# Lake Victoria, East Africa 15KYr TEX86 and Leaf Wax dD and d13C Data #----------------------------------------------------------------------- # World Data Service for Paleoclimatology, Boulder # and # NOAA Paleoclimatology Program # National Centers for Environmental Information (NCEI) #----------------------------------------------------------------------- # Template Version 4.0 # Encoding: UTF-8 # NOTE: Please cite original publication, NOAA Landing Page URL, dataset and publication DOIs (where available), and date accessed when using downloaded data. If there is no publication information, please cite investigator, study title, NOAA Landing Page URL, and date accessed. # # Description/Documentation lines begin with # # Data lines have no # # # NOAA_Landing_Page: https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/access/paleo-search/study/16618 # Landing_Page_Description: NOAA Landing Page of this file's parent study, which includes all study metadata. # # Study_Level_JSON_Metadata: https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/pub/data/metadata/published/paleo/json/noaa-lake-16618.json # Study_Level_JSON_Description: JSON metadata of this data file's parent study, which includes all study metadata. # # Data_Type: Paleolimnology # # Dataset_DOI: 10.25921/zpqc-w669 # # Science_Keywords: hydrology #-------------------- # Resource_Links # # Data_Download_Resource: https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/paleolimnology/eastafrica/victoria2012-noaa.txt # Data_Download_Description: NOAA Template File; Lake Victoria TEX86 and Leaf Wax dD and d13C Data # #-------------------- # Contribution_Date # Date: 2014-06-18 #-------------------- # File_Last_Modified_Date # Date: 2024-09-09 #-------------------- # Title # Study_Name: Lake Victoria, East Africa 15KYr TEX86 and Leaf Wax dD and d13C Data #-------------------- # Investigators # Investigators: Berke, M.A.(https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4810-3773); Johnson, T.C.(https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4630-6788); Werne, J.P.(https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7019-6024); Grice, K.(https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2136-3508); Schouten, S.(https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9200-8269); Sinninghe Damsté, J.S.(https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8683-1854) #-------------------- # Description_Notes_and_Keywords # Description: This dataset includes TEX86, dD of leaf wax n-alkanoic acids (C28 chain length), and d13C of n-alkane (C29 chain length). TEX86 data includes TEX86 value and calibrated temperature (using Kim et al., 2010 as described in the text). This dataset also includes BIT Index determined. dD dataset includes the leaf wax n-alkanoic value (mean of multiple measurements, with standard deviation indicated). Ice volume correction column described in text. d13C n-alkane data was based on C29 chain length (most abundant, best chromatography). Standard deviation of replicates shown, as well as estimated C4 plant percentage (and 