# Lake Tanganyika 60,000 Year TEX86 LST and dD Data #----------------------------------------------------------------------- # World Data Service for Paleoclimatology, Boulder # and # NOAA Paleoclimatology Program # National Centers for Environmental Information (NCEI) #----------------------------------------------------------------------- # Template Version 4.0 # Encoding: UTF-8 # NOTE: Please cite original publication, NOAA Landing Page URL, dataset and publication DOIs (where available), and date accessed when using downloaded data. If there is no publication information, please cite investigator, study title, NOAA Landing Page URL, and date accessed. # # Description/Documentation lines begin with # # Data lines have no # # # NOAA_Landing_Page: https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/access/paleo-search/study/6206 # Landing_Page_Description: NOAA Landing Page of this file's parent study, which includes all study metadata. # # Study_Level_JSON_Metadata: https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/pub/data/metadata/published/paleo/json/noaa-lake-6206.json # Study_Level_JSON_Description: JSON metadata of this data file's parent study, which includes all study metadata. # # Data_Type: Paleolimnology # # Dataset_DOI: 10.25921/bcy2-qh52 # # Science_Keywords: PAGES 2k Network, PAGES Africa 2k, Air Temperature Reconstruction #-------------------- # Resource_Links # # Data_Download_Resource: https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/paleolimnology/eastafrica/tanganyika2008-kh4tex-noaa.txt # Data_Download_Description: NOAA Template File; TEX Data and Temperature Reconstruction # #-------------------- # Contribution_Date # Date: 2008-12-01 #-------------------- # File_Last_Modified_Date # Date: 2024-09-09 #-------------------- # Title # Study_Name: Lake Tanganyika 60,000 Year TEX86 LST and dD Data #-------------------- # Investigators # Investigators: Tierney, J.E.(https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9080-9289); Russell, J.M.(https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1329-4613); Huang, Y.(https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9287-4543); Sinninghe Damsté, J.S.(https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8683-1854); Hopmans, E.C.(https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8209-1334); Cohen, A.S.(https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9995-9489) #-------------------- # Description_Notes_and_Keywords # Description: This dataset includes TEX86 and compound-specific D/H data from Lake Tanganyika cores KH3 and KH4. The TEX86 temperature data are provided with both the original Powers et al. 2005 calibration and the new Tierney et al. (2010) calibration. Chronology was constrained by 26 radiocarbon dates on KH3 and 7 additional dates on KH4. The TEX86 data files include the TEX86 index value, calibration to temperature utilizing the lakes calibrations of Powers et al., 2005, and Tierney et al. 2010, and the Branched and Isoprenoid Tetraether (BIT) index value. The BIT index, ranging from 0-1, is an indicator of the relative amount of soil-derived vs. aquatic GDGTs, with a value of 0 indicative of completely aquatic sources, and 1 indicating completely soil-derived sources (Hopmans et al. 2004).The data for KH4 also includes the modified TEX temperatures (T +0.5º) to account for site offset. D/H values were measured on the C28 n-acid and are expressed in per mil vs. VSMOW. The carbon isotopes were also measured on the C-28 fatty acid expressed in per mil vs. VPDB. Two corrections have been applied to the dD data. "dDIVonly" refers to the D/H data corrected for global ice volume, and "dDIVandbio" refers to the D/H data corrected for biosynthetic fractionation and global ice volume. These corrections are described in the Tierney et al. QSR 2010 paper. # # Data from cores NP04-KH04-3A-1K (KH3) and NP04-KH04-4A-1K (KH4), Kalya Horst, Lake Tanganyika. Core (KH3): 6º42.827'S, 29º49.957'E, 773m elev, 644m depth. Core (KH4): 6º36.101'S, 30º00.696'E, 773m elev, 349m depth. # # LAST UPDATE: 5/2010. Addition of improved Tierney et al. 2010 TEX86 temperature calibration, plus d13C data and corrected dD series. #-------------------- # Publication # Authors: Tierney, J.E., J.M. Russell, Y. Huang, J.S. Sinninghe Damsté, E.C. Hopmans, and A.S. Cohen # Published_Date_or_Year: 2008-10-10 # Published_Title: Northern Hemisphere Controls on Tropical Southeast African Climate During the Past 60,000 Years # Journal_Name: Science # Volume: 322 # Edition: # Issue: 5899 # Pages: 252-255 # Report_Number: # DOI: 10.1126/science.1160485 # Online_Resource: # Full_Citation: # Abstract: The processes that control climate in the tropics are poorly understood. We applied compound-specific hydrogen isotopes (dD) and the TEX86 (tetraether index of 86 carbon atoms) temperature proxy to sediment cores from Lake Tanganyika to independently reconstruct precipitation and temperature variations during the past 60,000 years. Tanganyika temperatures follow Northern Hemisphere insolation and indicate that warming in tropical southeast Africa during the last glacial termination began to increase ~3000 years before atmospheric carbon dioxide concentrations. dD data show that this region experienced abrupt changes in hydrology coeval with orbital and millennial-scale events recorded in Northern Hemisphere monsoonal climate records. This implies that precipitation in tropical southeast Africa is more strongly controlled by changes in Indian Ocean sea surface temperatures and the winter Indian monsoon than by migration of the Intertropical Convergence Zone. #-------------------- # Publication # Authors: Tierney, J.E., J.M. Russell, and Y. Huang # Published_Date_or_Year: 2010-03-01 # Published_Title: A molecular perspective on Late Quaternary climate and vegetation change in the Lake Tanganyika basin, East Africa # Journal_Name: Quaternary Science Reviews # Volume: 29 # Edition: # Issue: 5-6 # Pages: 787-800 # Report_Number: # DOI: 10.1016/j.quascirev.2009.11.030 # Online_Resource: # Full_Citation: # Abstract: Characterizing the nature of past hydrological change and its interactions with vegetation is fundamental to acquiring a better understanding of continental tropical climate dynamics. Here, we outline major shifts in the climate and ecosystem of tropical East Africa for the past 60,000 years (60 ka) by examining molecular records of hydrology, vegetation, and temperature from a sediment sequence from Lake Tanganyika. We demonstrate, via comparison with pollen spectra, that stable carbon isotopes measured on higher plant leaf waxes (δ13Cwax) are a reliable proxy for vegetation change. In addition we argue that the D/H ratio of higher plant leaf waxes (δDwax) is a robust and independent indicator of past changes in aridity, and is not affected by regional vegetation change directly. Our paired, compound-specific isotope data show that shifts in vegetation lead major changes in hydrology in the Tanganyika basin at several major climate transitions during the past 60,000 years, suggesting that vegetation in the Tanganyika basin is not as sensitive to aridity as previous studies have suggested and that variations in carbon dioxide, temperature, and internal ecosystem dynamics are equally, if not more, important. We hypothesize that regional vegetation change may exert a positive feedback on regional hydrology, thus partially accounting for the abrupt threshold behavior evident in our paleohydrological data. Furthermore, we find that past changes in Tanganyika basin climate and ecology are closely linked to concentrations of atmospheric trace gases, highlighting the paramount influence of global climatic shifts upon regional tropical climate over glacial/interglacial timescales. #-------------------- # Publication # Authors: Hopmans, E.C., J.W.H. Weijers, E. Schefuss, L. Herfort, J.S. Sinninghe Damsté, and S. Schouten # Published_Date_or_Year: 2004-07-30 # Published_Title: A novel proxy for terrestrial organic matter in sediments based on branched and isoprenoid tetraether lipids # Journal_Name: Earth and Planetary Science Letters # Volume: 224 # Edition: # Issue: 1-2 # Pages: 107-116 # Report_Number: # DOI: 10.1016/j.epsl.2004.05.012 # Online_Resource: # Full_Citation: # Abstract: We propose a novel tracer for terrestrial organic carbon in sediments based on the analysis of tetraether lipids using high-performance liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry (HPLC/MS). Analysis of terrestrial soil and peats shows that branched tetraether lipids are predominant in terrestrial environments in contrast to crenarchaeol, the characteristic membrane lipid of non-thermophilic crenarchaeota, which is especially abundant in the marine and lacustrine environment. Based on these findings, an index was developed, the so-called Branched and Isoprenoid Tetraether (BIT) index, based on the relative abundance of terrestrially derived tetraether lipids versus crenarchaeol. This BIT index was applied to surface sediments from the Angola Basin, where it was shown to trace the outflow of the Congo River. Furthermore, analyses of particulate organic matter from the North Sea showed relatively higher BIT indices in water column particulate organic matter near large river inputs. A survey of globally distributed marine and lacustrine surface sediments shows that the BIT index in these environments correlates with the relative fluvial input of terrestrial organic material making this index generally applicable. The new proxy allows the rapid assessment of the fluvial input of terrestrial organic material in immature sediments up to 100 Ma old. #-------------------- # Publication # Authors: Powers, L.A., T.C. Johnson, J.P. Werne, I.S. Castañeda, E.C. Hopmans, J.S. Sinninghe Damsté, and S. Schouten # Published_Date_or_Year: 2005 # Published_Title: Large temperature variability in the southern African tropics since the Last Glacial Maximum # Journal_Name: Geophysical Research Letters # Volume: 32 # Edition: # Issue: 8 # Pages: # Report_Number: L08706 # DOI: 10.1029/2004GL022014 # Online_Resource: # Full_Citation: # Abstract: The role of the tropics in global climate change is actively debated, particularly in regard to the timing and magnitude of thermal and hydrological response. Continuous, high-resolution temperature records through the Last Glacial Maximum (LGM) from tropical oceans have provided much insight but surface temperature reconstructions do not exist from tropical continental environments. Here we used the TEX86 paleotemperature proxy to reconstruct mean annual lake surface temperatures through the Last Glacial Maximum (LGM) in Lake Malawi, East Africa (9º-14ºS). We find a ~3.5ºC overall warming since the LGM, with temperature reversals of ~ 2ºC during the Younger Dryas (12.5 ka BP) and at 8.2 ka BP. Maximum Holocene temperatures of ~29ºC were found at 5 ka BP, a period preceding severe drought in Africa. These results suggest a substantial thermal response of southeastern tropical Africa to deglaciation and to varying conditions during the Holocene. #-------------------- # Funding_Agency # Funding_Agency_Name: US National Science Foundation # Grant: ATM 0223920, BIO 0383765, EAR 0639474 #-------------------- # Funding_Agency # Funding_Agency_Name: U.S. Department of Defense # Grant: National Defense Science and Engineering Graduate Fellowship #-------------------- # Site_Information # Site_Name: Lake Tanganyika Core NP04-KH4 # Location: Lake Tanganyika # Northernmost_Latitude: -6.60168 # Southernmost_Latitude: -6.60168 # Easternmost_Longitude: 30.0116 # Westernmost_Longitude: 30.0116 # Elevation_m: 773 #-------------------- # Data_Collection # Collection_Name: NP04-KH4 TEX # First_Year: 31429 # Last_Year: 17857 # Time_Unit: cal yr BP # Core_Length_m: # Parameter_Keywords: reconstruction # Notes: #-------------------- # Chronology_Information # Chronology: Radiocarbon # Chronology_Download_Resource: https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/templates/noaa-wds-paleo-14c-terms.csv # Chronology_Download_Description: Radiocarbon terms and definitions. # Chronology_Notes: Chronology for sections 4 and 5 of core NP04-KH04-4A-1K, used to cover the hiatus in core NP04-KH04-3A-1K between 21,000 and 28,000 yr BP, is constrained by 7 radiocarbon dates and two visual stratigraphic tie points to core NP04-KH04-3A-1K # Rejection_Rationale: # Reservoir_Method: Paired bulk sediment/macrofossil dates indicate that the reservoir effect in Lake Tanganyika has increased linearly in the Holocene from 0 at the Last Glacial Maximum to ca. 500 14C years at the last dated point; details concerning corrections made for the reservoir effect were described previously (Felton, A. A. et al. Palaeogeo. Palaeoclim. Palaeoeco. 