# Lake Tanganyika 60,000 Year TEX86 LST and dD Data #----------------------------------------------------------------------- # World Data Service for Paleoclimatology, Boulder # and # NOAA Paleoclimatology Program # National Centers for Environmental Information (NCEI) #----------------------------------------------------------------------- # Template Version 4.0 # Encoding: UTF-8 # NOTE: Please cite original publication, NOAA Landing Page URL, dataset and publication DOIs (where available), and date accessed when using downloaded data. If there is no publication information, please cite investigator, study title, NOAA Landing Page URL, and date accessed. # # Description/Documentation lines begin with # # Data lines have no # # # NOAA_Landing_Page: https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/access/paleo-search/study/6206 # Landing_Page_Description: NOAA Landing Page of this file's parent study, which includes all study metadata. # # Study_Level_JSON_Metadata: https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/pub/data/metadata/published/paleo/json/noaa-lake-6206.json # Study_Level_JSON_Description: JSON metadata of this data file's parent study, which includes all study metadata. # # Data_Type: Paleolimnology # # Dataset_DOI: 10.25921/bcy2-qh52 # # Science_Keywords: PAGES 2k Network, PAGES Africa 2k, Air Temperature Reconstruction #-------------------- # Resource_Links # # Data_Download_Resource: https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/paleolimnology/eastafrica/tanganyika2008-khcomptex-noaa.txt # Data_Download_Description: NOAA Template File; Composite TEX Data and Temperature Reconstruction # #-------------------- # Contribution_Date # Date: 2008-12-01 #-------------------- # File_Last_Modified_Date # Date: 2024-09-09 #-------------------- # Title # Study_Name: Lake Tanganyika 60,000 Year TEX86 LST and dD Data #-------------------- # Investigators # Investigators: Tierney, J.E.(https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9080-9289); Russell, J.M.(https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1329-4613); Huang, Y.(https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9287-4543); Sinninghe Damsté, J.S.(https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8683-1854); Hopmans, E.C.(https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8209-1334); Cohen, A.S.(https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9995-9489) #-------------------- # Description_Notes_and_Keywords # Description: This dataset includes TEX86 and compound-specific D/H data from Lake Tanganyika cores KH3 and KH4. The TEX86 temperature data are provided with both the original Powers et al. 2005 calibration and the new Tierney et al. (2010) calibration. Chronology was constrained by 26 radiocarbon dates on KH3 and 7 additional dates on KH4. The TEX86 data files include the TEX86 index value, calibration to temperature utilizing the lakes calibrations of Powers et al., 2005, and Tierney et al. 2010, and the Branched and Isoprenoid Tetraether (BIT) index value. The BIT index, ranging from 0-1, is an indicator of the relative amount of soil-derived vs. aquatic GDGTs, with a value of 0 indicative of completely aquatic sources, and 1 indicating completely soil-derived sources (Hopmans et al. 2004).The data for KH4 also includes the modified TEX temperatures (T +0.5º) to account for site offset. D/H values were measured on the C28 n-acid and are expressed in per mil vs. VSMOW. The carbon isotopes were also measured on the C-28 fatty acid expressed