1 standard deviation from this estimation) as described in text and shown in figures. #-------------------- # Publication # Authors: Melissa A. Berke, Thomas C. Johnson, Josef P. Werne, Kliti Grice, Stefan Schouten, Jaap S. Sinninghe Damsté # Published_Date_or_Year: 2012-11-08 # Published_Title: Molecular records of climate variability and vegetation response since the Late Pleistocene in the Lake Victoria basin, East Africa # Journal_Name: Quaternary Science Reviews # Volume: 55 # Edition: # Issue: # Pages: 59-74 # Report_Number: # DOI: 10.1016/j.quascirev.2012.08.014 # Online_Resource: # Full_Citation: # Abstract: New molecular proxies of temperature and hydrology are helping to constrain tropical climate change and elucidate possible forcing mechanisms during the Holocene. Here, we examine a ~14,000 year record of climate variability from Lake Victoria, East Africa, the world's second largest freshwater lake by surface area. We determined variations in local hydroclimate using compound specific dD of terrestrial leaf waxes, and compared these results to a new record of temperature utilizing the TEX86 paleotemperature proxy, based on aquatic Thaumarchaeotal membrane lipids. In order to assess the impact of changing climate on the terrestrial environment, we generated a record of compound specific d13C from terrestrial leaf waxes, a proxy for ecosystem-level C3/C4 plant abundances, and compared the results to previously published pollen-inferred regional vegetation shifts. We observe a general coherence between temperature and rainfall, with a warm, wet interval peaking ~10-9 ka and subsequent gradual cooling and drying over the remainder of the Holocene. These results, particularly those of rainfall, are in general agreement with other tropical African climate records, indicating a somewhat consistent view of climate over a wide region of tropical East Africa. The d13C record from Lake Victoria leaf waxes does not appear to reflect changes in regional climate or vegetation. However, palynological analyses document an abrupt shift from a Poaceae (grasses)-dominated ecosystem during the cooler, arid late Pleistocene to a Moraceae-dominated (trees/shrubs) landscape during the warm, wet early Holocene. We theorize that these proxies are reflecting vegetation in different locations around Lake Victoria. Our results suggest a predominantly insolation-forced climate, with warm, wet conditions peaking at the maximum interhemispheric seasonal insolation contrast, likely intensifying monsoonal precipitation, while maximum aridity coincides with the rainy season insolation and the interhemispheric contrast gradient minima. We interpret a shift in conditions at the Younger Dryas to indicate a limited switch in insolation-dominated control on climate of the Lake Victoria region, to remote teleconnections with the coupled Atlantic and Pacific climate system. #-------------------- # Funding_Agency # Funding_Agency_Name: US NOAA # Grant: NA-060-AR4310113 #-------------------- # Funding_Agency # Funding_Agency_Name: European Research Council # Grant: 226600 #-------------------- # Site_Information # Site_Name: Lake Victoria Core V95-1P # Location: Lake Victoria # Northernmost_Latitude: -1.2317 # Southernmost_Latitude: -1.2317 # Easternmost_Longitude: 33.1983 # Westernmost_Longitude: 33.1983 # Elevation_m: 1133 #-------------------- # Data_Collection # Collection_Name: Victoria2012TEX86 # First_Year: 15176 # Last_Year: 1372 # Time_Unit: cal yr BP # Core_Length_m: # Parameter_Keywords: geochemistry # Notes: #-------------------- # Chronology_Information # Chronology: Radiocarbon # Chronology_Download_Resource: https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/templates/noaa-wds-paleo-14c-terms.csv # Chronology_Download_Description: Radiocarbon terms and definitions. # Chronology_Notes: The age model for the core was previously published in Johnson et al. (2000) based on radiocarbon dates on the 20–70 μm fraction of pollen–lignin–charcoal, and is here supplemented by the addition of new dates on bulk organic carbon and a wood fragment. The uppermost sediments in the lake were not recovered due to over-penetration by the Kullenberg corer, and the age of the sediments in the core top is estimated to be 1000 years. Radiocarbon analysis done at NOSAMS (Woods Hole). # Rejection_Rationale: # Reservoir_Method: # Calibration_Method: CalPal (Weninger et al., 2011) # Age_Model_Method: linear interpolation between calibrated radiocarbon dates above 568 cm depth (14.3 ka), and is extrapolated to the youngest date into the paleosol below # Missing_Values: NaN # Chronology_Table: # core_id depth_raw_end_cm depth_raw_start_cm depth_cm lab_code age_14C_BP1950 age_14C_1s_yr age_calib_BP1950 age_calib_err_yr material_dated calib_curve date_type date_used notes # core top 0 0 0 NA NA NA 1000 NA core top none core top yes NA # LV95-1P-I NA NA 5 NA 1420 70 NA NA pollen lignin charcoal IntCal 14C AMS yes Johnson et al. 2000 (10.1097/EDE.0b013e3181) # LV95-1P II 6 9 101.5 OS-77334 3060 35 3288 47 Sediment organic carbon IntCal 14C AMS yes this study (Berke et al. 2012) # LV95-1P-III NA NA 200 NA 4595 75 NA NA pollen lignin charcoal IntCal 14C AMS yes Johnson et al. 2000 (10.1097/EDE.0b013e3181) # LV95-1P-IV NA NA 320 NA 6700 110 NA NA pollen lignin charcoal IntCal 14C AMS yes Johnson et al. 2000 (10.1097/EDE.0b013e3181) # LV95-1P-V NA NA 398 NA 8380 70 NA NA pollen lignin charcoal IntCal 14C AMS yes Johnson et al. 2000 (10.1097/EDE.0b013e3181) # LV95-1P V 77 81 473 OS-77335 10000 40 11496 142 Sediment organic carbon IntCal 14C AMS yes this study (Berke et al. 2012) # LV95-1P-VI NA NA 548 NA 11635 160 NA NA pollen lignin charcoal IntCal 14C AMS yes Johnson et al. 2000 (10.1097/EDE.0b013e3181) # LV95-1P-VI NA NA 568 NA 12180 185 NA NA pollen lignin charcoal IntCal 14C AMS yes Johnson et al. 2000 (10.1097/EDE.0b013e3181) # LV95-1P VIIa 55 58 650 OS-77351 14450 65 17588 250 Sediment organic carbon IntCal 14C AMS no this study (Berke et al. 2012) # LV95-1P VIIb 22 24 714 OS-77314 13600 55 16662 291 Plant/wood fragment IntCal 14C AMS yes this study (Berke et al. 2012) # LV95-1P XII 24.5 26 772 OS-77350 17300 75 20764 289 Bulk