# Eifel Laminated Sediment Archive (ELSA) Vegetation Stack
#----------------------------------------------------
#                World Data Service for Paleoclimatology, Boulder
#                                  and
#                     NOAA Paleoclimatology Program
#             National Centers for Environmental Information (NCEI)
#----------------------------------------------------
# Template Version 4.0
# Encoding: UTF-8
# NOTE: Please cite original publication, NOAA Landing Page URL, dataset and publication DOIs (where available), and date accessed when using downloaded data. If there is no publication information, please cite investigator, study title, NOAA Landing Page URL, and date accessed.
#
# Description/Documentation lines begin with #
# Data lines have no #
#
# NOAA_Landing_Page: https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/access/paleo-search/study/21430
#   Landing_Page_Description: NOAA Landing Page of this file's parent study, which includes all study metadata.
#
# Study_Level_JSON_Metadata: https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/pub/data/metadata/published/paleo/json/noaa-lake-21430.json
#   Study_Level_JSON_Description: JSON metadata of this data file's parent study, which includes all study metadata.
#
# Data_Type: Paleolimnology
#
# Dataset_DOI: 10.25921/kv7y-k889
#
# Science_Keywords: 
#--------------------
# Resource_Links
#
# Data_Download_Resource:  https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/paleolimnology/europe/germany/elsa2016au2toc-noaa.txt
#   Data_Download_Description: Formatted Text Data File; ELSA Vegetation Stack Core AU2 Total Organic Carbon
#
#--------------------
# Contribution_Date
#   Date: 2016-12-09
#--------------------
# File_Last_Modified_Date
#   Date: 2024-11-14
#--------------------
# Title
#   Study_Name: Eifel Laminated Sediment Archive (ELSA) Vegetation Stack
#--------------------
# Investigators
#   Investigators: Sirocko, F.(https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3131-0613); Knapp, H.; Dreher, F.; Förster, M.W.; Albert, J.; Brunck, H.; Veres, D.(https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3932-577X); Dietrich, S.(https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0830-2690); Zech, M.; Hambach, U.(https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8455-6812); Röhner, M.; Rudert, S.; Schwibus, K.; Adams, C.; Sigl, P.
#--------------------
# Description_Notes_and_Keywords
#   Description: Pleistocene laminated lake sediments from maar structures of the Eifel present a new and unique record to construct for the first time a continuous time series with annual resolution for volcanic activity, climate, paleoweather and environment of the last 70000 years in central Europe.
# The time series can be compared directly with the long and continuous records from the ice and the ocean to understand the rates of change and thresholds in the response of the continental ecosystems to abrupt forcing events. 
# Provided Keywords: Eifel, Flood events, Ice core tuning, Laminated lake sediments, Maar lakes,  MIS 3,  Paleoclimate, Plant macroremains, Pleistocene, Pollen, Sedimentary archives, Tephrochronology, Total carbon, Vegetation
#--------------------
# Publication
#   Authors: F. Sirocko, H. Knapp, F. Dreher, M.W. Förster, J. Albert, H. Brunck, D. Veres, S. Dietrich, M. Zech, U. Hambach, M. Röhner, S. Rudert, K. Schwibus, C. Adams, P. Sigl
#   Journal_Name: Global and Planetary Change
#   Published_Title: The ELSA-Vegetation-Stack: Reconstruction of Landscape Evolution Zones (LEZ) from laminated Eifel maar sediments of the last 60,000 years
#   Published_Date_or_Year: 2016
#   Volume: 142
#   Pages: 108-135
#   Issue: 
#   Report_Number: 
#   DOI: 10.1016/j.gloplacha.2016.03.005
#   Full_Citation:
#   Abstract:  Laminated sediment records from several maar lakes and dry maar lakes of the Eifel (Germany) reveal the history of climate, weather, environment, vegetation, and land use in central Europe during the last 60,000 years. The time series of the last 30,000 years is based on a continuous varve counted chronology, the MIS3 section is tuned to the Greenland ice - both with independent age