in per mil vs. VPDB. Two corrections have been applied to the dD data. "dDIVonly" refers to the D/H data corrected for global ice volume, and "dDIVandbio" refers to the D/H data corrected for biosynthetic fractionation and global ice volume. These corrections are described in the Tierney et al. QSR 2010 paper. # # Data from cores NP04-KH04-3A-1K (KH3) and NP04-KH04-4A-1K (KH4), Kalya Horst, Lake Tanganyika. Core (KH3): 6º42.827'S, 29º49.957'E, 773m elev, 644m depth. Core (KH4): 6º36.101'S, 30º00.696'E, 773m elev, 349m depth. # # LAST UPDATE: 5/2010. Addition of improved Tierney et al. 2010 TEX86 temperature calibration, plus d13C data and corrected dD series. #-------------------- # Publication # Authors: Tierney, J.E., J.M. Russell, Y. Huang, J.S. Sinninghe Damsté, E.C. Hopmans, and A.S. Cohen # Published_Date_or_Year: 2008-10-10 # Published_Title: Northern Hemisphere Controls on Tropical Southeast African Climate During the Past 60,000 Years # Journal_Name: Science # Volume: 322 # Edition: # Issue: 5899 # Pages: 252-255 # Report_Number: # DOI: 10.1126/science.1160485 # Online_Resource: # Full_Citation: # Abstract: The processes that control climate in the tropics are poorly understood. We applied compound-specific hydrogen isotopes (dD) and the TEX86 (tetraether index of 86 carbon atoms) temperature proxy to sediment cores from Lake Tanganyika to independently reconstruct precipitation and temperature variations during the past 60,000 years. Tanganyika temperatures follow Northern Hemisphere insolation and indicate that warming in tropical southeast Africa during the last glacial termination began to increase ~3000 years before atmospheric carbon dioxide concentrations. dD data show that this region experienced abrupt changes in hydrology coeval with orbital and millennial-scale events recorded in Northern Hemisphere monsoonal climate records. This implies that precipitation in tropical southeast Africa is more strongly controlled by changes in Indian Ocean sea surface temperatures and the winter Indian monsoon than by migration of the Intertropical Convergence Zone. #-------------------- # Publication # Authors: Tierney, J.E., J.M. Russell, and Y. Huang # Published_Date_or_Year: 2010-03-01 # Published_Title: A molecular perspective on Late Quaternary climate and vegetation change in the Lake Tanganyika basin, East Africa # Journal_Name: Quaternary Science Reviews # Volume: 29 # Edition: # Issue: 5-6 # Pages: 787-800 # Report_Number: # DOI: 10.1016/j.quascirev.2009.11.030 # Online_Resource: # Full_Citation: # Abstract: Characterizing the nature of past hydrological change and its interactions with vegetation is fundamental to acquiring a better understanding of continental tropical climate dynamics. Here, we outline major shifts in the climate and ecosystem of tropical East Africa for the past 60,000 years (60 ka) by examining molecular records of hydrology, vegetation, and temperature from a sediment sequence from Lake Tanganyika. We demonstrate, via comparison with pollen spectra, that stable carbon isotopes measured on higher plant leaf waxes (δ13Cwax) are a reliable proxy for vegetation change. In addition we argue that the D/H ratio of higher plant leaf waxes (δDwax) is a robust and independent indicator of past changes in aridity, and is not affected by regional vegetation change directly. Our paired, compound-specific isotope data show that shifts in vegetation lead major changes in hydrology in the Tanganyika basin at several major climate transitions during the past 60,000 