252, 405 (2007); Tierney, J. E. & Russell, J. M. Geophys. Res. Lett. 34, 10.1029/2007GL029508(2007)). # Calibration_Method: Fairbanks0107 calibration curve # Age_Model_Method: mixed-effect regression model (Heegaard, E., Birks, H. J. B., & Telford, R. J. The Holocene 15, 612 (2005).) # Missing_Values: NaN # Chronology_Table: # lab_code depth_cm date_type material_dated age_14C_BP1950 age_14C_1s_yr age_calib_BP1950 age_calib_1s_yr calib_curve # NA 394 tie point 13898 None # NA 416 tie point 15258 None # WHOI-NOSAMS-60963 453 14C AMS bulk sediment 15050 70 18205 184 IntCal # WHOI-NOSAMS-62456 479 14C AMS bulk sediment 17350 85 20517 109 IntCal # WHOI-NOSAMS-62456 498 14C AMS bulk sediment 19350 90 23004 169 IntCal # WHOI-NOSAMS-60964 519 14C AMS bulk sediment 21200 140 25389 206 IntCal # WHOI-NOSAMS-60965 559 14C AMS bulk sediment 22500 110 27040 178 IntCal # WHOI-NOSAMS-60966 595 14C AMS bulk sediment 24700 130 29558 224 IntCal # WHOI-NOSAMS-60968 661 14C AMS bulk sediment 28100 210 33470 268 IntCal #-------------------- # Variables # # PaST_Thesaurus_Download_Resource: https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/PaST-thesaurus/SKOS/past-thesaurus-v1.0.rdf # PaST_Thesaurus_Download_Description: Paleoenvironmental Standard Terms (PaST) Thesaurus terms, definitions, and relationships in SKOS format. # # Data variables follow that are preceded by "##" in columns one and two. # Variables list, one per line, shortname-tab-var components: what, material, error, units, seasonality, data type, detail, method, C or N for Character or Numeric data) # ## depth_cm depth,,,centimeter,,paleolimnology;climate reconstructions,,,N, ## age_calBP age,,,calendar year before present,,paleolimnology;climate reconstructions,,,N, ## TEX86 tetraether index of 86 carbon atoms,sediment,,dimensionless,,paleolimnology,,,N, ## LST-T'10 lake surface temperature,glycerol dialkyl glycerol tetraether index,,degree Celsius,,paleolimnology;climate reconstructions,,,N,TEX86 method of Tierney (2010) ## LST-T'10+.5 lake surface temperature,glycerol dialkyl glycerol tetraether index,,degree Celsius,,paleolimnology;climate reconstructions,,,N,TEX86 method of Tierney (2010) with 0.5 ºC added ## LST-P'05 lake surface temperature,glycerol dialkyl glycerol tetraether index,,degree Celsius,,paleolimnology;climate reconstructions,,,N,TEX86 method of Powers (2005) ## LST-P'05+.5 lake surface temperature,glycerol dialkyl glycerol tetraether index,,degree Celsius,,paleolimnology;climate reconstructions,,,N,TEX86 method of Powers (2005) with 0.5 ºC added ## BIT branched and isoprenoid tetraether index,sediment,,dimensionless,,paleolimnology,,,N, # #-------------------- # Data: # Data lines follow (have no #) # Data line format - tab-delimited text, variable short name as header # Missing_Values: depth_cm age_calBP TEX86 LST-T'10 LST-T'10+.5 LST-P'05 LST-P'05+.5 BIT 449 17857 0.665 22.4 22.9 24.4 24.9 0.08 455 18348 0.652 21.8 22.3 23.6 24.1 0.10 461 18840 0.652 21.8 22.3 23.6 24.1 0.10 467 19324 0.654 21.9 22.4 23.8 24.3 0.11 473 19914 0.653 21.9 22.4 23.7 24.2 0.10 479 20543 0.645 21.6 22.1 23.2 23.7 0.11 485 21256 0.646 21.6 22.1 23.3 23.8 0.12 491 22029 0.648 21.7 22.2 23.4 23.9 0.13 497 22829 0.647 21.7 22.2 23.4 23.8 0.13 503 23625 0.642 21.5 22.0 23.1 23.6 0.14 509 24375 0.647 21.7 22.2 23.4 23.9 0.13 515 25037 0.648 21.7 22.2 23.4 23.9 0.13 521 25565 0.652 21.8 22.3 23.6 24.1 0.15 527 25949 0.639 21.3 21.8 22.9 23.4 0.15 533 26222 0.648 21.7 22.2 23.4 23.9 0.17 539 26421 0.651 21.8 22.3 23.6 24.1 0.14 545 26585 0.644 21.5 22.0 23.2 23.7 0.15 551 26750 0.643 21.5 22.0 23.1 23.6 0.14 557 26956 0.639 21.3 21.8 22.9 23.4 0.14 563 27236 0.639 21.3 21.8 22.9 23.4 0.14 569 27594 0.640 21.4 21.9 22.9 23.4 0.12 575 28009 0.657 22.0 22.5 23.9 24.4 0.14 581 28462 0.645 21.6 22.1 23.2 23.8 0.13 587 28934 0.649 21.7 22.2 23.5 24.0 0.15 593 29404 0.661 22.2 22.7 24.2 24.7 0.12 599 29855 0.656 22.0 22.5 23.9 24.4 0.12 605 30281 0.657 22.0 22.5 23.9 24.4 0.13 611 30683 0.657 22.0 22.5 23.9 24.4 0.11 617 31065 0.658 22.1 22.6 24.0 24.5 0.11 623 31429 0.653 21.9 22.4 23.7 24.2 0.11