organic carbon IntCal 14C AMS no this study (Berke et al. 2012) # LV95-1P XIII 35 37 883 OS-77336 14600 60 17901 357 Bulk organic carbon IntCal 14C AMS no this study (Berke et al. 2012) #-------------------- # Variables # # PaST_Thesaurus_Download_Resource: https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/PaST-thesaurus/SKOS/past-thesaurus-v1.0.rdf # PaST_Thesaurus_Download_Description: Paleoenvironmental Standard Terms (PaST) Thesaurus terms, definitions, and relationships in SKOS format. # # Data variables follow that are preceded by "##" in columns one and two. # Variables list, one per line, shortname-tab-var components: what, material, error, units, seasonality, data type, detail, method, C or N for Character or Numeric data) # ## depth_m depth,,,meter,,paleolimnology;climate reconstructions,,,N, ## age_calBP age,,,calendar year before present,,paleolimnology;climate reconstructions,,,N, ## tex86 tetraether index of 86 carbon atoms,sediment,,dimensionless,,paleolimnology,,,N, ## lst lake surface temperature,glycerol dialkyl glycerol tetraether,,degree Celsius,annual,paleolimnology;climate reconstructions,,,N,Kim 2010 Calibration for TEX86 ## BITindex branched and isoprenoid tetraether index,sediment,,dimensionless,,paleolimnology,,,N, ## d2HleafwaxC28 delta2H,C28 n-alkanoic acid,,per mil VSMOW,,paleolimnology,averaged,,N, ## d2HleafwaxC28ivc delta2H,C28 n-alkanoic acid,,per mil VSMOW,,paleolimnology,averaged;corrected,,N,corrected for ice volume ## d2HleafwaxC28err delta2H,C28 n-alkanoic acid,unspecified margin of error,per mil VSMOW,,paleolimnology, , ,N,mean error of replicates ## d13CleafwaxC29 delta13C,C29 n-alkanoic acid,,per mil PDB,,paleolimnology,averaged,,N, ## d13CleafwaxC29err delta13C,C29 n-alkanoic acid,unspecified margin of error,per mil PDB,,paleolimnology,averaged,,N,mean error of replicates ## C4% C4 plants,delta 13C,,percent,,paleolimnology;climate reconstructions,,,N,based on leaf wax isotopes estimated using Castañeda 2009 ## C4%+1sd C4 plants,delta 13C,,percent,one standard deviation upper bound,paleolimnology;climate reconstructions,,,N,based on leaf wax isotopes estimated using Castañeda 2009 ## C4%-1sd C4 plants,delta 13C,,percent,one standard deviation lower bound,paleolimnology;climate reconstructions,,,N,based on leaf wax isotopes estimated using Castañeda 2009 ## notes sample identification,,,,,paleolimnology,,,C,Sample ID - core - depth in core # #-------------------- # Data: # Data lines follow (have no #) # Data line format - tab-delimited text, variable short name as header # Missing_Values: depth_m age_calBP tex86 lst BITindex d2HleafwaxC28 d2HleafwaxC28ivc d2HleafwaxC28err d13CleafwaxC29 d13CleafwaxC29err C4% C4%+1sd C4%-1sd notes 0.065 1372.664 0.634 25.05 0.311 -106.0193 -105.97 2.034 LV95 1-P-I 6-7 0.155 1554.126 0.609 23.85 0.348 -110.9274 -110.841 0.631 -24.972 0.095 73.143 90.982 54.621 LV95 1-P-I 15-16 0.255 1755.751 0.61 23.92 0.317 LV95 1-P-I 25-26 0.415 2078.352 0.611 23.967 0.286 -94.3216 -94.129 3.14 LV95 1-P-I 41-42 0.545 2340.464 0.606 23.712 0.295 -96.4485 -96.539 3.085 -24.968 0.018 73.174 