178806.20	23.30	21.90
179271.74	21.88	21.57
179750.08	20.61	21.19
180853.40	20.05	21.26
181435.08	20.11	21.26
182859.26	23.63	20.84
186148.55	21.87	21.36
187207.58	18.54	21.68
188079.38	22.62	21.23
190152.99	21.76	21.23
191460.72	21.37	22.08
194842.05	21.87	22.12
196584.41	22.80	22.51
197763.86	22.80	22.74
199594.30	23.71	22.83
201095.41	22.50	22.77
201486.01	22.32	22.85
204189.54	22.50	23.01
204924.78	23.24	22.16
208872.86	24.47	22.46
210490.77	18.27	23.07
212192.93	23.84	23.21
214706.91	25.53	23.37
216018.47	23.96	24.68
218586.06	25.24	24.52
219625.73	24.84	23.77
221678.28	23.01	23.77
221751.03	21.80	23.50
224910.26	23.96	23.33
227885.69	23.86	23.72
227912.49	24.03	24.18
230524.12	24.95	23.62
233748.45	24.08	23.63
233882.48	21.19	23.44
236708.55	23.88	22.79
239661.00	23.10	22.32
242337.73	21.68	22.11
245274.85	21.75	21.66
250172.62	20.16	21.39
254054.24	21.61	21.42
258021.32	21.77	21.60
259333.70	21.80	22.18
263714.95	22.67	22.57
268665.07	23.03	22.44
273545.32	23.58	22.54
279204.02	21.10	22.76
285112.23	22.31	23.13
290850.77	23.77	23.31
298001.49	24.90	23.94
303335.84	24.48	24.44
315671.21	24.25	24.75
320007.55	24.78	24.40
324298.99	25.37	24.44
330596.41	23.12	24.32
333234.52	24.70	24.30
333949.17	23.64	23.36
334864.37	24.70	22.93
336242.78	20.64	22.44
336689.52	20.98	22.31
337220.83	22.25	22.13
337895.82	22.96	22.47
338579.78	23.82	22.93
339209.87	22.31	22.80
339801.04	23.30	22.76
340422.90	21.59	22.49
341061.22	22.80	22.50
341692.05	22.47	22.26
342767.39	22.34	22.42
343413.94	22.10	22.11
344827.35	22.41	22.19
352790.55	21.24	22.41
360762.43	22.86	22.34
368474.07	23.41	22.54
376185.70	21.77	22.97
384313.72	23.41	23.17
393005.58	23.41	23.28
400937.67	23.85	24.05
405202.03	23.96	24.22
405901.31	25.61	24.07
416491.47	24.28	23.64
423932.87	22.66	23.66
427307.98	21.70	23.04
430173.79	24.05	22.76
433270.00	22.52	22.69
438473.77	22.86	23.04
444405.32	22.31	22.99
448897.10	23.45	23.23
455840.99	23.82	23.27
459282.93	23.72	23.16
465461.95	23.03	23.59
471303.51	21.78	23.51
481081.94	25.61	23.43
488558.25	23.41	23.50
494932.22	23.30	24.05
503090.92	23.41	23.68
512846.85	24.51	23.83
517503.61	23.77	24.07
522772.81	24.14	24.32
524786.91	24.51	24.32
528614.01	24.67	24.12
530529.16	24.51	23.29
532798.61	22.78	22.58
535342.57	20.00	21.64
537889.71	20.94	20.67
540793.47	19.99	20.69
544051.09	19.62	21.88
547504.26	22.90	22.26
551308.52	25.95	22.86
562276.89	22.86	23.62
565436.73	22.95	23.76
568627.69	23.41	23.35
571623.10	23.63	23.54
574614.07	23.92	23.08
578382.78	23.79	23.68
581555.96	20.67	24.16
585200.23	26.37	24.27
588991.16	26.04	24.25
592060.56	24.47	24.91
595428.36	23.69	24.51
601898.08	23.96	24.19
604519.94	24.37	23.58
607577.55	24.47	23.75
610690.55	21.41	23.69
613574.59	24.51	23.13
616923.93	23.66	23.51
619863.37	21.57	23.49
623389.96	26.42	23.05
626292.47	21.27	23.12
629723.04	22.32	23.63
632824.96	24.01	23.27
636111.52	24.15	23.89
638615.21	24.61	24.10
640827.18	24.34	23.75
645413.59	23.37	23.65
646720.83	22.25	23.28
649545.79	23.69	23.09
652666.17	22.76	22.76
655332.35	23.38	23.00
658109.31	21.71	23.06
660598.23	23.44	23.40
661406.94	23.99	23.24
667407.68	24.49	23.35
