Lake Tanganyika 1500 Year TEX86 LST, BSi, and Charcoal Data ----------------------------------------------------------------------- World Data Center for Paleoclimatology, Boulder and NOAA Paleoclimatology Program ----------------------------------------------------------------------- NOTE: PLEASE CITE ORIGINAL REFERENCE WHEN USING THIS DATA!!!!! NAME OF DATA SET: Lake Tanganyika 1500 Year TEX86 LST, BSi, and Charcoal Data LAST UPDATE: 7/2010. Correction to calibrated 14C age values. Outdated version of the age model initially archived. (Original receipt by WDC Paleo 5/2010) CONTRIBUTORS: Tierney, J.E., M.T. Mayes, N. Meyer, C. Johnson, P.W. Swarzenski, A.S. Cohen, and J.M. Russell. IGBP PAGES/WDCA CONTRIBUTION SERIES NUMBER: 2010-043 WDC PALEO CONTRIBUTION SERIES CITATION: Tierney, J.E., et al. 2010. Lake Tanganyika 1500 Year TEX86 LST, BSi, and Charcoal Data. IGBP PAGES/World Data Center for Paleoclimatology Data Contribution Series # 2010-043. NOAA/NCDC Paleoclimatology Program, Boulder CO, USA. ORIGINAL REFERENCE: Tierney, J.E., M.T. Mayes, N. Meyer, C. Johnson, P.W. Swarzenski, A.S. Cohen, and J.M. Russell. 2010. Late-twentieth-century warming in Lake Tanganyika unprecedented since AD 500. Nature GeoScience, Published online 16 May 2010. DOI: 10.1038/NGEO865 ABSTRACT: Instrumental observations suggest that Lake Tanganyika, the largest rift lake in East Africa, has become warmer, increasingly stratified and less productive over the past 90 years. These trends have been attributed to anthropogenic climate change. However, it remains unclear whether the decrease in productivity is linked to the temperature rise, and whether the twentieth-century trends are anomalous within the context of longer-term variability. Here, we use the TEX86 temperature proxy, the weight per cent of biogenic silica and charcoal abundance from Lake Tanganyika sediment cores to reconstruct lake-surface temperature, productivity and regional wildfire frequency, respectively, for the past 1,500 years. We detect a negative correlation between lake-surface temperature and primary productivity, and our estimates of fire frequency, and hence humidity, preclude decreased nutrient input through runoff as a cause for observed periods of low productivity. We suggest that, throughout the past 1,500 years, rising lake-surface temperatures increased the stratification of the lake water column, preventing nutrient recharge from below and limiting primary productivity. Our records indicate that changes in the temperature of Lake Tanganyika in the past few decades exceed previous natural variability. We conclude that these unprecedented