91.013 54.653 LV95 1-P-I 54-55 0.61 2471.521 0.605 23.678 0.296 LV95 1-P-I 60.5-61.5 0.665 2582.414 0.613 24.058 0.291 -93.9061 -93.963 2.053 -24.684 0.089 75.31 93.109 56.829 LV95 1-P-I 66-67 0.705 2663.064 0.598 23.318 0.297 LV95-1-P-I 70-71 0.755 2763.877 0.605 23.661 0.277 -106.6053 -106.806 1.86 -24.345 0.093 77.859 95.611 59.428 LV95 1-P-I 75-76 0.845 2945.339 0.601 23.456 0.28 -26.342 0.451 62.842 80.871 44.123 LV95 1-P-I 84-85 0.925 3106.64 0.607 23.751 0.258 -28.858 0.738 43.925 62.303 24.843 LV95 1-P-I 92-93 0.975 3207.452 0.603 23.594 0.262 -87.2576 -87.493 1.59 -24.898 0.134 73.699 91.528 55.188 LV95 1-P-II 3-4 1.105 3469.565 0.604 23.634 0.256 LV95 1-P-II 16-17 1.185 3630.865 0.605 23.675 0.26 -24.053 0.055 80.051 97.762 61.661 LV95 1-P-II 24-25 1.245 3751.84 0.604 23.623 0.261 LV95 1-P-II 30-31 1.315 3892.977 0.623 24.542 0.275 -25.322 0.426 70.514 88.402 51.942 LV95 1-P-II 37-38 1.395 4054.278 0.599 23.362 0.265 LV95 1-P-II 45-46 1.455 4175.253 0.61 23.898 0.258 -101.9783 -102.32 3.5 -25.776 0.127 67.097 85.047 48.459 LV95 1-P-II 51-52 1.585 4437.365 0.613 24.044 0.25 -24.548 0.169 76.331 94.111 57.87 LV95 1-P-II 64-65 1.645 4558.34 0.587 22.756 0.257 LV95 1-P-II 70-71 1.705 4679.315 0.601 23.473 0.233 -94.0415 -94.277 3.479 -24.161 0.695 79.238 96.964 60.832 LV95 1-P-II 76-77 1.815 4901.103 0.6 23.443 0.238 LV95 1-P-II 87-88 1.885 5042.241 0.604 23.643 0.238 -100.8805 -101.082 4.94 -24.847 0.009 74.085 91.906 55.581 LV95 1-P-II 94-95 1.975 5223.703 0.603 23.547 0.226 -24.415 0.1 77.333 95.095 58.891 LV95 1-P-III 3-4 2.105 5475.027 0.607 23.744 0.218 LV95 1-P-III 16-17 2.195 5647.451 0.607 23.764 0.213 -106.8512 -107.014 3.769 -24.13 0.529 79.473 97.195 61.072 LV95 1-P-III 25-26 2.305 5858.191 0.61 23.905 0.221 LV95 1-P-III 36-37 2.405 6049.773 0.61 23.922 0.231 -24.563 0.714 76.218 94 57.755 LV95 1-P-III 46-47 2.485 6203.039 0.607 23.745 0.239 LV95 1-P-III 54-55 2.605 6432.937 0.611 23.973 0.23 -111.4664 -111.845 1.047 -23.918 0.231 81.065 98.757 62.694 LV95 1-P-III 66-67 2.715 6643.677 0.617 24.23 0.208 -24.833 0.132 74.192 92.011 55.69 LV95 1-P-III 77-78 2.825 6854.417 0.625 24.643 0.236 LV95 1-P-III 88-89 2.895 6988.524 0.616 24.188 0.229 -115.0211 -115.55 0.915 -24.427 0.058 77.242 95.005 58.799 LV95 1-P-III 95-96 2.985 7160.948 0.623 24.561 0.24 LV95 1-P-IV 4-5 3.105 7390.846 0.62 24.399 0.219 -115.9025 -116.567 5.154 -23.549 0.364 83.84 100 65.523 LV95 1-P-IV 16-17 3.225 7631.077 0.626 24.695 0.231 LV95 1-P-IV 28-29 3.275 7747.486 0.619 24.33 0.22 -116.5404 -117.276 3.995 LV95 1-P-IV 33-34 3.305 7817.331 0.643 25.462 0.229 -23.106 0.32 87.172 100 68.919 LV95 1-P-IV 36-37 3.345 7910.458 0.611 23.959 0.235 LV95 1-P-IV 40-41 3.395 8026.867 0.62 24.397 0.232 -120.1432 -120.951 0.197 -25.104 0.54 72.154 90.011 53.613 LV95 1-P-IV 45-46 3.485 8236.403 0.622 24.504 0.228 -22.714 0.386 90.119 100 71.922 LV95 1-P-IV 54-55 3.595 8492.503 0.633 25.267 0.234 LV95 1-P-IV 65-66 3.715 8771.885 0.639 25.276 0.253 -25.84 1.148 66.617 84.576 47.969 LV95 1-P-IV 77-78 3.825 9027.985 0.636 25.012 0.245 -23.19 0.253 86.545 100 68.28 LV95 1-P-IV 