control from 14C dates. Total carbon, pollen and plant macrofossils are used to synthesize a vegetation-stack, which is used together with the stacks from seasonal varve formation, flood layers, eolian dust content and volcanic tephra layers to define Landscape Evolution Zones (LEZ). LEZ 1 encompasses the landscape dynamics of the last 6000 years with widespread human influence. The natural oak and hazel forests of the early Holocene back to 10,500 b2k define LEZ 2. LEZ 3, the late glacial between 10,500 and 14,700 b2k, shows the development of a boreal forest with abundant grass and shallow water biomass in the lakes. The maximum of the last glaciation (LEZ 4: 14,700-23,000 b2k) was characterized by sparse vegetation of moss and characeae. These sediments are generally devoid of clay and sand and reveal no indication of snow-meltwater events. Accordingly, the Last Glacial Maximum (LGM) must have been extremely arid in central Europe. The sediments of the subsequent LEZ 5 from 23,000-28,500 b2k preserve distinct layers of clay and coarse sand, which indicates running water with clay in suspension and ephemeral coarse-grained fluvial sediment discharge. Abundant Ranunculaceae macroremains (used for 14C dating), insects, moss and fungi sclerotia reflect a tundra environment during a time of frequent strong snowmelt events. Total carbon content, Betula-Pinus pollen and diatoms reach increased concentrations during Marine Isotope Stage (MIS) 3 interstadials that occurred between 28,500 and 36,500 b2k (LEZ 6). The entire MIS3 interstadials are well documented in the organic carbon record from the Auel dry maar. The main paleobotanical indicators of MIS3 are, however, grass pollen and heliophytes, which indicate a steppe environment with scattered/patchy trees during the interstadials. The stadial phases inferred during LEZ 6 reveal initiation of eolian dust deflation. The change of the early MIS 3 forested landscape to a steppe occurred with the LEZ 7-LEZ 6 transition. This is when modern man spread in central Europe. The principle vegetation change to a steppe at 36,500 b2k must have favoured the spread of horses, an important hunting prey of modern humans. We propose accordingly that the migration of the modern humans into central Europe might have been at least partly driven by climate and associated vegetation change. The LEZ 7 encompassed the time interval 36,500 to 49,000 b2k and was characterized by a boreal forest with high abundance of pine, birch, as well as spruce during the interstadial events. Abundant charcoal fragments indicate that this taiga was under frequent drought stress with regular burning. The most unexpected finding, but corroborated by all our maar records is the dominance of thermophilous tree taxa from 49,000 to 55,000 b2k (LEZ 8). Greenland interstadials 13 and 14 were apparently the warmest of MIS 3 according to the Eifel pollen records. The preceeding LEZ 9 from 55,000 to 60,000 b2k is also dominated by spruce, but thermophilous trees were sparse. A warm early MIS3 appears plausible, because summer insolation (at 60N) was higher in the early MIS 3 than today, ice cover was low in Scandinavia and sea-surface temperatures of the North Atlantic were almost comparable to modern values during GI-14.
#--------------------
# Funding_Agency
#   Funding_Agency_Name:
#   Grant:
#--------------------
# Site_Information
#   Site_Name: Aueler Maar
#   Location: Germany
#   Northernmost_Latitude: 50.28383
#   Southernmost_Latitude: 50.28383
#   Easternmost_Longitude: 6.59574
#   Westernmost_Longitude: 6.59574
#   Elevation_m: 453
#--------------------
# Data_Collection
#   Collection_Name: ELSA2016AU2TOC
#   First_Year: 64650
#   Last_Year: 10449
#   Time_Unit: cal yr BP
#   Core_Length_m: 123
#   Parameter_Keywords: geochemistry
#   Notes: 
#--------------------
# Chronology_Information
# Chronology:
#	
#
#--------------------
# Variables
# PaST_Thesaurus_Download_Resource: https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/access/paleo-search/skos/past-thesaurus.rdf
#   PaST_Thesaurus_Download_Description: Paleoenvironmental Standard Terms (PaST) Thesaurus terms, definitions, and relationships in SKOS format.
