# Sacred Lake, Mt. Kenya 47000 Year GDGT Temperature Reconstruction #----------------------------------------------------------------------- # World Data Center for Paleoclimatology, Boulder # and # NOAA Paleoclimatology Program #----------------------------------------------------------------------- # NOTE: Please cite original reference when using these data, # plus the Online Resource and date accessed. # # # Online_Resource: https://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/paleo/study/13676 # # Online_Resource: http://www1.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/paleolimnology/eastafrica/sacred2012.txt # # Description/Documentation lines begin with # # Data lines have no # # # Archive: Paleolimnology #-------------------- # Contribution_Date # Date: 2013-01-16 #-------------------- # Title # Study_Name: Sacred Lake, Mt. Kenya 47000 Year GDGT Temperature Reconstruction #-------------------- # Investigators # Investigators: Loomis, S.E.; Russell, J.M.; Ladd, B.; Street-Perrott, F.A.; Sinninghe Damsté, J.S. #-------------------- # Description_and_Notes # # This dataset contains depth, age, reconstructed temperatures, and bootstrap errors on the # temperature reconstruction from a core from Sacred Lake, Mt. Kenya. Temperatures were # reconstructed from branched GDGTs using the Loomis et al. (2012) stepwise forward selection # (SFS) calibration. # # Also included are Loomis et al. (2012) Supplementary tables of East African Lake Surface Environmental and GDGT data # # # Supplementary Table TA1 East African Lake Surface Environmental Data # # Lake Country Lat Long Elevation Depth MAAT SW T BW T SW pH BW pH # Albert UG 1.683 30.917 615 58.0 26.8 27.9 27.9 9.0 9.0 # Alice KN -0.076 37.465 3561 26.5 9.6 12.6 13.6 7.4 8.4 # Bandasa KN -0.157 37.449 2938 0.3 12.8 14.8 14.8 8.5 8.5 # Bigata UG 0.307 29.883 3983 17.5 4.2 8.3 5.3 5.2 6.0 # Bugwagi UG -0.200 30.183 1061 85.0 24.0 26.5 24.7 8.8 7.2 # Bujuku UG 0.378 29.893 3891 14.0 4.6 6.9 6.9 6.2 5.9 # Bukurungu East UG 0.400 29.900 3801 17.3 5.4 9.7 6.7 3.8 3.8 # Chibwera UG -0.150 30.150 975 11.7 24.6 26.9 25.4 8.5 8.3 # Ellis KN -0.124 37.401 3474 15.5 10.1 12.6 12.6 7.4 7.4 # Emerald Tarn KN -0.152 37.295 4345 4.0 5.7 7.4 7.4 6.9 6.9 # Enchanted KN -0.172 37.336 4237 33.3 6.3 8.2 8.2 7.6 7.6 # Gallery Tarn KN -0.164 37.325 4466 10.4 5.1 7.1 7.1 7.6 7.6 # Hanging Tarn KN -0.156 37.333 4443 7.5 5.2 8.6 8.6 7.9 7.9 # Harris Tarn KN -0.151 37.319 4752 7.1 3.7 5.5 5.5 7.9 7.9 # Hausburg Tarn KN -0.145 37.301 4371 10.7 5.6 7.9 7.9 8.4 8.4 # Hohnell KN -0.183 37.290 4212 8.5 6.4 7.9 7.9 7.3 7.3 # Hut Tarn KN -0.157 37.299 4504 7.9 4.9 5.7 5.7 7.6 7.6 # Ibada Pool UG 0.360 30.018 1735 4.6 18.4 15.3 14.8 7.9 8.0 # Ibamba UG -0.200 30.200 1077 1.2 23.8 25.7 21.9 6.9 6.3 # Irene UG 0.383 29.883 4487 3.5 1.6 2.6 2.6 5.8 5.8 # Kacuba UG -0.333 30.017 1097 14.5 23.5 26.8 26.8 8.1 8.1 # Kaitabarago UG 0.700 30.267 1551 70.0 19.9 23.1 