669556.87	22.59	23.22
678415.81	22.22	23.11
682245.20	22.82	22.92
686048.74	23.44	23.28
688367.80	23.54	23.52
692463.07	24.39	23.42
695384.05	23.41	23.71
699675.04	22.31	24.12
702998.52	24.90	23.73
709649.19	25.59	23.24
712500.00	22.44	23.15
715310.19	20.96	22.87
735336.04	21.84	22.24
741728.21	23.51	22.85
746543.57	22.44	23.72
749575.33	25.49	24.36
756827.92	25.30	24.12
761835.30	25.06	23.99
764759.97	22.31	23.80
767525.85	21.77	22.96
770210.49	24.55	22.70
784265.14	21.13	22.66
786488.18	23.76	22.66
789187.59	22.08	22.31
794508.41	21.77	22.88
800710.65	22.83	23.03
806734.59	23.96	23.08
811726.95	24.51	23.29
816400.92	22.31	23.11
832301.32	22.84	22.71
840222.87	21.94	22.17
854996.18	21.96	22.27
860459.76	21.79	22.48
876086.35	22.85	22.18
881390.73	23.86	22.36
887159.96	20.46	22.76
892381.56	22.86	22.65
904263.88	23.75	22.19
910669.89	22.33	22.80
915686.96	21.55	23.05
918007.45	23.51	23.42
920837.62	24.12	23.86
923563.31	25.61	24.67
925700.19	24.51	25.09
928064.99	25.61	25.17
930451.96	25.61	24.59
932675.71	24.51	24.50
935041.84	22.69	23.73
938454.08	24.08	23.35
940157.96	21.77	23.16
941237.76	23.73	23.26
946441.43	23.55	22.91
949110.61	23.18	23.22
950691.02	22.31	22.74
952525.10	23.35	21.85
964443.27	21.28	22.12
977210.00	19.13	22.23
983751.63	24.51	22.26
985893.27	22.88	22.57
989430.54	23.50	22.98
990466.16	22.81	22.49
991650.97	21.17	22.02
992613.24	22.06	21.73
993597.89	20.56	21.89
994488.05	22.06	22.09
995381.95	23.58	22.19
996357.89	22.18	22.19
997239.35	22.58	22.31
998192.92	20.57	22.86
999156.43	22.65	22.33
999954.59	26.35	21.21
1000305.19	19.49	20.84
1002065.62	16.97	20.50
1003246.70	18.73	19.51
1004235.08	20.95	20.21
1032338.69	21.39	21.52
1036385.32	22.99	21.99
1039653.91	23.54	21.62
1045557.42	21.06	21.48
1048340.74	19.14	21.16
1051493.02	20.68	20.70
1054276.33	21.38	20.67
1057400.54	21.23	21.25
1060456.57	20.95	21.80
1063448.43	22.04	22.28
1066897.49	23.40	23.03
1071443.26	23.77	23.73
1081821.85	25.02	23.44
1085709.90	24.42	23.30
1089829.98	20.61	22.88
1093736.84	22.67	22.08
1099054.69	21.67	21.80
1104466.61	21.02	22.15
1110098.01	23.05	21.48
1116055.51	22.36	21.19
1119228.66	19.32	21.61
1127374.01	20.18	21.80
1131139.82	23.16	21.61
1134918.07	23.96	22.22
1138459.92	21.42	23.15
1146028.86	22.38	23.41
1149056.43	24.81	23.48
1151818.58	24.50	23.53
1154858.60	24.27	23.41
1159105.50	21.70	23.22
1161838.61	21.79	23.23
1165421.12	23.86	23.27
1166523.23	24.51	23.57
1167885.54	24.51	23.23
1175127.61	23.18	22.20
1177474.88	20.08	21.12
1178626.03	18.75	20.17
1179752.67	19.07	19.46
1180935.16	19.77	20.29
1182255.24	19.63	21.06
1183500.40	24.25	21.53
1184793.23	22.60	21.92
1185956.65	21.41	21.84
1187205.89	21.70	20.93
1188393.83	19.26	21.06
1189448.26	19.69	21.31
1206182.00	23.26	20.94
1224825.17	22.63	20.82
1227933.09	19.86	21.56
1229468.70	18.66	21.48
1231101.55	23.40	22.12
1232446.36	22.86	22.97
1234027.84	25.83	24.26
1235779.95	24.07	24.14
1237574.25	25.12	23.34
1240584.93	22.80	22.02
1241821.50	18.89	22.56
1243111.27	19.19	21.80
1261496.44	26.77	21.96
1263309.09	21.33	22.09
1264852.04	23.60	22.18
1266290.41	19.57	21.35
1267976.47	19.61	
1277346.10	22.62