temperatures and a corresponding decrease in productivity can be attributed to anthropogenic global warming, with potentially important implications for the Lake Tanganyika fishery. GEOGRAPHIC REGION: East Africa PERIOD OF RECORD: 504 - 1996 AD FUNDING SOURCES: US National Science Foundation, grant NSF-EAR 0639474 to J.M.R., and the Nyanza Project (NSF-ATM 0223920 to A.S.C.). DESCRIPTION: High resolution multiproxy data from Lake Tanganyika for the past 1500 years. Data include the TEX86 lake surface temperature proxy, weight per cent of biogenic silica as a productivity proxy, and charcoal abundance as an indicator of regional wildfire frequency. Data from piston Core NP04-KH1 and multicore MC1, Kalya Platform area, Lake Tanganyika: 6ē33.147'S, 29ē58.480'E, 309m depth. DATA: 1. 14C and Pb210 Age Data 1a. 14C data 7/2010 - Correction to calibrated 14C age values. Outdated version of the age model initially archived. Accession # Type Core Depth-cm 14CAge 1sErr 14CRes. Corr14Cage Calib14CAge Calib 1s Err OS- 63167 Bulk OM MC1 0.75 865 25 *This sample is post-bomb OS-66108 Bulk OM MC1 4.25 1010 35 956 54 1896 OS- 63168 Bulk OM MC1 18.5 1390 30 993 397 1478 41 N/A Tie Point KH1 15 *Carbonate layer: strat. tie pt. to MC1 1956 OS- 63165 Bulk OM KH1 23.5 1110 35 966 144 1830 95 OS-71206 Bulk OM KH1 55.5 1240 20 978 262 1659 47 OS- 63166 Bulk OM KH1 85.5 1660 30 1019 641 1338 38 OS- 72591 Bulk OM KH1 95.5 1900 30 1042 858 1199 36 OS-71207 Bulk OM KH1 110.5 2080 20 1059 1021 1017 11 OS- 72537 Bulk OM KH1 125.5 2270 30 1077 1193 845 46 OS-71205 Wood Macrofossil KH1 136.5 1310 20 0 1310 687 21 OS-71204 Bulk OM KH1 136.5 2160 20 *Reversed Age - not used in model OS- 63164 Bulk OM KH1 140.5 1970 35 *Reversed Age - not used in model OS- 72538 Bulk OM KH1 145.5 2200 35 *Reversed Age - not used in model 1b. Pb210 age data Depth(cm) Unsupported Error Error 210Pb(dpm/g) 0.5 77.53 1.06 1.06 1.5 38.95 0.72 0.72 2.5 9.28 0.54 0.54 3.5 4.18 0.50 0.50 4.5 2.24 0.28 0.28 6.5 1.29 0.25 0.25 8.5 0.47 0.17 0.17 10.5 0.33 0.41 0.33 *Sedimentation rate = 0.05 cm/yr 2. Biogenic Silica 2a. Core MC1 BSi Depth-cm YearAD BSi(%) BSi(normalized) 0.25 1996 3.6 -1.26 0.75 1986 3.1 -1.34 1.25 1976 2.9 -1.37 1.75 1966 2.6 -1.41 2.25 1956 2.7 -1.39 2.75 1946 2.3 -1.45 3.25 1936 3.5 -1.28 3.75 1926 4.4 -1.14 4.25 1916 6.2 -0.88 4.75 1906 5.5 -0.98 5.25 1896 10.6 -0.25 5.75 1886 10.0 -0.34 6.25 1876 21.1 1.28 6.75 1866 16.5 0.61 7.25 1856 11.7 -0.08 2b. Core KH1 BSi Depth-cm YearAD Bsi(%) Bsi(normalized) 15 1956 3.5 -1.60 16 1946 3.9 -1.56 17 1937 6.5 -1.35 18 1927 9.2 -1.11 19 1918 11.9 -0.89 20 1908 21.6 -0.06 21 1898 11.3 -0.93 