21.6 8.0 6.0 # Kako UG -0.300 30.100 1499 29.0 21.2 25.0 23.4 8.2 6.7 # Kamweru UG -0.250 30.117 1250 44.0 22.5 25.0 23.3 8.7 6.6 # Kanganyika UG 0.286 29.897 3822 25.0 5.1 8.5 7.1 5.3 4.9 # Kanyabutetere UG 0.417 30.283 1188 5.0 22.8 25.6 24.4 8.6 7.8 # Kanyamansira UG 0.417 30.300 1177 30.0 22.9 25.9 23.7 9.0 7.0 # Kanyanchu UG 0.433 30.317 1226 4.8 22.5 26.2 23.7 8.2 7.9 # Karolero UG -0.333 30.033 1114 15.0 23.5 26.7 25.5 8.2 7.3 # Kasenda UG 0.433 30.283 1260 13.5 22.3 25.8 23.6 8.5 6.9 # Kasirya UG -0.250 30.133 1235 43.0 22.3 26.3 23.2 8.7 6.6 # Katanda UG 0.483 30.267 1340 146.0 21.6 24.0 22.6 8.5 7.0 # Kifuruka UG 0.483 30.283 1402 4.2 21.1 23.4 21.9 7.8 7.4 # Kikorongo UG -0.008 30.017 925 9.7 25.1 28.8 25.3 9.7 9.6 # Kisibendi UG 0.383 30.300 1126 4.5 23.3 25.0 22.7 9.3 6.2 # Kitere UG 0.400 30.250 1252 51.0 23.1 26.7 23.8 9.0 7.1 # Kyasunduka UG -0.283 30.042 1005 2.0 24.3 24.8 24.2 9.0 8.6 # Kyerbwato UG 0.433 30.317 1225 14.1 22.5 26.1 24.2 8.5 8.0 # Kyogo UG -0.333 30.017 1120 3.4 23.5 26.6 26.0 6.9 6.8 # Large Hall Tarn KN -0.143 37.346 4297 8.2 6.0 8.7 8.7 7.0 7.0 # Lewis Tarn KN -0.162 37.311 4591 16.3 4.5 4.5 4.5 7.8 7.8 # Lower Simba KN -0.145 37.319 4404 3.0 5.4 6.4 6.4 8.9 8.9 # Mahuhura UG 0.433 30.267 1254 70.0 20.5 24.6 23.3 9.0 8.0 # Mbayo UG 0.450 30.267 1234 35.0 22.5 24.5 23.1 8.6 6.9 # Mbugo UG -0.167 30.150 978 2.6 24.5 27.3 26.0 9.6 9.5 # Michaelson KN -0.146 37.352 3984 25.7 7.5 9.8 9.8 8.0 8.0 # Middle Kachope UG 0.333 29.867 3843 3.3 5.1 8.7 7.3 6.6 6.6 # Mirambi UG -0.217 30.100 1075 21.3 23.7 25.7 24.0 9.5 7.8 # Murabayo UG -0.350 30.033 1100 15.0 23.6 26.7 22.6 8.0 7.2 # Murusi UG 0.433 30.283 1217 60.0 22.5 26.1 22.5 8.5 6.6 # Mwengenyi UG 0.483 30.267 1392 140.0 21.2 23.9 22.3 8.6 6.9 # Nanyuki Tarn KN -0.155 37.297 4493 5.3 5.0 7.3 7.3 7.2 7.2 # Njarayabana UG 0.433 30.250 1184 37.0 22.9 25.5 23.4 8.8 7.8 # Nkugute UG -0.317 30.100 1421 58.0 21.1 23.8 22.0 8.0 6.5 # Nyamswiga UG 0.517 30.283 1463 39.5 20.7 23.5 20.5 7.8 7.8 # Nyamugosani UG 0.417 30.233 1234 36.7 22.5 26.8 24.5 8.8 8.5 # Nyamusingere UG -0.283 30.033 978 4.5 24.5 26.3 24.7 9.1 9.2 # Nyantonde UG 0.483 30.283 1387 180.0 21.2 23.7 21.3 8.8 6.9 # Oblong Tarn KN 0.144 37.301 4376 3.4 5.6 8.4 8.4 7.1 7.1 # Ruhandika UG 0.383 29.883 4341 3.0 2.4 3.9 3.9 6.1 6.1 # Rutundu KN -0.042 37.464 3081 10.8 12.0 14.7 14.7 7.6 7.6 # Small Hall Tarn KN -0.144 37.345 4292 2.8 6.0 9.3 9.3 7.3 7.3 # Square Tarn KN -0.154 37.323 4661 3.0 4.1 5.9 5.9 7.7 7.7 # Teleki Tarn KN -0.169 37.306 4293 7.9 6.0 8.2 8.2 8.4 8.4 # Thompson KN -0.168 37.320 4323 4.8 5.8 4.9 4.9 7.6 7.6 # Upper Kitandara UG 0.353 29.887 4018 14.5 4.9 5.8 4.9 7.3 6.9 # Upper Simba Tarn KN -0.149 37.322 4596 5.1 4.5 7.1 7.1 7.8 7.8 # Veggi Tarn KN -0.144 37.344 4296 1.5 6.0 9.7 9.7 7.2 7.2 # Wandakara UG 0.417 30.267 1166 12.0 23.1 25.0 23.2 8.8 7.9 # Wankenzi UG 0.425 30.267 1158 90.0 23.1 24.8 23.0 8.8 6.5 # # # # # Supplementary Table