years, suggesting that vegetation in the Tanganyika basin is not as sensitive to aridity as previous studies have suggested and that variations in carbon dioxide, temperature, and internal ecosystem dynamics are equally, if not more, important. We hypothesize that regional vegetation change may exert a positive feedback on regional hydrology, thus partially accounting for the abrupt threshold behavior evident in our paleohydrological data. Furthermore, we find that past changes in Tanganyika basin climate and ecology are closely linked to concentrations of atmospheric trace gases, highlighting the paramount influence of global climatic shifts upon regional tropical climate over glacial/interglacial timescales. #-------------------- # Publication # Authors: Hopmans, E.C., J.W.H. Weijers, E. Schefuss, L. Herfort, J.S. Sinninghe Damsté, and S. Schouten # Published_Date_or_Year: 2004-07-30 # Published_Title: A novel proxy for terrestrial organic matter in sediments based on branched and isoprenoid tetraether lipids # Journal_Name: Earth and Planetary Science Letters # Volume: 224 # Edition: # Issue: 1-2 # Pages: 107-116 # Report_Number: # DOI: 10.1016/j.epsl.2004.05.012 # Online_Resource: # Full_Citation: # Abstract: We propose a novel tracer for terrestrial organic carbon in sediments based on the analysis of tetraether lipids using high-performance liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry (HPLC/MS). Analysis of terrestrial soil and peats shows that branched tetraether lipids are predominant in terrestrial environments in contrast to crenarchaeol, the characteristic membrane lipid of non-thermophilic crenarchaeota, which is especially abundant in the marine and lacustrine environment. Based on these findings, an index was developed, the so-called Branched and Isoprenoid Tetraether (BIT) index, based on the relative abundance of terrestrially derived tetraether lipids versus crenarchaeol. This BIT index was applied to surface sediments from the Angola Basin, where it was shown to trace the outflow of the Congo River. Furthermore, analyses of particulate organic matter from the North Sea showed relatively higher BIT indices in water column particulate organic matter near large river inputs. A survey of globally distributed marine and lacustrine surface sediments shows that the BIT index in these environments correlates with the relative fluvial input of terrestrial organic material making this index generally applicable. The new proxy allows the rapid assessment of the fluvial input of terrestrial organic material in immature sediments up to 100 Ma old. #-------------------- # Publication # Authors: Powers, L.A., T.C. Johnson, J.P. Werne, I.S. Castañeda, E.C. Hopmans, J.S. Sinninghe Damsté, and S. Schouten # Published_Date_or_Year: 2005 # Published_Title: Large temperature variability in the southern African tropics since the Last Glacial Maximum # Journal_Name: Geophysical Research Letters # Volume: 32 # Edition: # Issue: 8 # Pages: # Report_Number: L08706 # DOI: 10.1029/2004GL022014 # Online_Resource: # Full_Citation: # Abstract: The role of the tropics in global climate change is actively debated, particularly in regard to the timing and magnitude of thermal and hydrological response. Continuous, high-resolution temperature records through the Last Glacial Maximum (LGM) from tropical oceans have provided much insight but surface temperature reconstructions do not exist from tropical continental environments. Here we used the TEX86 paleotemperature proxy to reconstruct mean annual