22 1889 12.8 -0.80 23 1879 26.3 0.34 24 1872 34.1 1.00 25 1865 41.1 1.59 26 1859 38.3 1.36 27 1852 22.1 -0.02 28 1845 17.9 -0.37 29 1838 29.5 0.61 30 1831 34.4 1.02 31 1824 14.3 -0.68 32 1816 34.3 1.01 33 1809 40.7 1.56 34 1802 26.8 0.38 35 1794 36.5 1.21 36 1787 38.2 1.35 37 1779 34.8 1.06 38 1772 16.1 -0.52 39 1764 29.2 0.58 40 1756 41.1 1.60 41 1748 39.7 1.47 42 1741 39.9 1.49 43 1733 34.6 1.05 44 1724 23.9 0.13 45 1716 37.4 1.28 46 1708 39.9 1.49 47 1700 38.2 1.34 48 1692 37.4 1.28 49 1683 45.2 1.95 50 1675 39.5 1.46 51 1666 18.2 -0.35 52 1658 7.2 -1.29 53 1649 8.2 -1.20 54 1640 26.8 0.38 55 1631 25.6 0.28 56 1623 20.0 -0.20 57 1614 17.1 -0.44 58 1605 26.4 0.34 59 1596 16.0 -0.53 60 1586 16.1 -0.53 61 1577 20.8 -0.13 62 1568 9.7 -1.07 63 1559 6.6 -1.33 64 1549 9.8 -1.06 65 1540 6.8 -1.32 66 1530 7.3 -1.28 67 1521 6.9 -1.31 68 1511 21.7 -0.06 69 1501 22.6 0.02 70 1491 30.5 0.69 71 1481 40.0 1.50 72 1471 43.6 1.80 73 1461 41.3 1.61 74 1451 45.3 1.95 75 1441 38.0 1.33 76 1431 25.2 0.25 77 1420 22.3 -0.01 78 1410 32.6 0.87 79 1400 14.8 -0.64 80 1389 10.0 -1.04 81 1378 8.5 -1.18 82 1368 9.5 -1.09 83 1357 10.4 -1.01 84 1346 14.3 -0.68 85 1335 16.0 -0.54 85.5 1330 14.0 -0.71 86.5 1319 14.1 -0.70 87.5 1308 18.5 -0.33 88.5 1297 20.8 -0.12 89.5 1286 14.3 -0.68 90.5 1274 27.3 0.43 91.5 1263 24.9 0.22 92.5 1252 7.1 -1.29 93.5 1240 7.4 -1.27 94.5 1229 12.1 -0.86 95.5 1217 8.6 -1.17 96.5 1205 5.9 -1.39 97.5 1194 7.0 -1.30 98.5 1182 6.4 -1.35 99.5 1170 10.8 -0.98 100.5 1158 20.1 -0.19 101.5 1146 20.4 -0.16 102.5 1134 8.9 -1.14 103.5 1122 13.0 -0.79 104.5 1110 25.2 0.24 105.5 1097 31.3 0.76 106.5 1085 28.6 0.53 107.5 1073 25.4 0.26 108.5 1060 15.5 -0.58 109.5 1048 28.8 0.55 110.5 1035 21.5 -0.07 111.5 1022 35.4 1.11 112.5 1009 28.3 0.51 113.5 997 21.7 -0.05 114.5 984 15.7 -0.56 115.5 971 8.6 -1.16 116.5 958 30.2 0.67 117.5 945 23.7 0.12 118.5 931 21.2 -0.10 119.5 918 34.5 1.03 120.5 905 30.4 0.69 121.5 891 31.0 0.74 122.5 878 24.8 0.21 123.5 864 19.1 -0.27 124.5 851 40.5 1.55 125.5 837 59.3 3.14 126.5 824 34.3 1.02 127.5 810 37.7 1.30 128.5 796 26.3 0.34 129.5 782 21.9 -0.03 130.5 768 19.4 -0.25 131.5 754 25.7 0.29 132.5 740 30.4 0.69 133.5 725 37.0 1.25 134.5 711 16.9 -0.46 135.5 697 9.0 -1.13 136.5 682 16.4 -0.50 137.5 668 18.6 -0.32 138.5 653 30.9 0.73 139.5 639 22.3 -0.01 140.5 624 13.5 -0.75 141.5 609 15.4 -0.59 142.5 594 10.6 -1.00 143.5 579 7.5 -1.25 144.5 565 7.9 -1.22 145.5 549 10.7 -0.99 146.5 534 11.3 -0.93 147.5 519 6.4 -1.35 148.5 504 12.4 -0.84 2c. Composite BSi YearAD BSi(normalized) 1996 -1.26 1986 -1.34 1976 -1.37 1966 -1.41 1956 -1.39 1946 -1.45 1937 -1.35 1927 -1.11 1918 -0.89 1908 -0.06 1898 -0.93 1889 -0.80 1879 0.34 1872 1.00 1865 1.59 1859 1.36 1852 -0.02 1845 -0.37 1838 0.61 1831 1.02 1824 -0.68 1816 1.01 1809 1.56 1802 0.38 1794 1.21 1787 1.35 1779 1.06 1772 -0.52 1764 0.58 1756 1.60 1748 1.47 1741 1.49 1733 1.05 1724 0.13 1716 1.28 1708 1.49 1700 1.34 1692 1.28 1683 1.95 1675 1.46 1666 -0.35 1658 -1.29 1649 -1.20 1640 0.38 1631 0.28 1623 -0.20 1614 -0.44 1605 0.34 1596 -0.53 1586 -0.53 1577 -0.13 1568 -1.07 1559 -1.33 1549 -1.06 1540 -1.32 1530 -1.28 1521 -1.31 1511 -0.06 1501 0.02 1491 0.69 1481 1.50 1471 1.80 1461 1.61 1451 1.95 1441 1.33 1431 0.25 1420 -0.01 1410 0.87 1400 -0.64 1389 -1.04 1378 -1.18 1368 -1.09 1357 -1.01 1346 -0.68 1335 -0.54 1330 -0.71 1319 -0.70 1308 -0.33 1297 -0.12 1286 -0.68 1274 0.43 1263 0.22 1252 -1.29 1240 -1.27 1229 -0.86 1217 -1.17 1205 -1.39 1194 -1.30 1182 -1.35 1170 -0.98 1158 -0.19 1146 -0.16 1134 -1.14 1122 -0.79 1110 0.24 1097 0.76 1085 0.53 1073 0.26 1060 -0.58 1048 0.55 1035 -0.07 1022 1.11 1009 0.51 997 -0.05 984 -0.56 971 -1.16 958 0.67 945 0.12 931 -0.10 918 1.03 905 0.69 891 0.74 878 0.21 864 -0.27 851 1.55 837 3.14 824 1.02 810 1.30 796 0.34 782 -0.03 768 -0.25 754 0.29 740 0.69 725 1.25 711 -0.46 697 -1.13 682 -0.50 668 -0.32 653 0.73 639 -0.01 624 -0.75 609 -0.59 594 -1.00 579 -1.25 565 -1.22 549 -0.99 534 -0.93 519 -1.35 504 -0.84 3. Charcoal 3a. Core MC1 charcoal, Charred particles/g sediment Depth-cm YearAD Charred/g Charcoal concentration (normalized) 1.00 1981 90 -0.97 1.25 1976 407 -0.45 1.75 1966 319 -0.60 2.25 1956 209 -0.78 2.75 1946 331 -0.58 3.25 1936 169 -0.84 3.75 1926 180 -0.82 4.25 1916 231 -0.74 4.75 1906 107 -0.94 5.25 1896 425 -0.42 5.75 1886 235 -0.73 6.25 1876 887 0.33 6.75 1866 745 0.10 7.25 1856 932 0.40 7.75 1846 485 -0.33 8.25 1836 758 0.12 8.75 1826 1199 0.84 3b. Core KH1 charcoal, Charred particles/g sediment Depth-cm YearAD Charred/g Charcoal concentration (normalized) 15 1956 185 -0.91 16 1946 170 -0.92 17 1937 143 -0.94 18 1927 139 -0.95 19 1918 442 -0.69 20 1908 736 -0.44 21 1898 958 -0.25 22 1889 344 -0.77 23 1879 212 -0.88 24 1872 1598 0.29 25 1865 2678 1.20 26 1859 1107 -0.13 27 1852 3606 1.98 28 1845 1680 0.36 29 1838 707 -0.47 30 1831 1198 -0.05 31 1824 2149 0.75 32 1816 1415 0.13 33 1809 765 -0.42 34 1802 3450 1.85 35 1794 1636 0.32 36 1787 1317 0.05 37 1779 3149 1.59 38 1772 2049 0.67 39 1764 1084 -0.15 40 1756 2470 1.02 41 1748 3846 2.18 42 1741 2908 1.39 43 1733 1313 0.05 44 1724 806 -0.38 45 1716 839 -0.35 46 1708 3644 2.01 47 1700 950 -0.26 48 1692 2744 1.25 49 1683 1237 -0.02 50 1675 1924 0.56 51 1666 746 -0.43 52 1658 303 -0.81 53 1649 1356 0.08 54 1640 419 -0.71 55 1631 397 -0.73 56 1623 614 -0.54 57 1614 303 -0.81 58 1605 262 -0.84 59 1596 444 -0.69 60 1586 988 -0.23 61 1577 354 -0.76 62 1568 225 -0.87 63 1559 114 -0.97 64 1549 110 -0.97 65 1540 203 -0.89 66 1530 174 -0.92 67 1521 2037 0.66 68 1511 202 -0.89 69 1501 428 -0.70 70 1491 636 -0.53 71 1481 310 -0.80 72 1471 1711 0.38 73 1461 2624 1.15 74 1451 2213 0.81 75 1441 1119 -0.12 76 1431 287 -0.82 77 1420 279 -0.83 78 1410 1060 -0.17 79 1400 209 -0.89 80 1389 404 -0.72 81 1378 206 -0.89 82 1368 659 -0.51 83 1357 1385 0.11 84 1346 705 -0.47 85 1335 697 -0.47 86 1324 581 -0.57 87 1313 325 -0.79 88 1302 1003 -0.22 89 1291 3434 1.84 90 1280 3300 1.72 91 1269 1344 0.07 92 1257 2604 1.14 93 1246 2839 1.33 94 1235 599 -0.56 95 1223 1635 0.32 96 1211 1118 -0.12 97 1200 357 -0.76 98 1188 1792 0.45 99 1176 477 -0.66 100 1164 306 -0.80 101 1152 1401 0.12 102 1140 2335 0.91 103 1128 1518 0.22 104 1116 3493 1.89 105 1104 558 -0.59 106 1091 4688 2.89 107 1079 3048 1.51 108 1066 6920 4.78 109 1054 683 -0.49 110 1041 771 -0.41 111 1029 3937 2.26 112 1016 2490 1.04 113 1003 2204 0.80 114 990 3254 1.68 115 977 2101 0.71 116 964 1773 0.43 117 951 3224 1.66 118 938 1454 0.16 119 925 2736 1.25 120 912 842 -0.35 121 898 3234 1.67 122 885 75 -1.00 123 871 531 -0.61 124 858 706 -0.47 125 844 945 -0.26 126 830 1558 0.25 127 817 832 -0.36 128 803 1552 0.25 129 789 1142 -0.10 130 775 287 -0.82 131 761 347 -0.77 132 747 261 -0.84 133 733 994 -0.22 134 718 1641 0.32 135 704 522 -0.62 136 690 513 -0.63 137 675 163 -0.93 138 661 148 -0.94 139 646 446 -0.69 140 631 75 -1.00 141 617 1134 -0.11 142 602 1103 -0.13 143 587 26 -1.04 144 572 52 -1.02 145 557 192 -0.90 146 542 205 -0.89 147 527 257 -0.85 148 512 26 -1.04 149 496 135 -0.95 3c. Composite charcoal, normalized concentration YearAD Charcoal (normalized) 1981 -0.97 1976 -0.45 1966 -0.60 1956 -0.78 1946 -0.58 1936 -0.84 1926 -0.82 1918 -0.69 1908 -0.44 1898 -0.25 1889 -0.77 1879 -0.88 1872 0.29 1865 1.20 1859 -0.13 1852 1.98 1845 0.36 1838 -0.47 1831 -0.05 1824 0.75 1816 0.13 1809 -0.42 1802 1.85 1794 0.32 1787 0.05 1779 1.59 1772 0.67 1764 -0.15 1756 1.02 1748 2.18 1741 1.39 1733 0.05 1724 -0.38 1716 -0.35 1708 2.01 1700 -0.26 1692 1.25 1683 -0.02 1675 0.56 1666 -0.43 1658 -0.81 1649 0.08 1640 -0.71 1631 -0.73 1623 -0.54 1614 -0.81 1605 -0.84 1596 -0.69 1586 -0.23 1577 -0.76 1568 -0.87 1559 -0.97 1549 -0.97 1540 -0.89 1530 -0.92 1521 0.66 1511 -0.89 1501 -0.70 1491 -0.53 1481 -0.80 1471 0.38 1461 1.15 1451 0.81 1441 -0.12 1431 -0.82 1420 -0.83 1410 -0.17 1400 -0.89 1389 -0.72 1378 -0.89 1368 -0.51 1357 0.11 1346 -0.47 1335 -0.47 1324 -0.57 1313 -0.79 1302 -0.22 1291 1.84 1280 1.72 1269 