TA3 East African Lake Surface GDGTs # # Lake III IIIb IIIc II IIb IIc I Ib Ic MBT CBT MBT/CBT MAAT MbrGDGTs MAAT SFS MAAT # Albert 0.085 0.002 0.000 0.464 0.047 0.004 0.332 0.054 0.012 0.40 0.90 16.0b 15.8b 17.0b # Alice 0.197 0.005 0.000 0.530 0.057 0.007 0.180 0.018 0.005 0.20 0.98 6.8 8.0 7.9 # Bandasa 0.086 0.002 0.001 0.451 0.033 0.007 0.362 0.047 0.013 0.42 1.01 16.5 16.2 15.2 # Batoda *a 0.339 0.002 0.001 0.449 0.014 0.003 0.186 0.006 0.001 0.19 1.50 3.7 3.8 4.9 # Bigata 0.310 0.002 0.001 0.451 0.012 0.006 0.214 0.004 0.001 0.22 1.62 4.3 5.1 4.5 # Bugwagi 0.031 0.005 0.001 0.310 0.127 0.012 0.343 0.150 0.021 0.51 0.37 23.9 24.0 25.7 # Bujuku 0.411 0.004 0.001 0.383 0.029 0.006 0.150 0.013 0.003 0.17 1.10 4.5 2.6 2.8 # Bukurungu East 0.258 0.002 0.001 0.464 0.017 0.008 0.243 0.005 0.003 0.25 1.51 6.3 7.3 5.2 # Challa *a 0.094 0.006 0.000 0.399 0.092 0.006 0.302 0.088 0.012 0.40 0.59 17.8 17.7 19.6 # Chibwera 0.054 0.004 0.001 0.293 0.105 0.011 0.386 0.121 0.026 0.53 0.48 24.3 23.4 23.2 # Edward *a 0.121 0.006 0.000 0.371 0.117 0.020 0.249 0.096 0.020 0.37 0.46 16.8 17.4 14.1b # Ekikoto *a 0.097 0.009 0.002 0.363 0.108 0.011 0.311 0.083 0.017 0.41 0.55 18.4 18.9 17.5 # Eldoret Nakuru 1a *a 0.092 0.000 0.000 0.489 0.006 0.000 0.409 0.005 0.000 0.41 1.95 11.5 14.5 13.8 # Eldoret Nakuru 2 *a 0.085 0.000 0.000 0.349 0.033 0.004 0.478 0.043 0.007 0.53 1.04 21.3 19.8 17.5 # Eldoret Nakuru 3 *a 0.130 0.003 0.000 0.514 0.032 0.002 0.288 0.028 0.004 0.32 1.12 11.4 11.9 13.6 # Eldoret Nakuru 5 *a 0.150 0.003 0.000 0.505 0.024 0.001 0.287 0.027 0.001 0.32 1.18 10.9 11.1 13.2 # Eldoret Nakuru 6 *a 0.123 0.001 0.000 0.530 0.008 0.000 0.325 0.012 0.001 0.34 1.64 9.6 11.6 12.7 # Eldoret Sigawet Dam *a 0.115 0.006 0.001 0.419 0.107 0.005 0.280 0.059 0.008 0.35 0.62 15.1 16.0 16.7 # Ellis 0.143 0.011 0.001 0.340 0.152 0.019 0.233 0.082 0.022 0.34 0.39 15.8 17.4 12.9 # Emerald Tarn 0.260 0.009 0.001 0.393 0.121 0.015 0.145 0.042 0.013 0.20 0.52 9.0 9.8 6.4 # Enchanted 0.324 0.010 0.000 0.379 0.105 0.012 0.130 0.030 0.011 0.17 0.58 7.4 7.1 4.7 # Gallery Tarn 0.231 0.003 0.000 0.494 0.063 0.013 0.161 0.032 0.004 0.20 0.84 7.2 7.6 5.9 # George *a 0.045 0.007 0.001 0.295 0.116 0.004 0.406 0.116 0.010 0.53 0.48 24.2 23.8 25.7 # Hanging Tarn 0.304 0.008 0.001 0.386 0.084 0.016 0.167 0.027 0.008 0.20 0.70 8.1 7.8 3.3 # Harris Tarn 0.296 0.002 0.000 0.540 0.008 0.000 0.149 0.004 0.001 0.15 1.76 0.6 2.7 6.1 # Hausburg Tarn 0.259 0.007 0.000 0.411 0.105 0.010 0.154 0.034 0.021 0.21 0.61 8.9 9.2 7.6 # Hohnell 0.215 0.018 0.002 0.315 0.214 0.019 0.132 0.065 0.020 0.22 0.20 11.3 14.8 9.1 # Hut Tarn 0.255 0.005 0.001 0.454 0.067 0.013 0.181 0.018 0.006 0.20 0.87 7.4 7.8 4.3 # Ibada Pool 0.108 0.003 0.001 0.429 0.027 0.004 0.384 0.034 0.009 0.43 1.12 16.3 15.9 14.7 # Ibamba 0.023 0.001 0.000 0.291 0.023 0.003 0.585 0.061 0.014 0.66 1.02 27.3 24.8 22.5 # Irene 0.587 0.003 0.000 0.302 0.009 0.000 0.097 0.003 0.000 