lake surface temperatures through the Last Glacial Maximum (LGM) in Lake Malawi, East Africa (9º-14ºS). We find a ~3.5ºC overall warming since the LGM, with temperature reversals of ~ 2ºC during the Younger Dryas (12.5 ka BP) and at 8.2 ka BP. Maximum Holocene temperatures of ~29ºC were found at 5 ka BP, a period preceding severe drought in Africa. These results suggest a substantial thermal response of southeastern tropical Africa to deglaciation and to varying conditions during the Holocene. #-------------------- # Funding_Agency # Funding_Agency_Name: US National Science Foundation # Grant: ATM 0223920, BIO 0383765, EAR 0639474 #-------------------- # Funding_Agency # Funding_Agency_Name: U.S. Department of Defense # Grant: National Defense Science and Engineering Graduate Fellowship #-------------------- # Site_Information # Site_Name: Lake Tanganyika Cores NP04-KH3 and NP04-KH4 # Location: Lake Tanganyika # Northernmost_Latitude: -6.60168 # Southernmost_Latitude: -6.71378 # Easternmost_Longitude: 30.0116 # Westernmost_Longitude: 29.832616 # Elevation_m: 773 #-------------------- # Data_Collection # Collection_Name: NP04-KH3-KH4 TEX # First_Year: 59454 # Last_Year: 1313 # Time_Unit: cal yr BP # Core_Length_m: # Parameter_Keywords: reconstruction # Notes: #-------------------- # Chronology_Information # Chronology: # #-------------------- # Variables # # PaST_Thesaurus_Download_Resource: https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/PaST-thesaurus/SKOS/past-thesaurus-v1.0.rdf # PaST_Thesaurus_Download_Description: Paleoenvironmental Standard Terms (PaST) Thesaurus terms, definitions, and relationships in SKOS format. # # Data variables follow that are preceded by "##" in columns one and two. # Variables list, one per line, shortname-tab-var components: what, material, error, units, seasonality, data type, detail, method, C or N for Character or Numeric data) # ## age_calBP age,,,calendar year before present,,paleolimnology;climate reconstructions,,,N, ## TEX86 tetraether index of 86 carbon atoms,sediment,,dimensionless,,paleolimnology,,,N, ## LST-T'10 lake surface temperature,glycerol dialkyl glycerol tetraether index,,degree Celsius,,paleolimnology;climate reconstructions,,,N,TEX86 method of Tierney (2010) ## BIT branched and isoprenoid tetraether index,sediment,,dimensionless,,paleolimnology,,,N, # #-------------------- # Data: # Data lines follow (have no #) # Data line format - tab-delimited text, variable short name as header # Missing_Values: age_calBP TEX86 LST-T'10 BIT 1313 0.725 24.7 0.09 1405 0.713 24.2 0.09 1997 0.717 24.4 0.08 2316 0.698 23.6 0.09 2545 0.703 23.8 0.10 2818 0.694 23.5 0.09 3092 0.698 23.6 0.10 3366 0.717 24.4 0.10 3593 0.724 24.6 0.09 3956 0.723 24.6 0.08 4225 0.735 25.1 0.08 4449 0.729 24.8 0.07 4582 0.735 25.1 0.08 4848 0.724 24.6 0.12 4980 0.745 25.5 0.08 5244 0.737 25.2 0.08 5507 0.743 25.4 0.08 5726 0.744 25.4 0.08 6031 0.724 24.6 0.11 6205 0.715 24.3 0.10 6291 0.724 24.6 0.11 6418 0.713 24.2 0.11 6628 0.750 25.7 0.13 6752 0.765 26.2 0.15 6853 0.709 24.1 0.10 6933 0.715 24.3 0.11 7052 0.705 23.9 0.15 7323 0.720 24.5 0.11 7514 0.715 24.3 0.10 7743 0.715 24.3 0.11 7818 0.722 24.6 0.10 7969 0.703 23.8 0.15 8082 0.698 23.6 0.17 8194 0.707 24.0 0.16 8343 0.721 24.5 0.11 8600 0.713 24.2 0.11 8782 0.722 24.6 0.11 8854 0.726 24.7 0.12 9247 0.725 24.7 0.11 9493 0.730 24.9 0.10 9668 0.726 24.7 0.12 9842 0.729 24.8 0.10 9981 0.729 24.8 0.11 10224 0.732 25.0 0.12 10398 0.726 24.7 0.12 10609 0.722 24.6 0.11 10680 0.732 25.0 0.11 10967 0.718 24.4 0.12 11150 