0.07 1257 1.14 1246 1.33 1235 -0.56 1223 0.32 1211 -0.12 1200 -0.76 1188 0.45 1176 -0.66 1164 -0.80 1152 0.12 1140 0.91 1128 0.22 1116 1.89 1104 -0.59 1091 2.89 1079 1.51 1066 4.78 1054 -0.49 1041 -0.41 1029 2.26 1016 1.04 1003 0.80 990 1.68 977 0.71 964 0.43 951 1.66 938 0.16 925 1.25 912 -0.35 898 1.67 885 -1.00 871 -0.61 858 -0.47 844 -0.26 830 0.25 817 -0.36 803 0.25 789 -0.10 775 -0.82 761 -0.77 747 -0.84 733 -0.22 718 0.32 704 -0.62 690 -0.63 675 -0.93 661 -0.94 646 -0.69 631 -1.00 617 -0.11 602 -0.13 587 -1.04 572 -1.02 557 -0.90 542 -0.89 527 -0.85 512 -1.04 496 -0.95 4. TEX86 Lake Surface Temperature 4a. Core MC1 TEX86 and Lake Surface Temperature Estimates with 95% confidence limits Depth-cm YearAD TEX86 LSTēC 95% + 95% - 0.25 1996 0.752 25.7 26.1 25.3 0.75 1986 0.749 25.6 26.0 25.2 1.25 1976 0.733 25.0 25.4 24.6 1.75 1966 0.722 24.6 25.0 24.2 2.25 1956 0.720 24.5 24.9 24.1 2.75 1946 0.710 24.1 24.5 23.7 3.25 1936 0.707 24.0 24.4 23.6 3.75 1926 0.705 23.9 24.3 23.5 4.25 1916 0.702 23.8 24.2 23.4 4.75 1906 0.687 23.2 23.6 22.8 5.25 1896 0.693 23.4 23.8 23.0 6.25 1876 0.685 23.1 23.5 22.7 7.25 1856 0.697 23.6 24.0 23.2 4b. Core KH1 TEX86 and Lake Surface Temperature Estimates with 95% confidence limits Depth-cm YearAD TEX86 LSTēC 95% + 95% - 15 1956 0.720 24.5 24.9 24.1 17 1937 0.701 23.8 24.2 23.4 19 1918 0.709 24.1 24.5 23.7 21 1898 0.698 23.6 24.0 23.2 23 1879 0.678 22.9 23.3 22.5 25 1865 0.679 22.9 23.3 22.5 27 1852 0.687 23.2 23.6 22.8 29 1838 0.698 23.6 24.0 23.2 31 1824 0.711 24.1 24.5 23.7 33 1809 0.700 23.7 24.1 23.3 35 1794 0.704 23.9 24.3 23.5 37 1779 0.696 23.6 24.0 23.2 39 1764 0.686 23.2 23.6 22.8 41 1748 0.694 23.5 23.9 23.1 43 1733 0.700 23.7 24.1 23.3 47 1700 0.691 23.4 23.8 23.0 49 1683 0.672 22.6 23.0 22.2 51 1666 0.701 23.8 24.2 23.4 53 1649 0.672 22.6 23.0 22.2 55 1631 0.688 23.2 23.6 22.8 57 1614 0.688 23.2 23.6 22.8 59 1596 0.668 22.5 22.9 22.1 61 1577 0.702 23.8 24.2 23.4 63 1559 0.683 23.0 23.4 22.6 65 1540 0.685 23.1 23.5 22.7 67 1521 0.697 23.6 24.0 23.2 69 1501 0.678 22.8 23.2 22.4 71 1481 0.680 23.0 23.4 22.6 73 1461 0.674 22.7 23.1 22.3 75 1441 0.676 22.8 23.2 22.4 77 1420 0.670 22.5 22.9 22.1 79 1400 0.700 23.7 24.1 23.3 81 1378 0.694 23.5 23.9 23.1 83 1357 0.700 23.7 24.1 23.3 85 1335 0.715 24.3 24.7 23.9 86.5 1319 0.707 24.0 24.4 23.6 88.5 1297 0.695 23.5 23.9 23.1 90.5 1274 0.691 23.4 23.8 23.0 92.5 1252 0.716 24.3 24.7 23.9 94.5 1229 0.687 23.2 23.6 22.8 96.5 1205 0.698 23.6 24.0 23.2 98.5 1182 0.700 23.7 24.1 23.3 100.5 1158 0.694 23.5 23.9 23.1 102.5 1134 0.699 23.7 24.1 23.3 104.5 1110 0.704 23.9 24.3 23.5 106.5 1085 0.686 23.2 23.6 22.8 108.5 1060 