0.10 1.53 -0.6 -3.3 -0.6 # Kacuba 0.047 0.003 0.000 0.337 0.097 0.011 0.375 0.102 0.028 0.50 0.55 22.6 22.2 21.1 # Kaitabarago 0.099 0.009 0.003 0.376 0.124 0.011 0.283 0.082 0.014 0.38 0.50 17.2 18.3 17.2 # Kako 0.036 0.003 0.000 0.342 0.087 0.006 0.407 0.102 0.017 0.53 0.60 23.4 22.6 23.4 # Kamsongi's Pool *a 0.411 0.001 0.000 0.398 0.011 0.001 0.172 0.005 0.000 0.18 1.54 2.8 2.0 3.8 # Kamweru 0.044 0.002 0.000 0.369 0.054 0.002 0.446 0.076 0.007 0.53 0.80 22.5 21.2 22.2 # Kanganyika 0.261 0.002 0.001 0.451 0.016 0.006 0.253 0.008 0.002 0.26 1.46 7.1 7.6 6.4 # Kanyabutetere 0.044 0.004 0.001 0.354 0.078 0.004 0.390 0.103 0.022 0.51 0.61 22.8 21.8 23.9 # Kanyamansira 0.037 0.003 0.000 0.338 0.095 0.005 0.392 0.119 0.012 0.52 0.53 23.5 22.6 25.4 # Kanyamukali *a 0.067 0.006 0.000 0.354 0.102 0.007 0.354 0.099 0.012 0.47 0.55 20.9 20.7 21.8 # Kanyanchu 0.072 0.007 0.002 0.370 0.109 0.006 0.337 0.081 0.016 0.43 0.57 19.3 19.8 20.2 # Karolero 0.042 0.003 0.002 0.335 0.089 0.010 0.390 0.102 0.027 0.52 0.58 23.1 22.5 21.5 # Kasenda 0.055 0.006 0.001 0.334 0.109 0.006 0.362 0.111 0.016 0.49 0.50 22.2 21.9 23.8 # Kasirya 0.041 0.004 0.001 0.339 0.087 0.007 0.404 0.104 0.014 0.52 0.59 23.2 22.4 23.3 # Katalin *a 0.091 0.003 0.001 0.398 0.042 0.001 0.424 0.038 0.002 0.46 1.01 18.5 17.8 17.3 # Katanda 0.050 0.007 0.002 0.315 0.167 0.017 0.294 0.128 0.021 0.44 0.31 21.0 22.9 21.0 # Katunda *a 0.332 0.003 0.001 0.412 0.022 0.005 0.211 0.011 0.004 0.23 1.27 6.4 5.4 5.2 # Kibengo *a 0.040 0.006 0.001 0.294 0.111 0.005 0.414 0.122 0.009 0.54 0.48 24.8 24.1 26.3 # Kifuruka 0.073 0.007 0.001 0.381 0.113 0.005 0.327 0.081 0.013 0.42 0.56 18.8 19.4 20.4 # Kikorongo 0.025 0.011 0.000 0.275 0.041 0.003 0.570 0.065 0.011 0.65 0.90 27.2 25.4 22.7 # Kisibendi 0.044 0.002 0.000 0.439 0.043 0.002 0.418 0.047 0.005 0.47 0.98 18.9 18.7 18.9 # Kitere 0.045 0.005 0.001 0.346 0.126 0.005 0.358 0.108 0.008 0.47 0.48 21.6 22.0 24.2 # Kopello *a 0.364 0.001 0.001 0.433 0.009 0.004 0.184 0.003 0.002 0.19 1.72 2.4 3.1 3.4 # Kyanga *a 0.077 0.007 0.002 0.379 0.133 0.007 0.304 0.084 0.007 0.40 0.50 17.9 19.3 19.8 # Kyaninga *a 0.075 0.007 0.001 0.338 0.130 0.012 0.304 0.115 0.018 0.44 0.42 20.2 20.9 20.6 # Kyasunduka 0.044 0.005 0.002 0.309 0.126 0.005 0.375 0.125 0.009 0.51 0.44 23.4 23.4 25.9 # Kyerbwato 0.043 0.005 0.001 0.318 0.101 0.011 0.388 0.112 0.020 0.52 0.52 23.5 23.1 22.5 # Kyoga *a 0.031 0.005 0.001 0.248 0.076 0.007 0.496 0.117 0.019 0.63 0.59 28.2 26.0 25.8 # Kyogo 0.016 0.001 0.000 0.294 0.060 0.005 0.520 0.092 0.012 0.62 0.73 27.1 25.1 24.4 # Large Hall Tarn 0.217 0.001 0.000 0.449 0.036 0.009 0.252 0.027 0.007 0.29 1.05 10.3 9.8 8.1 # Lewis Tarn 0.339 0.009 0.000 0.442 0.012 0.000 0.190 0.008 0.000 0.20 1.50 4.0 4.0 6.4 # Limuru 2 *a 0.075 0.001 0.000 0.459 0.002 0.000 0.459 0.004 0.000 0.46 2.18 12.5 16.4 14.6 # Lower Kachope *a 0.340 0.003 0.001 0.393 0.042 0.005 0.180 0.029 0.007 0.22 0.90 7.8 5.8 6.7 # Lower