#
# Data variables follow that are preceded by '##' in columns one and two.
# Variables list, one per line, shortname-tab-var components: what, material, error, units, seasonality, data type, detail, method, C or N for Character or Numeric data)
#
## depth_m	depth,,,centimeter,,paleolimnology,,,N,
## age_calBP	age,,,calendar year before present,,paleolimnology,,,N,age before 2k
## toc%	organic carbon,sediment,,percent,,paleolimnology,,,N,
#--------------------
# Data:
# Data lines follow (have no #)
# Data line format - tab-delimited text, variable short name as header
# Missing_Values:
depth_m	age_calBP	toc%
2.15	10449	0.123
2.35	10491	0.081
2.55	10533	0.090
2.75	10575	0.077
2.95	10616	0.082
3.15	10658	0.086
3.20	10669	0.065
3.55	10742	0.065
3.75	10784	0.071
3.95	10825	0.061
4.95	11034	0.061
5.15	11076	0.067
6.15	11285	0.056
6.35	11327	0.049
6.55	11369	0.054
6.75	11410	0.077
6.95	11452	0.061
7.15	11494	0.070
7.35	11536	0.079
7.55	11577	0.050
7.75	11619	0.061
7.95	11661	0.072
8.15	11703	0.069
8.35	11745	0.061
8.55	11786	0.078
8.75	11828	0.072
8.95	11870	0.089
9.15	11912	0.067
9.35	11954	0.086
9.55	11995	0.090
9.75	12037	0.080
9.95	12079	0.086
10.15	12121	0.098
10.35	12162	0.097
10.55	12204	0.107
10.75	12246	0.076
10.95	12288	0.076
11.15	12330	0.084
11.35	12371	0.045
11.55	12413	0.049
11.75	12455	0.055
11.95	12497	0.050
12.15	12539	0.054
12.35	12580	0.050
12.55	12622	0.047
12.75	12664	0.048
12.95	12706	0.055
13.15	12747	0.074
13.35	12789	0.069
13.55	12831	0.085
13.75	12873	0.124
13.95	12939	0.316
14.15	13051	0.751
14.35	13162	0.716
14.55	13274	0.778
14.75	13385	0.601
14.95	13497	0.773
15.15	13608	0.776
15.35	13720	0.881
15.55	13831	0.893
15.75	13943	0.902
15.95	14054	0.954
16.15	14166	0.925
16.35	14277	1.024
16.55	14389	1.062
16.75	14500	1.361
16.95	14693	1.028
17.15	14886	0.924
17.35	15079	1.050
17.55	15272	0.997
17.75	15465	0.908
17.95	15658	0.869
18.15	15851	0.819
18.35	16044	0.733
18.55	16236	0.153
18.75	16429	0.728
18.95	16622	0.949
19.15	16815	0.967
19.35	17008	1.070
19.55	17201	1.016
19.75	17394	1.023
19.95	17587	0.887
20.15	17780	0.959
20.35	17973	0.799
20.55	18166	0.894
20.75	18359	0.986
20.95	18552	0.819
21.35	18938	0.927
21.55	19131	0.940
21.75	19324	0.917
21.95	19516	0.931
25.05	22507	0.916
25.25	22700	0.951
25.45	22803	0.749
25.65	22907	0.818
25.85	23010	0.884
26.15	23165	0.728
26.35	23268	0.701
26.55	23371	0.657
26.75	23475	0.696
26.95	23578	0.774
27.15	23681	0.627
27.35	23785	0.596
27.55	23888	0.651
27.75	23991	0.709
27.95	24095	0.668
28.15	24198	0.583
28.35	24301	0.576
28.55	24404	0.554
28.75	24508	0.619
28.95	24611	0.663
29.15	24714	0.717
29.35	24818	0.708
29.55	24921	0.718
29.75	25024	0.611
29.95	25127	0.744
30.15	25231	0.618
30.35	25334	0.642
30.55	25437	0.676
30.75	25541	0.644
30.95	25644	0.638
31.15	25747	0.690
31.35	25851	0.681
31.55	25954	0.655
31.75	26057	0.834
31.95	26160	0.808
32.15	26264	0.771
32.35	26367	0.672
32.55	26470	0.823
32.75	26574	0.846
32.95	26677	0.801
33.15	26780	0.746
33.35	26884	0.778
33.55	26987	0.730
33.75	27090	0.713
33.95	27193	0.792
34.15	27297	1.989
34.35	27400	2.012
34.55	27442	1.634
34.75	27483	1.593
34.95	27525	0.643
35.15	27567	0.650
35.35	27608	0.645
35.55	27650	0.604
35.75	27692	0.493
35.95	27733	0.563
36.15	27775	0.586
36.35	27817	0.681
36.55	27858	0.527