0.679 22.9 23.3 22.5 110.5 1035 0.672 22.6 23.0 22.2 112.5 1009 0.680 22.9 23.3 22.5 114.5 984 0.695 23.5 23.9 23.1 116.5 958 0.673 22.7 23.1 22.3 118.5 931 0.676 22.8 23.2 22.4 120.5 905 0.675 22.7 23.1 22.3 122.5 878 0.680 22.9 23.3 22.5 124.5 851 0.681 23.0 23.4 22.6 126.5 824 0.673 22.7 23.1 22.3 128.5 796 0.688 23.3 23.7 22.9 130.5 768 0.691 23.4 23.8 23.0 132.5 740 0.671 22.6 23.0 22.2 134.5 711 0.697 23.6 24.0 23.2 136.5 682 0.695 23.5 23.9 23.1 138.5 653 0.688 23.2 23.6 22.8 140.5 624 0.701 23.8 24.2 23.4 142.5 594 0.701 23.8 24.2 23.4 144.5 565 0.710 24.1 24.5 23.7 146.5 534 0.707 24.0 24.4 23.6 148.5 504 0.704 23.8 24.2 23.4 4c. Composite TEX86 and Lake Surface Temperature Estimates with 95% confidence limits Year TEX86 LST ēC 95% + 95% - 1996 0.752 25.7 26.1 25.3 1986 0.749 25.6 26.0 25.2 1976 0.733 25.0 25.4 24.6 1966 0.722 24.6 25.0 24.2 1956 0.720 24.5 24.9 24.1 1946 0.710 24.1 24.5 23.7 1936 0.707 24.0 24.4 23.6 1926 0.705 23.9 24.3 23.5 1918 0.709 24.1 24.5 23.7 1898 0.698 23.6 24.0 23.2 1879 0.678 22.9 23.3 22.5 1865 0.679 22.9 23.3 22.5 1852 0.687 23.2 23.6 22.8 1838 0.698 23.6 24.0 23.2 1824 0.711 24.1 24.5 23.7 1809 0.700 23.7 24.1 23.3 1794 0.704 23.9 24.3 23.5 1779 0.696 23.6 24.0 23.2 1764 0.686 23.2 23.6 22.8 1748 0.694 23.5 23.9 23.1 1733 0.700 23.7 24.1 23.3 1700 0.691 23.4 23.8 23.0 1683 0.672 22.6 23.0 22.2 1666 0.701 23.8 24.2 23.4 1649 0.672 22.6 23.0 22.2 1631 0.688 23.2 23.6 22.8 1614 0.688 23.2 23.6 22.8 1596 0.668 22.5 22.9 22.1 1577 0.702 23.8 24.2 23.4 1559 0.683 23.0 23.4 22.6 1540 0.685 23.1 23.5 22.7 1521 0.697 23.6 24.0 23.2 1501 0.678 22.8 23.2 22.4 1481 0.680 23.0 23.4 22.6 1461 0.674 22.7 23.1 22.3 1441 0.676 22.8 23.2 22.4 1420 0.670 22.5 22.9 22.1 1400 0.700 23.7 24.1 23.3 1378 0.694 23.5 23.9 23.1 1357 0.700 23.7 24.1 23.3 1335 0.715 24.3 24.7 23.9 1319 0.707 24.0 24.4 23.6 1297 0.695 23.5 23.9 23.1 1274 0.691 23.4 23.8 23.0 1252 0.716 24.3 24.7 23.9 1229 0.687 23.2 23.6 22.8 1205 0.698 23.6 24.0 23.2 1182 0.700 23.7 24.1 23.3 1158 0.694 23.5 23.9 23.1 1134 0.699 23.7 24.1 23.3 1110 0.704 23.9 24.3 23.5 1085 0.686 23.2 23.6 22.8 1060 0.679 22.9 23.3 22.5 1035 0.672 22.6 23.0 22.2 1009 0.680 22.9 23.3 22.5 984 0.695 23.5 23.9 23.1 958 0.673 22.7 23.1 22.3 931 0.676 22.8 23.2 22.4 905 0.675 22.7 23.1 22.3 878 0.680 22.9 23.3 22.5 851 0.681 23.0 23.4 22.6 824 0.673 22.7 23.1 22.3 796 0.688 23.3 23.7 22.9 768 0.691 23.4 23.8 23.0 740 0.671 22.6 23.0 22.2 711 0.697 23.6 24.0 23.2 682 0.695 23.5 23.9 23.1 653 0.688 23.2 23.6 22.8 624 0.701 23.8 24.2 23.4 594 0.701 23.8 24.2 23.4 565 0.710 24.1 24.5 23.7 534 0.707 24.0 24.4 23.6 504 0.704 23.8 24.2 23.4