Kitandara *a 0.420 0.004 0.001 0.353 0.037 0.005 0.155 0.020 0.004 0.18 0.95 5.9 3.1 3.8 # Lower Simba 0.219 0.010 0.000 0.434 0.126 0.009 0.178 0.020 0.005 0.20 0.62 8.6 10.3 7.8 # Lugembe *a 0.061 0.005 0.000 0.328 0.103 0.008 0.370 0.104 0.021 0.50 0.53 22.3 21.8 22.3 # Mahoma *a 0.184 0.002 0.000 0.441 0.010 0.003 0.350 0.008 0.003 0.36 1.65 10.6 11.7 10.3 # Mahuhura 0.215 0.002 0.000 0.423 0.079 0.002 0.172 0.100 0.006 0.28 0.52 12.5 10.9b 17.8 # Marsh Pool II *a 0.362 0.001 0.000 0.401 0.009 0.001 0.219 0.007 0.001 0.23 1.61 4.7 4.3 5.6 # Mbayo 0.056 0.008 0.002 0.328 0.150 0.013 0.303 0.119 0.022 0.44 0.37 20.8 22.1 21.4 # Mbugo 0.050 0.006 0.001 0.386 0.098 0.005 0.364 0.083 0.008 0.45 0.62 20.0 20.4 21.1 # Michaelson 0.330 0.008 0.000 0.410 0.061 0.007 0.154 0.024 0.006 0.18 0.82 6.7 5.6 5.5 # Middle Kachope 0.409 0.003 0.000 0.374 0.026 0.004 0.161 0.018 0.004 0.18 1.08 5.4 3.0 4.2 # Mirambi 0.027 0.003 0.002 0.316 0.109 0.005 0.382 0.144 0.012 0.54 0.44 24.7 24.0 28.1 # Murabayo 0.037 0.004 0.001 0.305 0.088 0.006 0.436 0.102 0.021 0.56 0.59 24.9 23.8 23.7 # Murusi 0.032 0.004 0.001 0.323 0.099 0.007 0.401 0.117 0.016 0.53 0.52 24.1 23.4 24.8 # Mutinda *a 0.187 0.001 0.001 0.460 0.013 0.006 0.319 0.010 0.004 0.33 1.52 9.9 10.9 9.0 # Mwengenyi 0.055 0.005 0.001 0.361 0.119 0.013 0.307 0.111 0.027 0.45 0.46 20.4 21.0 20.3 # Nanyuki Tarn 0.204 0.012 0.002 0.370 0.154 0.028 0.146 0.055 0.029 0.23 0.39 11.0 13.4 4.1 # Narasha (EL NA 4) *a 0.141 0.003 0.000 0.425 0.026 0.001 0.391 0.013 0.001 0.40 1.33 14.2 14.4 13.2 # Njarayabana 0.052 0.004 0.001 0.402 0.107 0.004 0.316 0.103 0.009 0.43 0.53 19.3 19.7 22.9 # Nkugute 0.036 0.003 0.000 0.359 0.079 0.004 0.428 0.083 0.009 0.52 0.69 22.6 21.9 22.6 # Nkuruba *a 0.065 0.008 0.001 0.375 0.105 0.007 0.341 0.083 0.015 0.44 0.58 19.5 20.0 19.9 # Nsuranja *a 0.234 0.001 0.001 0.463 0.015 0.007 0.269 0.005 0.004 0.28 1.56 7.3 8.5 6.3 # Ntambi *a 0.055 0.012 0.000 0.301 0.068 0.007 0.463 0.074 0.020 0.56 0.73 24.1 23.0 20.3 # Nyabikere *a 0.057 0.006 0.001 0.322 0.091 0.005 0.386 0.118 0.013 0.52 0.53 23.3 22.2 24.6 # Nyamiteza *a 0.091 0.013 0.001 0.296 0.193 0.011 0.267 0.112 0.015 0.39 0.27 19.1 21.6 20.9 # Nyamswiga 0.057 0.005 0.001 0.371 0.100 0.007 0.342 0.098 0.018 0.46 0.56 20.5 20.5 21.6 # Nyamugosani 0.054 0.005 0.001 0.361 0.123 0.006 0.316 0.116 0.017 0.45 0.45 20.6 21.1 23.6 # Nyamusingere 0.046 0.007 0.002 0.312 0.138 0.008 0.347 0.129 0.012 0.49 0.39 22.7 23.2 25.1 # Nyantonde 0.060 0.005 0.001 0.371 0.120 0.008 0.327 0.096 0.012 0.43 0.51 19.6 20.4 20.8 # Nyungu *a 0.053 0.005 0.000 0.315 0.100 0.003 0.346 0.169 0.009 0.52 0.39 24.3 22.7 30.3b # Oblong Tarn 0.297 0.007 0.000 0.427 0.078 0.009 0.152 0.021 0.008 0.18 0.77 6.9 6.7 5.3 # Ol Bolosat *a 0.201 0.005 0.001 0.473 0.076 0.003 0.198 0.039 0.005 0.24 0.77 9.6 9.9 11.8 # Ruhandika 0.432 0.003 0.000 0.400 0.012 0.000 0.149 0.005 0.000 0.15 1.51 1.9 0.9 3.6 # Rutundu 0.111 