36.75	27900	0.418
36.95	27940	0.663
37.15	27980	0.659
37.35	28020	0.681
37.55	28060	0.684
37.75	28100	0.722
37.95	28140	0.677
38.15	28180	0.704
38.35	28220	0.793
38.55	28260	0.834
38.75	28300	0.654
38.95	28340	0.628
39.15	28380	0.663
39.35	28420	0.749
39.55	28460	1.396
39.75	28500	2.063
39.95	28550	2.111
40.15	28601	0.705
40.35	28651	0.616
40.55	28701	0.675
40.75	28751	0.633
40.95	28802	0.563
41.15	28852	0.599
41.35	28902	0.590
41.55	28953	0.659
41.75	29003	0.663
41.95	29053	0.397
42.15	29104	0.743
42.35	29154	0.723
42.55	29204	0.657
42.75	29254	0.690
42.95	29305	0.622
43.15	29355	0.664
43.35	29405	0.597
43.55	29456	0.586
43.75	29506	0.601
43.95	29556	0.618
44.25	29632	0.609
44.45	29682	0.559
44.65	29732	0.618
44.85	29783	0.728
44.95	29808	0.683
45.05	29833	0.732
45.25	29883	0.683
45.45	29933	0.715
45.65	29984	0.678
45.85	30034	0.712
46.05	30084	0.720
46.25	30135	0.742
46.45	30185	0.587
46.65	30234	0.638
46.85	30282	0.693
47.05	30330	0.731
47.25	30378	0.743
47.45	30426	0.761
47.65	30474	0.666
47.85	30522	0.716
48.05	30570	0.668
48.25	30618	0.599
48.45	30666	0.617
48.65	30714	0.675
48.85	30762	0.575
49.05	30810	0.569
49.25	30858	0.636
49.45	30906	0.631
49.65	30954	0.582
49.85	31002	0.533
50.05	31050	0.583
50.25	31098	0.680
50.45	31146	0.679
50.65	31194	0.688
50.85	31242	0.657
51.05	31290	0.867
51.25	31338	0.908
51.45	31386	0.801
51.65	31434	0.788
51.85	31482	0.859
52.05	31530	0.739
52.25	31578	0.712
52.45	31626	0.905
52.65	31674	0.863
52.85	31722	0.847
53.05	31770	0.734
53.25	31818	0.679
53.45	31866	0.672
53.65	31914	0.680
53.85	31962	0.716
54.05	32010	0.742
54.25	32058	0.839
54.45	32106	0.806
54.65	32154	0.7410
54.85	32202	0.9636
55.05	32250	1.3923
55.25	32380	0.5367
55.45	32510	0.6092
55.65	32640	0.6015
55.85	32770	0.4823
56.05	32900	0.6985
56.25	33030	0.6533
56.45	33160	0.6976
56.65	33290	0.7641
56.85	33420	1.1700
57.05	33550	1.4070
57.25	33609	1.3812
57.45	33669	1.2165
57.65	33728	0.9272
57.85	33787	0.4242
58.05	33847	0.3774
58.25	33906	0.4000
58.45	33965	0.3633
58.65	34025	0.4298
58.85	34084	0.3841
59.15	34173	0.4264
59.35	34232	0.4352
59.55	34292	0.4178
59.75	34351	0.3856
59.95	34410	0.4502
60.15	34469	0.4474
60.35	34529	0.5759
60.55	34588	0.4918
60.75	34647	0.4157
60.95	34707	0.5141
61.15	34766	0.4976
61.35	34825	0.5032
61.55	34885	0.5221
61.75	34944	0.620
61.95	35003	0.680
62.15	35063	0.845
62.35	35122	0.940
62.55	35181	0.981
62.75	35241	1.096
62.95	35300	1.226
63.15	35474	0.899
63.35	35647	0.948
63.55	35821	0.782
63.75	35994	0.831
63.95	36168	0.581
64.15	36341	0.554
64.35	36515	0.924
64.55	36688	1.101
64.75	36862	0.946
64.95	37035	1.099
65.15	37209	1.038
65.35	37382	1.314
65.55	37556	1.420
65.75	37729	1.348
65.95	37903	1.648
66.15	38076	1.600
66.35	38250	1.791
66.55	38387	1.788
66.75	38523	1.606
66.95	38660	1.392
67.15	38797	0.896
67.35	38933	0.680
67.55	39070	0.652
67.75	39207	0.726
67.95	39343	0.640
68.15	39480	0.747
68.35	39617	0.755
68.55	39753	0.679
68.75	39890	0.833
68.95	40027	1.014
69.15	40163	0.809
69.35	40300	1.806
69.55	40377	1.298
69.75	40455	0.887
69.95	40532	0.841
70.15	40609	1.226
70.35	40687	1.091
70.55	40764	1.240
70.75	40841	0.793
70.95	40919	0.616
71.15	40996	0.501
71.35	41067	0.899
71.55	41137	0.865
71.75	41208	0.997
71.95	41278	0.914
72.15	41348	1.196
72.35	41419	1.568