88-89 3.865 9121.112 0.638 25.134 0.242 LV95 1-P-IV 92-93 3.895 9190.957 0.649 25.775 0.234 -118.8032 -119.395 0.444 -26.899 3.626 58.652 76.758 39.852 LV95 1-P-IV 95-96 3.995 9431.116 0.636 25.146 0.223 LV95 1-P-V 5-6 4.105 9740.139 0.636 25.134 0.21 -123.3342 -124.142 0.116 -23.156 0.112 86.796 100 68.535 LV95 1-P-V 16-17 4.225 10077.256 0.633 25.026 0.196 LV95 1-P-V 28-29 4.305 10302 0.629 24.828 0.185 -119.8881 -121.193 3.155 -22.951 0.1 88.337 100 70.106 LV95 1-P-V 36-37 4.395 10554.838 0.623 24.563 0.199 LV95 1-P-V 45-46 4.485 10807.675 0.615 24.171 0.162 -129.477 -130.675 2.684 -24.434 0.897 77.192 94.956 58.747 LV95 1-P-V 54-55 4.595 11116.699 0.603 23.572 0.194 -124.8751 -126.54 2.323 -21.917 0.549 96.112 100 78.03 LV95 1-P-V 65-66 4.705 11425.722 0.597 23.261 0.19 -105.3444 -107.364 3.386 -25.223 0.1 71.256 89.129 52.697 LV95 1-P-V 76-77 4.825 11753.587 0.608 23.799 0.214 -110.7592 -113.279 0.824 LV95 1-P-V 88-89 4.895 11943.427 0.597 23.287 0.243 -111.3034 -114.072 4.199 -23.459 0.386 84.523 100 66.218 LV95 1-P-V 95-96 4.995 12214.629 0.608 23.818 0.231 -114.2719 -114.272 4.399 LV95 1-P-VI 5-6 5.105 12512.95 0.608 23.821 0.204 -23.638 0.308 83.172 100 64.842 LV95 1-P-VI 16-17 5.205 12784.151 0.595 23.19 0.207 -114.9278 -118.268 2.066 LV95 1-P-VI 26-27 5.305 13055.352 0.594 23.113 0.173 -111.636 -115.116 1.105 -23.682 0.357 82.846 100 64.51 LV95 1-P-VI 36-37 5.395 13299.433 0.587 22.791 0.167 LV95 1-P-VI 45-46 5.515 13667.085 0.591 22.988 0.179 LV95 1-P-VI 57-58 5.605 14015.886 0.588 22.805 0.173 -113.3328 -117.683 1.164 -23.334 0.166 85.46 100 67.174 LV95 1-P-VI 66-67 5.715 14393.346 0.58 22.435 0.167 -102.7977 -107.603 2.008 -24.139 0.25 79.405 97.128 61.002 LV95 1-P-VI 77-78 5.815 14589.041 0.552 20.934 0.181 -26.097 0.369 64.683 82.678 45.999 LV95 1-P-VI 87-88 5.995 14941.292 0.542 20.423 0.148 -105.2693 -111.109 4.193 -25.78 0.036 67.068 85.019 48.429 LV95 1-P-VIIa 5-6 6.115 15176.125 0.518 19.057 0.373 LV95 1-P-VIIa 17-18 6.215 0.559 21.329 0.411 LV95 1-P-VIIa 27-28 6.295 0.558 21.28 0.461 LV95 1-P-VIIa 35-36 6.415 0.604 23.61 0.783 LV95 1-P-VIIa 47-48 6.505 0.688 27.47 0.821 LV95 1-P-VIIa 56-57 6.615 0.73 29.239 0.789 LV95 1-P-VIIa 67-68 6.725 0.743 29.777 0.705 LV95 1-P-VIIa 78-79 6.785 0.706 28.253 0.626 LV95 1-P-VIIa 84-85 6.885 0.711 28.478 0.576 LV95 1-P-VIIa 94-95 6.985 0.658 26.158 0.474 LV95 1-P-VIIb 7-8 7.045 0.634 25.068 0.411 LV95 1-P-VIIb 13-14 7.155 0.621 24.423 0.309 LV95 VIIb 24-25 7.515 0.776 31.062 0.697 LV95 1-P-XII 4-5 7.635 0.781 31.26 0.672 LV95 1-P-XII 16-17 7.755 0.783 31.333 0.67 LV95 1-P-XII 28-29 7.845 0.77 30.849 0.67 LV95 1-P-XII 37-38 7.945 0.788 31.537 0.699 LV95 1-P-XII 47-48 8.045 0.778 31.156 0.702 LV95 1-P-XII 57-58 8.145 0.779 31.163 0.759 LV95 1-P-XII 67-68 8.245 0.77 30.823 0.753 LV95 1-P-XII 77-78 8.345 0.778 31.15 0.75 LV95 1-P-XII 87-88 8.525 0.755 30.241 0.806 LV95 1-P-XIII 5-6 8.635 0.776 31.078 0.766 LV95 1-P-XIII 16-17 8.755 0.667 26.58 0.85 LV951-P-XIII 28-29 8.835 0.749 30.01 0.81 LV95 1-P-XIII 36-37 8.925 0.702 28.087 0.857 LV95 1-P-XIII 45-46 9.025 0.734 29.411 0.806 LV95 1-P-XIII 55-56