0.009 0.002 0.343 0.130 0.028 0.252 0.088 0.038 0.38 0.44 17.4 18.9 10.3 # Sacred *a 0.047 0.003 0.000 0.320 0.008 0.001 0.611 0.009 0.002 0.62 1.75 21.9 22.6 17.5 # Saka *a 0.110 0.010 0.001 0.346 0.096 0.006 0.331 0.083 0.018 0.43 0.58 19.2 18.8 19.4 # Small Hall Tarn 0.270 0.002 0.000 0.450 0.032 0.005 0.220 0.017 0.004 0.24 1.13 7.8 7.2 7.2 # Speke *a 0.414 0.002 0.001 0.404 0.013 0.002 0.156 0.008 0.001 0.16 1.42 2.9 1.7 3.4 # Square Tarn 0.206 0.002 0.000 0.570 0.010 0.002 0.205 0.004 0.001 0.21 1.75 3.3 6.1 8.2 # Tanganyika 0.100 0.006 0.001 0.355 0.088 0.019 0.313 0.084 0.034 0.43 0.59 19.1 19.0 14.3b # Teleki Tarn 0.150 0.021 0.002 0.308 0.243 0.022 0.177 0.061 0.016 0.25 0.20 13.0 18.3b 9.7 # Thompson 0.342 0.008 0.000 0.378 0.071 0.007 0.163 0.023 0.007 0.19 0.76 7.5 6.2 5.3 # Upper Kachope *a 0.369 0.002 0.001 0.420 0.017 0.004 0.178 0.009 0.001 0.19 1.36 4.2 3.3 4.3 # Upper Kitandara 0.478 0.004 0.001 0.351 0.028 0.002 0.120 0.014 0.002 0.14 1.05 3.4 0.4 2.7 # Upper Simba 0.196 0.004 0.001 0.504 0.052 0.008 0.216 0.015 0.003 0.23 1.03 8.0 9.0 7.5 # Veggi Tarn 0.408 0.004 0.000 0.402 0.029 0.003 0.135 0.015 0.003 0.15 1.08 4.0 2.0 3.9 # Victoria *a 0.066 0.004 0.000 0.359 0.083 0.006 0.354 0.107 0.023 0.48 0.57 21.5 20.5 22.6 # Wandakara 0.062 0.006 0.003 0.353 0.118 0.006 0.361 0.083 0.009 0.45 0.55 20.3 20.9 20.9 # Wankenzi 0.059 0.006 0.004 0.350 0.125 0.006 0.362 0.082 0.008 0.45 0.54 20.3 21.2 21.0 # # *a Fractional abundance data from Tierney et al. (2010) # b Outliers not included in calibration calculation # # #-------------------- # Publication # Authors: Shannon E. Loomis, James M. Russell, Bethany Ladd, F. Alayne Street-Perrott, Jaap S. Sinninghe Damsté # Published_Date_or_YEAR: 2012-12-01 # Published_Title: Calibration and application of the branched GDGT temperature proxy on East African lake sediments # Journal_Name: Earth and Planetary Science Letters # Volume: 357-358 # Issue: # Pages: 277-288 # DOI: 10.1016/j.epsl.2012.09.031 # Abstract: Branched glycerol dialkyl glycerol tetraethers (brGDGTs) are a novel proxy for mean annual air temperature (MAAT) and have the potential to be broadly applicable to climate reconstruction using lacustrine sediments. Several calibrations have been put forth relating brGDGT distributions to MAAT using a variety of linear regressions, including the methylation (MBT) and cyclization (CBT) indices of brGDGTs, the relative abundances of the major, non-cyclized brGDGTs (MbrGDGTs), and best subsets regression (BSR) of the fractional abundances of the nine most common brGDGTs. However, these calibrations have rarely been applied to lake sediment cores to reconstruct temperatures and test the applicability of this proxy as a paleothermometer. # We present an expanded East African lakes surface sediment brGDGT dataset based upon 111 lakes and examine three methods of calibrating brGDGTs to MAAT. These methods include recalculations of the