72.55	41489	1.433
72.75	41559	1.492
72.95	41630	1.167
73.15	41700	1.612
73.35	41777	0.837
73.55	41855	0.520
73.75	41932	0.820
73.95	42009	0.873
74.15	42086	0.961
74.35	42164	0.856
74.55	42241	0.951
74.75	42318	0.914
74.95	42395	0.979
75.15	42473	0.979
75.35	42550	1.152
75.55	42627	1.112
75.75	42705	1.214
75.95	42782	1.185
76.15	42859	1.171
76.35	42936	1.248
76.55	43014	1.380
76.75	43091	1.845
76.95	43168	2.405
77.15	43245	1.820
77.35	43323	1.945
77.55	43400	2.437
77.75	43425	2.398
77.95	43449	2.371
78.35	43498	1.816
78.55	43523	0.735
78.75	43547	0.666
78.95	43572	0.715
79.15	43596	0.615
79.35	43621	0.794
79.55	43645	0.740
79.75	43670	0.527
79.95	43694	0.666
80.15	43719	0.727
80.35	43743	0.636
80.55	43768	0.603
80.75	43792	0.641
80.95	43817	0.507
81.15	43841	0.662
81.35	43866	0.592
81.55	43890	0.507
81.75	43931	0.708
81.95	43982	0.671
82.15	44033	0.767
82.35	44084	0.760
82.55	44135	0.701
82.75	44186	0.870
82.95	44238	0.730
83.15	44289	0.860
83.35	44340	0.818
83.55	44391	0.904
83.75	44442	0.933
83.95	44493	0.976
84.15	44544	1.185
84.35	44595	1.196
84.55	44647	1.380
84.75	44698	1.302
84.95	44749	1.606
85.15	44800	2.177
85.35	44913	1.376
85.55	45025	1.444
85.75	45138	1.364
85.95	45251	1.537
86.15	45363	1.536
86.35	45476	1.310
86.55	45589	1.861
86.75	45701	1.898
86.95	45814	1.897
87.15	45926	1.929
87.35	46039	1.905
87.55	46152	2.151
87.75	46264	2.152
87.95	46377	2.200
88.15	46490	2.483
88.35	46602	3.461
88.55	46715	3.165
88.75	46828	3.427
89.15	47053	3.877
89.35	47166	3.889
89.55	47300	3.965
89.75	47500	3.065
89.95	47700	2.863
90.15	47900	1.478
90.35	48063	1.707
90.55	48226	1.794
90.75	48389	2.283
90.95	48552	3.227
91.15	48715	3.552
91.35	48878	6.876
91.55	49031	7.198
91.75	49155	6.438
91.95	49279	8.991
92.15	49402	8.959
92.35	49526	7.467
92.55	49650	9.351
92.75	50075	8.703
92.95	50500	8.632
93.15	50925	8.924
93.35	51350	7.251
93.55	51775	6.441
93.75	52200	2.827
93.95	52700	8.823
94.15	53200	5.294
94.35	53700	9.633
94.55	53821	8.807
94.75	53942	7.111
94.95	54063	7.691
95.15	54184	6.208
95.35	54305	5.463
95.55	54426	3.139
95.75	54547	4.550
95.95	54667	2.976
96.15	54788	4.595
96.35	54909	5.255
96.55	55300	4.123
96.75	55525	3.106
96.95	55750	8.418
97.15	55900	8.275
97.35	56050	3.912
97.55	56200	3.063
97.75	56350	6.899
97.95	56500	8.321
98.15	56667	8.272
98.35	56833	2.342
98.55	57000	1.735
98.75	57433	1.542
98.95	57867	6.895
99.15	58300	7.453
99.35	58500	5.900
99.55	58700	6.218
99.75	58829	4.730
99.95	58957	4.583
100.15	59086	4.553
100.35	59214	4.653
100.55	59343	4.523
100.75	59471	4.560
100.95	59600	5.897
101.15	59680	4.823
101.35	59760	4.605
101.55	59840	4.700
101.75	59920	3.855
101.95	60000	8.852
102.15	60113	6.289
102.35	60225	3.839
102.55	60338	2.639
102.75	60450	1.621
102.95	60542	2.126
103.75	60911	2.620
103.95	61003	1.583
105.75	61832	0.424
106.35	62108	0.579
106.55	62200	0.485
106.75	62266	0.669
106.95	62332	0.895
107.15	62399	0.518
107.35	62465	0.435
107.55	62531	1.023
107.75	62597	1.156
107.95	62664	1.143
108.55	62862	1.023
108.75	62928	0.461
108.95	62995	1.039
109.55	63193	0.525
109.75	63259	0.710
109.95	63326	1.552
110.75	63591	0.602
110.95	63657	0.803
111.75	63922	0.822
111.95	63988	0.581
112.35	64120	0.776
112.55	64186	0.378
112.75	64253	0.896
112.95	64319	0.991
113.75	64584	1.131
113.95	64650	2.625