0.736 25.1 0.12 11225 0.740 25.3 0.13 11337 0.710 24.1 0.11 11451 0.700 23.7 0.10 11527 0.713 24.2 0.14 11605 0.764 26.2 0.14 11802 0.699 23.7 0.10 11924 0.693 23.4 0.09 12218 0.693 23.4 0.10 12348 0.694 23.5 0.10 12574 0.689 23.3 0.11 12714 0.670 22.5 0.10 12906 0.673 22.7 0.09 13157 0.679 22.9 0.09 13418 0.677 22.8 0.09 13581 0.677 22.8 0.08 13861 0.699 23.7 0.10 13977 0.693 23.4 0.10 14153 0.684 23.1 0.10 14394 0.677 22.8 0.08 14580 0.679 22.9 0.10 14706 0.669 22.5 0.12 14898 0.679 22.9 0.12 15028 0.695 23.5 0.12 15159 0.692 23.4 0.14 15292 0.684 23.1 0.12 15494 0.678 22.9 0.11 15837 0.683 23.1 0.11 16117 0.687 23.2 0.14 16331 0.676 22.8 0.11 16619 0.720 24.5 0.13 16765 0.662 22.2 0.11 16986 0.659 22.1 0.09 17135 0.675 22.7 0.09 17510 0.676 22.8 0.10 17857 0.665 22.9 0.08 17891 0.665 22.4 0.11 18122 0.668 22.5 0.11 18348 0.652 22.3 0.10 18354 0.667 22.4 0.11 18840 0.652 22.3 0.10 18901 0.661 22.2 0.11 19295 0.663 22.3 0.12 19324 0.654 22.4 0.11 19691 0.658 22.1 0.12 19914 0.653 22.4 0.10 20009 0.663 22.3 0.12 20406 0.651 21.8 0.13 20543 0.645 22.1 0.11 21256 0.646 22.1 0.12 22029 0.648 22.2 0.13 22829 0.647 22.2 0.13 23625 0.642 22.0 0.14 24375 0.647 22.2 0.13 25037 0.648 22.2 0.13 25565 0.652 22.3 0.15 25949 0.639 21.8 0.15 26222 0.648 22.2 0.17 26421 0.651 22.3 0.14 26585 0.644 22.0 0.15 26750 0.643 22.0 0.14 26956 0.639 21.8 0.14 27236 0.639 21.8 0.14 27594 0.640 21.9 0.12 28009 0.657 22.5 0.14 28027 0.659 22.1 0.13 28462 0.645 22.1 0.13 28549 0.665 22.4 0.13 28934 0.649 22.2 0.15 29159 0.661 22.2 0.13 29404 0.661 22.7 0.12 29507 0.664 22.3 0.12 29855 0.669 22.5 0.13 29855 0.656 22.5 0.12 30203 0.664 22.3 0.12 30281 0.657 22.5 0.13 30552 0.667 22.4 0.12 30683 0.657 22.5 0.11 30900 0.677 22.8 0.12 31065 0.658 22.6 0.11 31248 0.672 22.6 0.11 31429 0.653 22.4 0.11 31596 0.672 22.6 0.12 31945 0.674 22.7 0.14 32293 0.683 23.1 0.15 32380 0.682 23.0 0.16 32641 0.676 22.8 0.14 32815 0.670 22.5 0.11 33337 0.675 22.7 0.14 33686 0.673 22.7 0.14 34034 0.676 22.8 0.14 34382 0.667 22.4 0.13 34904 0.677 22.8 0.14 35427 0.681 23.0 0.14 35819 0.680 22.9 0.12 36254 0.685 23.1 0.12 36776 0.683 23.1 0.13 37212 0.679 22.9 0.14 37560 0.672 22.6 0.15 37908 0.673 22.7 0.15 38256 0.676 22.8 0.15 38605 0.679 22.9 0.15 38953 0.682 23.0 0.14 39301 0.676 22.8 0.15 39649 0.663 22.3 0.16 39997 0.655 22.0 0.17 40346 0.661 22.2 0.20 40694 0.657 22.0 0.24 41042 0.662 22.2 0.22 41390 0.666 22.4 0.20 41739 0.669 22.5 0.20 42087 0.672 22.6 0.19 42435 0.675 22.7 0.18 42783 0.674 22.7 0.15 43131 0.678 22.9 0.14 43480 0.669 22.5 0.16 43828 0.660 22.2 0.17 44176 0.661 22.2 0.15 44524 0.665 22.4 0.12 44872 0.681 23.0 0.12 45221 0.672 22.6 0.14 45569 0.687 23.2 0.16 45917 0.708 24.0 0.23 46265 0.691 23.4 0.22 46614 0.678 22.9 0.17 46962 0.677 22.8 0.21 47310 0.676 22.8 0.21 47658 0.670 22.5 0.19 48006 0.671 22.6 0.19 48355 0.678 22.9 0.19 48703 0.689 23.3 0.20 49007 0.682 23.0 0.20 49355 0.682 23.0 0.18 49704 0.681 23.0 0.16 50052 0.686 23.2 0.17 50400 0.699 23.7 0.17 50748 0.701 23.8 0.18 51096 0.712 24.2 0.19 51445 0.714 24.3 0.15 51793 0.700 23.7 0.15 52141 0.695 23.5 0.12 52489 0.668 22.5 0.10 52837 0.696 23.6 0.15 53186 0.697 23.6 0.14 53534 0.750 25.7 0.22 53882 0.699 23.7 0.13 54230 0.701 23.8 0.11 54579 0.712 24.2 0.19 54927 0.725 24.7 0.14 55275 0.725 24.7 0.17 55623 0.727 24.8 0.14 55971 0.720 24.5 0.16 56320 0.732 25.0 0.12 56668 0.705 23.9 0.12 57016 0.764 26.2 0.26 57364 0.753 25.8 0.22 57712 0.733 25.0 0.21 58061 0.700 23.7 0.10 58409 0.738 25.2 0.12 58757 0.728 24.8 0.08 59105 0.736 25.1 0.09 59454 0.733 25.0 0.13