East African lake MBT/CBT calibration and MbrGDGTs calibrations, as well as a new stepwise forward selection (SFS) calibration that uses the four combined brGDGTs that explain the most variance in temperature in our calibration set. We apply these new calibrations as well as five previously published lacustrine brGDGT calibrations to the brGDGT distributions of our surface sediment dataset and a 48 kyr sediment core from Sacred Lake, Mt. Kenya, producing the first brGDGT temperature reconstruction available from a small tropical lake. We compare the reconstructed temperatures to previously published paleotemperature records from East Africa to help us assess the performance of the brGDGT calibrations. We find that the SFS calibration has a consistently low root mean squared error of prediction (RMSEP) over the entire range of MAAT, while the MBT/CBT and MbrGDGT calibrations have relatively large RMSEPs, particularly between lakes with similar temperatures but variable pH. This suggests that these techniques do not properly deconvolve the temperature and pH signals recorded in the distributions of the brGDGTs. We further find that only the SFS calibration produces a credible reconstructed temperature history from Sacred Lake when compared to other last glacial maximum paleotemperature estimates from East Africa. Thus, we advocate for the use of the SFS calibration when reconstructing paleotemperatures from brGDGTs in East Africa. # #--------------------- # Funding_Agency # Funding_Agency_Name: American Chemical Society (ACS) Petroleum Research Fund # Grant: 49235-DNI2 #--------------------- # Funding_Agency_Name: European Research Council # Grant: (FP7/2007-2013)/ERC 226600 #-------------------- # Site_Information # Site_Name: Sacred Lake # Location: Africa>Eastern Africa>Kenya # Country: Kenya # Northernmost_Latitude: 0.0833 # Southernmost_Latitude: 0.0833 # Easternmost_Longitude: 37.5333 # Westernmost_Longitude: 37.5333 # Elevation: 2350 m #------------------ # Data_Collection # Core_Name: Sacred2012 # First_Year: 47730 # Last_Year: 63 # Time_Unit: Cal Year BP # Core_Length: 14.43 m # Notes: #------------------ # Chronology Supplementary Table TA2 # # Depth(cm) 14Cage 14Cerror CalendarAge CalendarError EstimatedAge EstimatedError # 0 -- -- -39 -- -38 64 # 25 230 30 161 11 157 152 # 74 420 25 496 15 471 163 # 79 410 25 490 17 499 163 # 122 760 25 685 14 692 193 # 155 945 30 846 23 912 221 # 196 1510 25 1384 25 1282 256 # 242 1760 45 1667 62 1577 328 # 294 2160 25 2139 20 2235 258 # 366 3770 45 4134 50 4994 307 # 382 6100 35 6956 51 5807 305 # 449 7100 40 7947 20 8022 246 # 474 7890 40 8666 63 8717 297 # 538 9440 50 10687 43 10624 311 # 563* 9690 65 11143 64 11367 296 # 590* 10325 75 12128 95 12125 319 # 602* 10740 80 12637 61 12423 333 # 663* 11630 65 13480 98 13370 485 # 741* 11840 70 13699 100 13968 498 # 795* 12605 50 14938 149 14848 473 # 812* 12680 95 14986 211 15212 489 # 836* 13070 50 15823 347 15769 563 # 861* 13495 50 16690 113 16362 467 # 914* 14690 70 17857 138 17640 489 # 957* 15695 75 18813 95 19136 495 # 1041* 20265 80 24183 166 24969 656 # 1128* 30510 225 34945 183 33966 740 # 1244* 37415 405 42141 304 41887 943 # 1339* 40465 520 44358 429 44961 1310 # # *14C ages from Olago et al. (2001) # #------------------ # Variables # # End Description/Documentation (lines begin with #) # Data lines follow (have no #) # Data line variables format: Variables list, one per line, shortname-tab-longname-tab-longname components (9 components: material, error, units, anomaly, period, archive, detail, method, C or N for Character or Numeric data) # Data line format: tab-delimited text, variable short name as header ## depth_cm Depth (cm) corrected, , , cm, , , , ,N ## age_calBP Age (calendar years BP), , ,cal BP, , , , ,N ## temp Temperature (C), , , C, , , , , N ## temp_err Temperature error bootstrap (C), , , C, , , , , N #-------------------------- # Data: # Missing Value: NA depth_cm age_calBP temp temp_err 12.5 63 19.5 1.2 18.5 110 18.8 1.1 30.5 202 18.5 1.1 48.5 326 18.3 1.1 52.1 349 19.5 1.2 66.4 433 18.4 1.1 105 611 18.6 1.2 122.1 692 18.9 1.2 139.3 793 18.1 1.1 155.1 912 19.1 1.2 175.6 1100 18.4 1.1 202.8 1332 19.3 1.2 236.9 1544 18.7 1.1 246 1605 19.6 1.3 254.5 1670 19.8 1.3 266.2 1785 18.7 1.2 296.1 2296 19.3 1.2 320.8 3044 18.8 1.1 332.5 3491 19.4 1.2 346.8 4104 19.9 1.2 354.1 4440 19.6 1.2 371.5 5295 19.6 1.2 378.5 5641 19.8 1.0 387.8 6065 19.9 1.1 395.9 6394 19.6 1.0 402.9 6653 19.7 1.0 413.4 7003 21.1 1.4 423.8 7317 20.1 1.1 436.6 7675 20.1 1.1 449.4 8022 19.9 1.0 456.5 8218 18.6 0.9 463.5 8414 18.5 0.9 470.6 8616 19.7 1.0 481.2 8925 19.7 1.1 488.2 9133 19.4 1.1 495.3 9346 19.3 1.0 502.4 9561 19.4 1.0 509.4 9773 19.5 0.9 520 10095 19.4 0.9 532.9 10484 19.1 0.9 541.2 10731 19.4 0.9 547.1 10904 19.2 0.8 557.8 11216 19.9 0.7 572.3 11636 18.6 0.8 574.7 11705 18.7 0.9 579.5 11840 18.6 0.9 586.7 12038 18.8 0.9 594 12229 19.1 0.6 610.8 12616 19.8 0.5 618.1 12760 20.1 0.6 625.3 12889 20.0 0.6 641 13125 18.4 0.5 670.5 13434 18.4 0.6 675.9 13475 17.9 0.6 697.6 13618 17.1 0.6 719.3 13765 16.9 0.7 733.7 13890 17.7 0.6 757.6 14186 17.4 0.5 779.7 14558 16.6 0.4 806.4 15100 17.0 0.4 822.7 15468 17.8 0.4 839 15852 16.8 0.3 852.8 16181 17.4 0.3 879.8 16807 16.1 0.3 904.5 17403 16.4 0.3 919.1 17795 15.3 0.4 939.3 18434 15.5 0.3 948.3 18771 14.0 0.3 964.8 19502 15.2 0.3 984.6 20592 15.0 0.3 994.5 21224 14.3 0.3 1004.4 21914 16.1 0.4 1011 22407 13.7 0.3 1020.9 23194 12.4 0.3 1030.8 24038 12.7 0.4 1047.3 25574 17.2 0.5 1060.2 26871 14.2 0.7 1069.9 27885 12.8 0.4 1082.8 29263 13.7 0.4 1095.7 30648 14.8 0.3 1118.3 33009 13.8 0.3 1177 38061 16.5 0.5 1190.8 39004 12.4 0.4 1221.8 40822 16.6 0.5 1249.4 42118 14.5 0.3 1256.8 42419 16.8 0.5 1288.9 43547 16.3 0.4 1318.5 44409 16.1 0.4 1348.1 45203 17.0 0.5 1361.3 45554 16.4 0.6 1392.1 46374 16.8 0.4 1421.7 47163 15.5 0.4 1443 47730 15.2 0.4